广西元宝山自然保护区黑熊春季觅食生境特征

在广西元宝山自然保护区野外设置了82个20 m×20 m样方,初步分析黑熊春季觅食地生境特征,对16个生态因子进行主成分分析和单因子适合度检验。结果表明：黑熊觅食地生境特征的主要影响因子为水源距离、海拔和灌木密度;次要因子为食物丰富度因子(树径、乔木密度、乔木距离、灌木距离)、地理性因子(坡向、坡位、坡度)、干扰性因子(树桩密度、树桩距离、倒木距离、人为干扰距离)和微生境因子(避风性、郁闭度)。对黑熊的生境喜好程度分析发现：水源丰富、一定海拔、避风性适中、植物茂盛(乔木密度、灌木密度、乔木距离、灌木距离)、坡向向阳、郁闭度好(30 %～80 %)、坡度较大的山嵴和山坡位为其最适生境。由于人类活动增加,干扰因子(树桩密度、树桩距离、倒木距离、人为干扰距离)成为影响黑熊生境选择的重要因素。     

赤腹松鼠春季生境选择初步分析

2009年2—5月,对广西龙江河畔赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus flavimanus)的春季生境选择进行研究.共测量了101个样方,其中利用样方57个,未利用样方44个.频次分析和Mann-Whitney U检验结果表明:避风性、坡度、坡位、灌木距离、海拔、人为干扰距离、乔木距离、水源距离、乔木密度、灌木密度、坡向对生境选择无影响(P>0.05),郁闭度、食物丰富度对生境选择有影响(P<0.05).主成分分析法表明:前5个特征值的累积贡献率达到78.285%,根据载荷系数绝对值大小将赤腹松鼠春季生境选择影响因子分别命名为:隐蔽性因子(郁闭度、避风性、坡度、坡位和灌木距离)、干扰因子(海拔、人为干扰距离、乔木距离)、水源因子(水源距离、乔木密度、灌木密度)、食物因子(食物丰富度)和地理性因子(坡向).贡献率分别为26.31%、21.01%、13.44%、8.91%和8.61%.     

褐翅鸦鹃春季生境选择初步研究

2012年2～4月,对广西宜州市的褐翅鸦鹃(Centropussinensis)生境选择进行了初步研究.共测量了70个20 m×20 m样方11个生态因子,对照样方88个,运用频次分析表明:褐翅鸦鹃选择利用郁闭度良好,避风性良好,水源距离10～100 m,乔木密度4～40株,灌木密度10～100株,乔木距离<1 m,灌木距离>1 m,树径<0.4 m,人为干扰距离10～100 m,食物丰富的生境.主成分分析结果表明,前4个主成分的选择特征值均大于1,其累计贡献率达70.342%,影响春季生境选择的主要因子为隐蔽性因子,次要因子是安全性和地理性因子、食物和水源因子和干扰性因子.减少人类活动对鸟类生境的破坏是促进褐翅鸦鹃种群数量和分布增加的重要途径.     

中华竹鼠春季洞穴生境特征初步分析

对广西元宝山自然保护区中华竹鼠洞穴生境特征进行分析,野外共测量了54个10 m×10 m样方的13个生态因子,并运用频次分析和主成分分析法对中华竹鼠春季洞穴生境特征因子进行分析.结果表明:洞穴生境的主要特征为郁闭度良好,避风性良好,坡度20°～40°的斜坡,坡向以东坡和南坡,坡位中坡位或上坡位,海拔大于1 800 m,乔木密度为小于30株/样方,乔木距离为2～5 m,灌木密度为1 000～5 000株/样方,灌木距离为小于0.1 m.水源距离大于500 m,人为干扰距离大于1 000 m,食物因子良好;主成分分析结果指出前5个主成分的累积贡献率达62.779%,影响春季洞穴生境特征的主要因子为隐蔽性因子,次要因子是人为干扰因子、地理性因子、水源因子和食物因子.     

中华竹鼠(Rnizom ys sinehsis)春季洞穴生境选择初步研究

2009年1～4月,在广西元宝山自然保护区对中华竹鼠洞穴生境选择进行了研究.野外共测量了85个10m×10 m样方13个生态因子,其中利用样方54个,未利用样方31个.运用频次分析和Mann-WhimeyU检验表明:郁闭度、人为干扰距离、避风性、灌木密度、灌木距离、食物因子和海拔对中华竹鼠洞穴生境选择存在显著影响(P＜...     

