Preparation of SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> microspheres with sodium ions and self-assembly of photonic crystals

SiO2 microspheres were prepared via a novel co-precipitation process.The Na + ions were introduced by adding sodium chloride and metal sodium in solution systems for improving surface charge of the SiO2 microspheres.And then SiO2 photonic crystals were fabricated by the vertical deposition method.The electrical properties,micromorphology and optical properties were characterized by zeta potential instrument,scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Uv-Vis-Nir spectroph...     

CoO/SnO2@NC/S复合材料的制备及其应用于高稳定性锂硫电池正极材料

To improve the sulfur loading capacity of lithium-sulfur batteries (Li–S batteries) cathode and avoid the inevitable “shuttle effect”, hollow N doped carbon coated CoO/SnO₂ (CoO/SnO₂@NC) composite has been designed and prepared by a hydrothermal-calcination method. The specific surface area of CoO/SnO₂@NC composite is 85.464 m2·g–1, and the pore volume is 0.1189 cm3·g–1. The hollow core-shell structure as a carrier has a sulfur loading amount of 66.10%. The initial specific capacity of the assembled Li–S batteries is 395.7 mAh·g–1 at 0.2 C, which maintains 302.7 mAh·g–1 after 400 cycles. When the rate increases to 2.5 C, the specific capacity still has 221.2 mAh·g–1. The excellent lithium storage performance is attributed to the core-shell structure with high specific surface area and porosity. This structure effectively increases the sulfur loading, enhances the chemical adsorption of lithium polysulfides, and reduces direct contact between CoO/SnO₂ and the electrolyte.     

Structural,morphological, Raman,optical, magnetic,and antibacterial characteristics of CeO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanostructures

In this study, CeO₂ nanostructures were synthesized by a soft chemical method. A hydrothermal treatment was observed to lead to an interesting morphological transformation of the nanoparticles into homogeneous microspheres composed of nanosheets with an average thickness of 40 nm. Structural analysis revealed the formation of a single-phase cubic fluorite structure of CeO₂ for both samples. A Raman spectroscopic study confirmed the XRD results and furthermore indicated the presence of a large number of oxygen vacancies in the nanosheets. These oxygen vacancies led to room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) of the CeO₂ nanosheets with enhanced magnetic characteristics. Amazingly, the nanosheets exhibited substantially greater antibacterial activity than the nanoparticles. This greater antibacterial activity was attributed to greater exposure of high-surface-energy polar surfaces and to the presence of oxygen vacancies.     

SiO2-Al2O3/HA空心微球的制备及相关机理研究

采用化学沉积技术在SiO2-A12O3空心微珠表面沉积羟基磷灰石获得SiO2-A12O3/HA空心微球.结果表明羟基磷灰石以颗粒状均匀地沉积在空心微珠表面,且所得微球仍具有理想的球形结构;SiO2-Al2O3/HA空心微球中除构成SiO2-A12O3空心微珠的主要组分(3Al2O3·2SiO2、SiO2)及羟基磷灰石外...     

中空二氧化硅微球的制备及其在超声成像中的应用研究

具有空心结构的纳米/微米二氧化硅微球由于其独特的性质,受到了广泛的关注,成为国内外科学家的研究热点.简要总结了中空二氧化硅微球的制备方法,对其在超声成像领域的研究进展进行了介绍,并对该领域的发展前景做出了展望,为其进一步研究提供了参考.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备新型P（AM-CO-MAA）／SnO2复合微球

以反相悬浮聚合法制备得到的P（AM—CO—MAA）为模板,通过SnCl4的Sol—gel法制备得到新型P（AM—CO—MAA）／SnO2复合微球．通过扫描电子显微（SEM）、傅立叶红外分析（FTIR）、热重分析（TG）、X-射线衍射分析（XRD）和元素分析（EA）等一系列表征手段对复合微球的表面形貌和无机物组成进行了表征。     

自组装γ-MnO2空心球的水热制备及光催化性质

在160°C的水热条件下经过6h合成了γ-MnO2的空心微米球结构,利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM)等方法对其进行了表征,结果表明空心球由单相γ-MnO2构成,其直径大约在1μm左右。进一步的紫外吸附实验说明γ-MnO2对有机染料,如甲基橙具有催化作用,这在光催化方面有潜在应用价值。     

高效率CdS/CdSe共敏化Zn_2SnO_4大孔太阳电池研究

以聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为模板,通过水热合成法制备了Zn2SnO4大孔材料。SEM显示其孔径为约200nm,壁厚约70nm,且制备成电极后大孔分布均匀,结构保持完整。然后电沉积法制备了CdS/CdSe共敏化大孔Zn2SnO4电极,EDS mapping显示CdS/CdSe在整个截面分布均匀。以多硫电对为电解液,Pt负载FTO为对电极,组装太阳电池,改变不同CdS沉积电流后,得到最高效率为1.91%。     

