兴隆2.16m望远镜自适应光学系统

自适应光学系统是大口径天文望远镜克服大气湍流,提高望远镜成像质量的必备手段之一.本文针对兴隆2.16 m望远镜及其所在台址的大气视宁度,研制了一套自适应光学系统.系统的主要部件包括具有109个压电陶瓷驱动器的变形镜,具有100个子孔径的Shack-Hartmann波前传感器,以及基于现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)的高速波前控制平台等.实验结果表明,该系统可以把大气扰动引起的波前像差的均方根值校正到0.1λ以下,获得接近衍射极限的成像质量.     

自适应光学技术在天文观测中的研究进展

自适应光学技术克服大气湍流的干扰,使大口径光学望远镜的角分辨率不再受限于大气相干长度,成像接近光学系统的衍射极限.自适应光学技术在波前探测、校正和提高成像视场等方面的不断进步,极大地促进了天文学的发展.目前,天文观测中的自适应光学技术按应用主要分为三类:传统的大视场高分辨率天文观测、系外行星观测和太阳观测等.它们对自适应光学技术的要求各不相同,本文分别对自适应光学技术在这三方面的应用和其他关键单元技术的进展,进行了详细的总结与展望,这些对未来我国发展大口径自适应光学望远镜有参考价值.     

自适应光学方法及多光束发射对改善激光大气传输的比较

自适应光学方法和多光束发射都是激光大气传输中克服湍流效应的有效方法。首先介绍了校正式相位共轭自适应光学系统的工作原理,从光学原理的角度说明了该方法的局限性;接着进一步阐述了多光束发射技术,引入光强概率密度函数,推导出多光束发射下的激光大气传输特性,验证了其对湍流效应的抑制作用。     

基于小波分形插值算法的大气湍流波前畸变重构

波前传感器自适应光学系统的波前畸变校正效果主要取决于重构波前的精度,而现有的模式法、区域法等方法重构波前精度较低,波前畸变校正性能有待提高。针对这一问题,提出一种基于小波分形插值算法的大气湍流波前畸变重构,在对原始波前进行小波变换的基础上采用分形插值的方法,能够有效提高精度,同时避免高频信息丢失,最后进行小波逆变换得到重构波前。仿真结果表明,与传统的最小方差估计算法相比,该方法重构波前的灰度平均梯度由0.065增加到0.765 4,均方根误差由3.249 2下降到0.634 6。     

瑞利导星和钠导星共用的多层波前探测技术

目的 提出一种对分层大气湍流所引起的波面畸变进行有效探测的技术。方法 假设大气湍流主要集中有两薄层中,用同一束发射激光通过时间选通既产生钠导星,又产生瑞利导星。前可探测两层湍流引起的光波波前总畸变后,后则用于探测低层湍流单独引起的波面相差,建立这些畸变量之间的耦合方程,并进行求解。结果 得到高层湍流单独引起的波前畸变。结论 用这种方法可以方便地探测两层大气湍流所引起的波面畸变,从而为分层校正宽     

自适应光学随机并行梯度下降控制算法的研究

随机并行梯度下降算法(SPGD)是一种比较有潜力的自适应光学的系统的控制算法,它具有速度快、无需信标光且不需要依赖波前传感器就可以对畸变波前进行校正的优点,近年来受到人们的广泛关注。本文应用zernike多项式模拟大气湍流畸变波前,以32单元变形镜为校正器,利用SPGD算法对畸变波前进行了初步校正研究。结果表明,SPGD算法可以用于校正波前畸变,且不同的参数如扰动幅值、增益系数的选取都会影响校正的效果,此外本文提出的分段增益方法可以在一定程度上优化该算法。     

森林冠层湍流结构的特征研究

使用长白山森林冠层上得到的湍流及风、湿、湿梯度资料，对长白山森林冠层的湍流结构作为较为详细的分析。结果表明，冠层内的风速分布遵循指数规律Ｕ（Ｚ）／Ｕ（ｈ）＝ｅｘｐ「ａ１（Ｚ／ｈ－１）」，且ａ１＝２．０５；冠层内的动量交换系数满足指数律；Ｋｍ（Ｚ）／Ｋｍ（ｈ）＝ｅｘｐ「ａ２（Ｚ／ｈ－１）」，且ａ２＝５．２；冠层上Ｚ／ｈ＝１．２３处，σｗ／Ｕ＊，σθ／θ，与稳定度有很好的相关性；冠层上纵向湍流强度ｉｗ     

一种新的Mems变形反射镜主要性能参数测试

通过对37单元Mems变形镜面形的测量得到了变形镜的电压-位移静态曲线。通过对自适应光学微变形反射镜理论研究推导和实验测试,导出了变形反射镜光学影响函数的矩阵并由此得到电压控制矩阵,从而利用控制电压校正了变形镜的初始面形,为系统波前畸变校正提供了与理论相一致的实验依据。对变形镜校正能力进行了测评,为今后全面优化设计微变形反射镜及其更完美的适应自适应光学系统的需要提供了实验数据与理论支持。     

狭缝滤波对自适应光学校正性能影响的实验验证

搭建了一个光栅光谱仪系统,并在系统中集成了一套自适应光学系统,用于验证狭缝滤波对单阶Zernike像差的校正影响。实验结果表明,相对于传统的自适应光学校正方法,考虑狭缝滤波的影响可以降低自适应光学系统的校正要求,且闭环校正的迭代次数并没有明显增加,为自适应光学校正方法提供参考。     

模型人眼的视网膜自适应成像系统

为了更好的进行人眼视网膜成像探测及人眼像差校正,建立了一套基于液晶波前校正器的模型,模拟人眼眼底的自适应成像系统。该系统采用Shark-Hartman波前探测器进行波面探测,将探测所得波前畸变经过计算处理转化为灰度图通过电脑施加到LCOS上进行波面校正,通过校正人眼像差的方式来提高系统成像质量。经过校正后,系统波误差从1．92μm降低到0．048μm系统分辨率接近70lp／mm已经到达该光学系统衍射极限分辨。可以满足低阶大像差情况下的模拟人眼视网膜成像要求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with