钯-铜-稀土催化一氧化碳和苯乙烯交替共聚反应

利用乙酸钯、乙酸钕和对甲苯磺酸铜组成的催化体系催化一氧化碳和苯乙烯共聚，合成聚1-氧代-2-苯基丙撑（STCO）．用红外光谱、元素分析和X射线光电子能谱对共聚物进行表征、结果表明，产物为一氧化碳和苯乙烯的交替共聚物．同时研究了催化体系的配比、2，2’-联吡啶和对甲苯磺酸铜的用量以及不同的稀土盐和单体对体系催化活性的影响．此外，对催化剂的复配进行了对比实验．实验结果表明，以钯为主催化剂，并加入适量稀土盐与对甲苯磺酸铜，同时优化催化体系各组分的配比，可以有效地提高催化活性，降低STCO的成本．     

功能化聚苯乙烯树脂负载钯催化剂在聚酮合成中的应用

采用苯乙烯与二乙烯基苯交联合成聚苯乙烯树脂微球,通过一系列反应后得到表面接枝双齿氮的功能化树脂微球.以负载有乙酸钯的功能化树脂微球组成的催化体系催化一氧化碳和苯乙烯共聚合成聚酮.利用红外光谱和扫描电镜对树脂负载催化剂及聚合产物进行了表征.研究了催化体系中各组分用量及反应时间对共聚反应的影响.结果表明,树脂负载催化剂对聚酮合成反应具有较好的催化性能:当树脂用量为0.5 g、乙酸钯为22.4 mg时,聚酮产量达8.6606 g.     

离子液体作用下CO与苯乙烯的交替共聚反应

在室温离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐的作用下,利用2,2′-联吡啶、氟硼酸和乙酸钯组成复配催化体系催化一氧化碳和苯乙烯共聚,合成了聚(1-氧代-2-苯基丙撑).利用元素分析、示差扫描量热、热质量分析及红外光谱等方法对共聚产物进行了表征.同时,考察了钯复配催化剂在离子液体中对一氧化碳和苯乙烯交替共聚的重复性,使用4次后钯复配催化剂仍有催化活性.通过对比发现在聚合过程中钯复配催化剂的催化效果明显优于加入2,2′-联吡啶和乙酸钯二者混合物的催化效果.分析了离子液体的用量对催化活性的影响,在最优条件下钯复配催化剂对一氧化碳和苯乙烯交替共聚的催化活性可达3.49×103g/(mol.h).     

溶剂对MMA-BA-AA聚合物溶液的合成及性能的影响

研究了在溶液聚合中溶剂的种类,质量对ＭＭＡ－ＢＡ－ＡＡ体系的溶液聚合动力学,聚合物溶液的稳定性、粘度、聚合物的特性粘数、分子量及分子量分布、玻璃化转变温度等性能的影响,实验结果表明,在溶液聚合中,溶剂的选择至关重要,在良溶剂体系中,体系的聚合速率快,聚合物溶液的稳定性好、粘度小,聚合物的综合性能较好;溶剂的最佳用量为２５％－４０％。     

钯碳催化苯乙烯与CO共聚反应研究

为研究以合成聚酮高分子寻找高效廉价的催化体系,制备了5%的活性碳负载钯多相催化剂,并首次将其用于催化苯乙烯与CO共聚合成聚酮(PK)的反应中.采用红外光谱、元素分析、13CNM R和热重分析等手段对苯乙烯/CO共聚产物的结构和性质进行了表征.分别讨论了在钯碳催化剂作用下,含氮配体以及助催化剂强酸等因素对共聚反应的影响,并评价了钯碳催化剂在苯乙烯与CO共聚反应中的循环使用效果.实验结果表明,在温度为65℃,CO压力为3.0M Pa的条件下,当使用2,2′-联吡啶为配体,三氟甲基磺酸为助催化剂时,钯碳催化苯乙烯与CO共聚反应的活性可达4.65×103g PK/(m o lPd.h),共聚产物的重均分子量(Mw)可达9.32×103g/m o l,数均分子量(M n)可达5.23×103g/m o l.     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成癸二酸二乙酯

应用对甲苯磺酸催化癸二酸和乙醇的酯化反应,合成了癸二酸二乙酯.研究结果表明,对甲苯磺酸对酯化反应具有较高的催化活性.考察了带水剂种类、癸二酸和乙醇摩尔比及催化剂用量对酯化率的影响.当癸二酸、乙醇和对甲苯磺酸的摩尔比为1∶8∶0.32时,以环己烷为溶剂,回流分水60 m in,酯化率达96.9%.     

磺化聚芳醚酮酮树脂催化合成氯乙酸甲酯

以交联的聚芳醚酮酮和20%发烟硫酸合成磺化聚芳醚酮酮（S-PEKK）树脂并用于氯乙酸和甲醇的催化酯化,最佳条件：醇酸摩尔比为2.5:1,S-PEKK用量为8g/mol聚乙酸,回流时间4h,反应温度为90～110℃,酯化率可达93%,S-PEKK具有催化活性好、可循环使用等特点。     

聚己二酸乙二酯的合成及其与聚乳酸的共混研究

分别采用对甲苯磺酸与钛酸丁酯两种催化剂,通过缩聚反应制备了脂肪族聚酯——聚己二酸乙二酯(PEA)。研究了催化剂的种类和用量对PEA分子量的影响,考察了PEA样品对聚乳酸力学性能的改性效果。结果表明,两种催化剂用量相同时,钛酸丁酯的催化效率高;用钛酸丁酯做催化剂时,最佳用量为酸的摩尔量的1‰;用对甲苯磺酸做催化剂时,最佳用量为酸的摩尔量的5‰;不同分子量的PEA对PLA改性效果不同,采用较高分子量的PEA与聚乳酸(PLA)共混,在PEA含量达到10%之后,可以取得较好的改性效果。     

磺化聚芳醚酮酮催化合成苯乙酸β-苯乙酯

以交联的聚芳醚酮酮和发烟硫酸（含SO3 20％）合成了磺化聚芳醚酮酮树脂，并用于苯乙酸β-苯乙酯的催化酯化，最佳条件β-苯乙醇12．22g，催化剂用量为1．0g，反应温度为145－155℃，反应时间为4．5h，酯化率达90．5％，催化剂易回收且可重复使用。     

聚（苯乙烯—丙烯酰胺）三氯化铁配合物的合成及其催化活性

制备了不同功能团和不同金属含量的聚（苯乙烯－丙烯酰胺）三氯化铁配合物。红外结果表明，功能团通过羰基氧配位。初步考查了高分子载体配合物对丁二烯聚合的催化活性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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