基于计算机图像处理技术的松散砂性土微观结构定量分析方法

土体微观结构是土体宏观力学机制的反映,深入研究土体微观结构对正确评价土体工程性质具有重要的指导意义.针对松散砂性土的微观结构量化研究中存在的难题,提出了一整套样品制备方法和试验方法,基于数字图像处理技术,对土样的扫描电子显微镜图像(scanning electron microscope,SEM)进行了定量分析,并通过自主开发的程序实现了土样微观结构量化指标的快速获取和全自动处理.采用该方法能对松散的砂性土制备出符合扫描电镜观测要求并同时保持原始结构不受扰动的试样,开发的程序能对土样的SEM图像进行去除多余信息、二值化、去噪、参数统计等预处理步骤,快速获取颗粒个数、面积、形态比、表观孔隙率、分形维数等微观结构量化指标.借助统计学方法,对一些关键量化指标的分布特征进行了分析和探讨.研究结果表明,计算机图像处理技术可以高效识别土体的颗粒和孔隙形态,进行土体微观结构参数的精确提取,从而为土体微观结构的定量分析提供了有效的途径.     

浸水作用下膨胀土微观结构演化过程研究

基于扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)图像对土体微观结构特征进行定量分析是一种科学、有效的方法。目前,土体微结构分析一般是对SEM图像进行二值化处理,但是阈值的选择对结果影响较大。文章基于ArcGIS软件在三维空间中分析不同浸水时间下膨胀土的环境扫描电子显微镜(environmental scanning electron microscope,ESEM)图像,定量分析不同浸水时间下土体的孔隙率,根据孔隙率反算不同浸水时间下灰度图像二值化的阈值。通过ArcGIS软件对灰度图像进行二值化,然后提取不同浸水时间下土体的孔隙、单元体,分析不同浸水时间下其微观结构的变化,研究表明:随着浸水时间的增加,孔隙的平均面积由29.57μm2逐渐增加到60.20μm2;单元体的平均面积由129.84μm2逐渐减小到39.93μm2;单元体、孔隙的形状系数在整个浸水周期内先增大再减小;单元体的排列熵由0.987 3逐渐增加到0.998 5,表明单元体的排列越来越无序,即单元体的定向性逐渐变差。     

基于SEM方法分析干湿和冻融循环对黄土微观结构的影响

为了研究高速公路边坡坡面表层剥落成因,在某高速公路K700+200处提取Q₃原状黄土进行室内试验,并考虑季节交替对黄土微观结构的影响.研究中采用扫描电镜(SEM)分别对0次、1次、5次、10次、20次干湿和冻融循环作用后的试样进行了SEM检测,对比并分析经过不同干湿循环和冻融循环次数后所得扫描电镜图像的变化规律.利用IPP图像处理软件,对土骨架和孔隙形态进行分析,获取经过不同次数的干湿循环和冻融循环作用后的面孔隙度、平均孔径、孔径分形维数的变化规律,定量分析不同干湿和冻融循环次数后土体微观结构的变化.分析结果表明:干湿循环和冻融循环对土的微观结构有较大影响,揭示了黄土边坡坡面表层剥落与干湿循环与冻融循环密切相关.     

压灌桩桩土接触面微观结构特性模型试验研究

为探究钻孔压灌桩桩土接触面的微观结构特性,通过室内正交模型试验法,对不同水泥浆液压灌压力、水灰比、土体干密度和含水率下桩土接触面孔隙结构的扫描电镜(SEM)图像进行定性和定量分析,研究了桩土接触面的毛刺现象和孔隙微观结构参数随试验因素变化的规律.研究结果表明:毛刺现象客观存在且由桩土共同作用产生;压灌压力对试验影响最显著,干密度次之,水灰比和含水率影响较小;适当增大压灌压力和提高土体干密度可加强水泥浆液渗透及其三维网状水化产物的填充效果,降低桩土接触面土体孔隙率及孔隙数量,减弱孔隙定向性,并增加微观结构复杂程度,最终加强桩土相互作用效果及整体性,增大桩侧摩阻力.     