石墨烯包覆SnO2空心球的制备及其锂离子电池负极性能

以K2SnO3为原料,采用简单的水热反应,通过基于静电引力的自组装机制,制得石墨烯包覆SnO2空心球的复合材料.采用SEM、TEM、XRD、N2吸附等温线研究了复合材料的形貌和结构;采用电化学方法研究了复合材料的锂离子电池负极性能.结果表明,复合材料为石墨烯包覆的直径约200～300nm的SnO2空心球,比表面积为140.1 m2·g-1.当放电电流密度为158m A·g-1时,充电比容量为425 mAh·g-1,库伦效率保持为92%以上,复合材料具有良好的循环性能.     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of carbon-coated LiFePO4 hollow nanofibers

Carbon-coated LiFePO₄ hollow nanofibers as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries were obtained by coaxial electrospinning. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area analysis, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to investigate the crystalline structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the as-prepared hollow nanofibers. The results indicate that the carbon-coated LiFePO₄ hollow nanofibers have good long-term cycling performance and good rate capability: at a current density of 0.2C (1.0C = 170 mA·g-1) in the voltage range of 2.5–4.2 V, the cathode materials achieve an initial discharge specific capacity of 153.16 mAh·g-1 with a first charge–discharge coulombic efficiency of more than 97%, as well as a high capacity retention of 99% after 10 cycles; moreover, the materials can retain a specific capacity of 135.68 mAh·g-1, even at 2C.     

TiO2空心微球的制备及其在模拟太阳光下光催化降解罗丹明B活性

以钛酸丁酯为反应原料、油胺为模板剂,采用溶剂热法制备了TiO2空心微球.通过XRD、SEM、TEM、HR-TEM、N2吸附-脱附实验及FT-IR对其晶体结构、形貌、表面性质及比表面积进行了表征.在模拟太阳光下研究了TiO2对罗丹明B的光催化降解活性,并与商品TiO2(P25)的活性相比较.结果表明,空心微球为纯相锐钛矿型TiO2,球的直径处于2-5 μm之间,构成微球的初级粒子的平均粒径为10.7 nm,BET比表面积为42.95 m2/g.所制备的TiO2空心微球在2h内对罗丹明B溶液的光降解率达72％.因粒径较大而使其不易团聚,且极易回收,有利于实际应用.     

中空玻璃微球性质及其应用

 作为一种内部中空的特殊球形材料,与传统材料相比,中空玻璃微球具有独特和优异的物理化学性质,近年来受到广泛关注和研究。本文首先介绍了中空玻璃微球的概况和性质,并在此基础上全面综述了中空玻璃微球在树脂基复合材料、储氢材料、电池材料、药物载体、隔热材料、反光材料、浮力材料、炸药、水泥制品中的应用。中空玻璃微球具有低密度、高流动性、高强度等特殊的物理化学性质,可以从不同的角度改善树脂性能,从而极大地扩展了树脂基复合材料的设计和应用领域;中空玻璃微球中空的内部结构和可设计的球壁结构,提供了丰富的反应空间,为其在储氢材料、电池材料等新能源材料和药物载体方面的应用打下基础。另外,基于中空玻璃微球隔热性能好、耐高温、抗老化、密度低、折射率高、敏化性能好等优点,其在隔热材料、反光材料、浮力材料、炸药、水泥制品等领域也得到广泛应用。最后结合目前的研究现状对中空玻璃微球的未来发展和潜在应用进行了展望,并提出了可能的发展方向。     

Selective formation of tetrahedral Pt nanocrystals from K2PtCl6／PVP

Tetrahedral platinum (Pt) nanocrystals (3-8 nm) are synthesized in high selectivity (ca. 80%) from hydrogen reduction of aqueous K2PtCI6 by using polyvinylpyr-rolidone (PVP: Mw≈360000) as a protector. Morphology (TEM) measurements of the metal colloids and UV-Vis absorption of the colloidal solution are employed to monitor the tetrahedron formation during the syntheses with varying K2PtCl6/PVP ratios. The results clearly show a two-stage process for the selective formation of tetrahedral nanocrystals. Rapid nucleation and crystal formation at the early stage result in round-like crystallites and the external facet evolution in thereafter slow crystal growth leads selectively to the formation of the tetrahedrons.     