陕西黄龙山自然保护区冬季褐马鸡取食生境的选择

为了解褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)冬季栖息地的特征,2006年11～12月和2007年1月,在陕西黄龙山采用样线法对褐马鸡冬季取食生境选择性做了研究.在选定的8条样线上一共测定了42个利用样方以及96个对照样方的19种生态因子.结果表明,褐马鸡冬季多偏向针叶林、阳坡和半阴半阳坡以及中下坡位.对利用样方和对照样方进行比较,发现褐马鸡冬季的利用样方以海拔低、接近水源和林边、人为干扰距离较近、乔木盖度和密度较小、乔木高度较低、灌木盖度和高度较大和隐蔽级较小为主要特征.主成分分析表明,前7个主成分的累积贡献率已经达到了78.847%,可以较好地反映褐马鸡的生境特征.第1和2主成分具有较大的信息荷载量,说明海拔、坡位、乔木密度、水源距离、人为干扰距离、乔木盖度、乔木高度、乔木胸径、灌丛盖度和灌丛高度等生态因子在生境选择中有重要作用.     

唐家河自然保护区斑羚春冬季对生境的选择

1998年3－4月和1999年1－2月，作者在四川省青川县唐家河自然保护区，应用主成分分析和判别分析的方法，对斑羚（Naemorhedusgoral）春冬季对生境的利用进行了研究。研究结果表明：影响斑羚春季生境选择的主要生态因子为人干扰度、植被型、坡位、郁闭度、水源乔木距离、乔木大小、灌木距离、坡度、灌木大小、坡度、食物丰富度、乔木密度；斑羚春冬季生境选择的分离主要表现为植被型、郁闭度、水源、坡位、坡度、乔木大小、乔木距离、灌木密度等生态因子的分离。     

白马雪山自然保护区猕猴冬季栖息地的选择

2009年12月至2010年2月,在白马雪山自然保护区格华箐对一群数量约为50只的野生猕猴冬季栖息地的选择进行初步调查。根据记录的猕猴活动位点,设置60个20m×20m的样方,测定了14个生态因子(郁闭度、地形特征、海拔、坡向、坡度、坡位、植被类型、水源距离、人为干扰、乔木数、死树情况、砍伐情况、乔木胸径、地面果实数)。主成分分析表明,格华箐猕猴冬季偏好在坡度20°～40°、郁闭度在60%～100%的山坡坡面活动;活动区间一般在海拔2 500～3 200m;比较喜欢常绿阔叶林,喜欢的乔木平均胸径>20cm;喜欢远离人群(>500m)的生境;较为偏好离水源较近的栖息环境。     

陕西黄龙山自然保护区褐马鸡秋季觅食地选择

2006年10～11月,在陕西黄龙山自然保护区对褐马鸡觅食地选择进行研究.分析表明:褐马鸡喜欢生活在针阔混交林;海拔1 200～1 400 m;小于10°的平缓坡;中坡位;山沟;乔木盖度50%～80%,乔木高度小于10 m,乔木密度小于0.10个/m2;灌丛盖度小于30%,灌丛高度大于1.5 m,灌丛密度小于1个/m2;草本盖度小于30%,草本高度小于16 cm;隐蔽级小于10%;水源距离小于300 m;林边距离小于100 m;人为干扰距离100～300 m的环境.主成分分析表明,褐马鸡觅食地选择的主要因子有4种,依次为:地形及草本植物因子(海拔、地理性、坡位、草本盖度和高度)、隐蔽因子(灌丛盖度、密度和高度以及隐蔽级)、干扰因子(水源距离、人为干扰距离、林边距离和植被类型)、食物因子(乔木直径、高度、密度和盖度).     

塔城滇金丝猴初秋对生境的选择性

2005年9月到11月初,作者在云南省维西县塔城乡格华箐对一群滇金丝猴的初秋生境选择情况进行初步调查.根据记录到的滇金丝猴活动位置设置50个20m×20m的样方,测定了12个生态因子(郁闭度、地形特征、海拔、坡向、坡度、植被类型、水源距离、人为干扰、乔木数量、死树情况、乔木胸径、地衣等级).对该群滇金丝猴初秋生境喜好程度分析表明,初秋时节,滇金丝猴喜欢在20°-40°之间的坡度、郁闭度在40%-80%之间的山坡坡面活动,活动区间一般在海拔2 700-3 300 m之间,对阔叶落叶林和针阔混交林比较喜欢,喜欢乔木的平均胸径>20 cm和远离人群(>500 m)的生境.尽管地衣是其主要食物,但对地衣和乔木数量的要求不高,对离水源的远近和活动地点有无死树无要求.对各种生态因子的主成分分析表明,前6个主成分的累积贡献率达到了78.37%,可以较好的反映初秋滇金丝猴的生境特征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with