湿陷性黄土微观结构分析的试样制备

通过反复试制,确定了适用于湿陷性黄土微结构分析试样浸泡的溶液材料及配比;在不扰动土体结构的前提下,经过风干、浸泡、硬化、切割、研磨、抛光及镀膜等制样工序,获得了理想的黄土微结构分析试样。利用扫描电镜对所得的黄土试样进行观察,取得了一系列清晰、准确的黄土微观图像,为进一步对黄土微观结构进行定性及定量分析,揭示黄土的微观结构特征与其湿陷性的内在关系奠定了基础。     

杭州饱和软土固结过程微观结构试验研究

软土的工程特性很大程度上取决于土体内部的孔隙特征及其变化规律,为探讨软土固结过程中压缩性及其微观结构变化机理,对杭州结构性黏土进行室内固结试验,通过液氮真空冷冻干燥技术制备微观土样,借助扫描电镜试验获取微观结构图像,用计算机图像处理软件定量分析土体孔隙特征随着固结压力的变化规律,并讨论微观结构参数与土体压缩性的相关机制。结果表明:固结压力将显著改变软土的孔隙尺度、分布、排列、形态等特征,随着固结压力的增加,孔隙数先增加后减少、微小孔隙的比例增加、均一化程度提高、定向性增强、复杂程度降低;土体微观结构参数与压缩系数随着固结压力的变化规律有很好的相关性,均在固结前期显著变化,在固结后期变化趋于平缓;用土的微观结构变化解释和验证宏观试验土体的物理力学特性是可行的。     

冻融循环下纳米黏土改性滨海水泥土的微观结构

为探究冻融循环下纳米黏土对滨海水泥土微观结构的改性效果,通过扫描电子显微镜微观测试对土体微观结构变化规律进行分析,探讨了土体的微观结构定量化参数与宏观力学特征的关联性.以纳米滨海水泥土为对象,利用扫描电子显微镜和Image Pro Plus软件获取土体在0、1、5、7、9、11次的冻融循环下的微观结构特征和量化参数.结果表明:①在未冻融的环境下,纳米黏土改善滨海水泥土微观结构效果明显,孔隙明显减小.②在冻融环境下,纳米黏土在冻融循环初期对滨海水泥土微观结构的改性效果好,表现在冻融循环0～5次内孔隙面积平均减少14.3％,而冻融循环7～11次时仅平均减少4.3％的孔隙面积.通过概率密度函数的分布可知纳米黏土抑制了滨海水泥土超大孔隙的发育.③纳米滨海水泥土的压缩系数对颗粒面积变化比较敏感,颗粒的数量、不均匀系数等微观结构参数对压缩系数的影响较小.     

基于孔隙特征的天津滨海软粘土微观结构研究

利用真空冷冻干燥法,制得天津滨海新区软土不同固结压力下代表性样品,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品进行扫描观察.在此基础上系统地分析了样品SEM图像在不同固结压力下孔隙结构参数的变化规律及运用平面分形维数Dp对样品不同固结压力下土中孔隙分布状况的整体性、平均性进行了分析,且提出能够综合反映土中孔隙的大小、形态、分布、定向性等微观特征的结构性参数孔隙结构因子(pore structure factor).分析表明,土体内部孔隙的结构性参数与外部荷载之间有着良好的对应关系,在结构屈服压力前后,土体内部孔隙特征存在明显的差异.     

不同固结压力作用下黄土微观结构试验研究

为研究在不同固结压力作用下,黄土微观结构的变化规律,试验通过制备黄土试样,用电镜扫描(SEM)获取各个固结程度下黄土微观结构图像并利用IPP图像处理软件对微观图像参数计算和参数分类。结果表明:随着固结压力逐渐增大,黄土试样微观结构内部骨架单元体聚合物的连接方式,由架空孔隙向镶嵌孔隙转变,结构逐渐密实,稳定性逐渐增强;在各个固结压力作用下,孔隙数量随着孔径增大而减少,孔隙面积随孔径的增大而增大,大孔隙的变化一定程度上影响了土的工程性质;固结后土体的孔隙面积在各个角度区位分布越均匀时,土体受到的扰动越大;土体受固结扰动后,微孔隙的形状没有发生较大变化,部分小、中孔隙产生变形,大孔隙逐渐被消散,向着椭圆率更小的方向发展。     

阈值选取对黏土微结构参数的影响

为了研究闲值选取对黏土微结构参数的影响,以天津黏土为例,分析了Leica QWin系统提取扫描电镜(SEM)照片信息过程中,阈值对微结构参数的影响.分析了在最大方差阈值条件下,SEM图像在展示同一样品不同观察点微结构特征时存在的差别.研究了分形维数、各向异性、颗粒长宽比、颗粒圆度、颗粒面积以及颗粒平均灰度等微结构参数随...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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