合成条件对SiO_2介孔空心微球形貌及结构的影响

以十二胺为主模板剂、聚乙二醇1000为辅助模板剂合成了具有介孔孔壁、比表面积高达951m2/g的空心二氧化硅微球(HSSM).考察了温度、浓度、溶剂等合成条件对HSSM结构及形貌的影响.实验结果表明:合成温度及溶剂对HSSM的结构及形貌影响显著;最佳的水/乙醇体积比为5∶2,此条件下可得到外表光滑、有序度高的空心微球;水/乙醇体积比高于6∶1时,空心微球形貌不规整,有序度也较低;水/乙醇体积比低于4∶3时,得到有序度良好的褶皱状形貌介孔材料;最佳的合成温度约为30～40℃,低于该温度时合成的样品难以形成空心微球结构,而高于该温度时空心微球结构将受到破坏;混合模板剂浓度增加到0.038mol/L及以上时,可以得到空心微球,否则只能得到实心微球.     

Effects of heat treatment on magnetic properties of Co–Fe-plated hollow ceramic microspheres

Functional hollow ceramic microspheres plated with Co-Fe were obtained through electroless plating technique for the application of lightweight microwave absorbers.They were treated at different temperatures by vacuum annealing method.The surface-coated hollow microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).The microwave electromagnetic loss and absorbing properties of hollow microspheres plated with Co-Fe were tested by network vector analysis.Th...     

聚苯乙烯/二氧化硅（PS/SiO2）核壳型微球及SiO2空心球的可控制备及电镜观察

采用一种简单和低成本的方法制备单分散二氧化硅包覆聚苯乙烯（PS/SiO2）核壳型纳米复合微球.首先在氨水的醇溶液中,将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）通过乳液聚合为聚苯乙烯核心,再在核心表面使正硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）水解缩聚,从而在PS微球表面包裹一层SiO2外壳.研究了氨水的用量对PS/SiO2纳米复合微球尺寸和形态的影响,利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对样品的超微结构与形貌进行表征,并探讨了其形成机理.     

Synthesis, Characterization and Calorimetry of Ni（C4H8N2O3）2Cl2

A coordination complex was synthesized from NiCl2 and dipeptide glycylglycine（GG）. It was characterized by element analysis, NMR and TG methods, and then was determined to be Ni（C4HsN2O3）2Cl2. Using an isoperibolic reaction calorimeter, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of Ni（GG）2Cl2（solid） has been determined to be -（1 674.66±2.02） kJ · mol^-1 at 298.15 K.     

Effects of Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> on the properties of ceramics from steel slag

Ferric oxide is one of the key factors affecting both the microstructure and the properties of CaO-MgO-SiO₂-based ceramics. Research on this effect is significant in the utilization of iron-rich solid wastes in ceramics. Ceramic samples with various Fe₂O₃ contents (0wt%, 5wt%, and 10wt%) were prepared and the corresponding physical properties and microstructure were studied. The results indicated that Fe₂O₃ not only played a fluxing role, but also promoted the formation of crystals. Ceramics with 5wt% of Fe₂O₃ addition attained the best mechanical properties with a flexural strength of 132.9 MPa. Iron ions were dissolved into diopside, consequently causing phase transformation from diopside and protoenstatite to augite, thereby contributing to the enhancement of its properties. An excess amount of Fe₂O₃ addition (10wt% or more) resulted in deteriorated properties due to the generation of an excess volume of liquid and the formation of high-porosity structures within ceramics.     

三维Ag/ZnO中空微球的制备及其抗菌性能

在生物高分子海藻酸钠的辅助下,采用水热合成的方法制备了具有三维分层超结构的Ag/ZnO中空微球,利用场发射扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜和光电子能谱等手段对其结构进行了表征,最后对其抗菌性能进行了研究。结构表征结果表明:所制的样品为直径3～5μm的中空微球,其球壁是由直径约100 nm、长度约1μm的Ag/ZnO纳米棒沿着其生长方向并垂直于微球表面的定向排列所组成。抗菌研究结果表明:Ag的质量分数为2.13%的Ag/ZnO中空微球复合材料表现出了协同的高效抗菌性能,其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的M IC值分别为600μg/mL和400μg/mL。     

Electromagnetic modification of faceted-faceted Ni<Subscript>31</Subscript>Si<Subscript>12</Subscript>-Ni<Subscript>2</Subscript>Si eutectic alloy

In an electromagnetic field, the morphology of a binary faceted-faceted (FF) Ni31Si12-Ni2Si eutectic microstructure and the alloy’s mechanical properties were investigated. Hardness experiments demonstrated that the solidified ingots were significantly strengthened, and the hardness was improved to 63.1 and 786.6 on the Rockwell hardness C and Vickers hardness scales, respectively. Tests of friction and wear in stirred FF eutectic alloys showed excellent anti-fatigue and anti-adhesion wear performance. Alloy changed from an anomalous microstructure to a refined quasi-regular structure, and there was an increase in the lamellar microstructure fraction. The formation process of the refined quasi-regular microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties were investigated.