重庆市耕地利用变化与粮食安全分析

以基于耕地利用的粮食安全为视角,对近年来重庆市粮食安全度及其与耕地利用变化的关系进行了研究与分析.应用"基于耕地利用的区域粮食安全评估指标"中的粮食安全度公式,对重庆市1997—2005年的粮食安全进行粮食安全度的计算与修正,并采用统计学软件SPSS对耕地利用变化(数量、质量及其利用情况)与粮食安全的关系进行相关性分析.研究结果表明重庆市耕地利用的变化与粮食安全的变化具有趋同性,即当耕地面积减少、耕地单产下降时,粮食安全度的等级也随之改变.耕地面积、耕地质量及其利用状况是影响重庆市粮食安全的重要因素.从耕地利用变化的驱动因素入手,为重庆市的耕地保护提出了促进土地整理复垦、开发,节约集约用地;增强农业综合生产能力,保障粮食安全;科学规划生态退耕等对策.     

广西邕宁县耕地变化态势与粮食安全综合评价

该文分析了近20年来邕宁县耕地资源的动态变化,对邕宁县粮食安全供需态势进行了详尽的剖析,在此基础上建立粮食安全指标体系,并对其进行评价和结果分析,提出实现耕地总量动态平衡和解决粮食安全问题的对策．     

山地城市粮食安全对耕地多功能时空演变的响应研究——以重庆主城都市区为例

为促进山地城市的稳定可持续发展,以典型山地城市重庆主城都市区为研究区,解析区域粮食安全对耕地多功能时空演变的响应关系。研究借助GAZE、InVEST、GIS等模型,测算了2000—2020年研究区耕地的生产、生态、景观游憩和社会保障功能值,并利用热点分析法(Getis-Ord Gi*)分析了耕地各项功能在时空上的演变特征,然后利用Pearson秩次相关系数检验粮食安全对耕地多功能时空演变的响应关系。研究结果显示：1) 2000—2020年研究区耕地减少了5 677.76 km2,年均减少283.9 km2,从耕地各功能空间分布看,各功能空间分布有明显差异;2) 从耕地各功能热点区变化看,耕地生产、生态功能总体呈下降趋势,2000—2010年降幅较大总体在14%～22%,2010—2020年降幅减小总体在10%;社会保障功能呈先下降后缓慢上升的趋势;景观游憩功能总体呈上升趋势,升幅约为10%;3) 2000—2020年研究区粮食安全与耕地生产、生态以及社会保障功能协同发展,但耕地景观游憩功能的无序拓展对粮食安全造成不利影响。上述结果提示：为保障研究区粮食安全,需严守“耕地红线”,防止耕地过度转化;同时也需适当控制耕地景观游憩等“非农化”“非粮化”功能;在确保区域粮食安全前提下,提高山地城市的耕地利用率、提升耕地效益。     

甘肃省耕地资源变化与粮食安全问题研究

本文在分析1978-2007年间甘肃省耕地资源数量及质量变化的基础上,以人均GDP为解释变量,对甘肃省2010年耕地面积进行了预测。计算得到了保障粮食安全的耕地数量底线。认为在不出现异常情况下,从总量上来看,甘肃省的粮食安全问题短期内不会太大,但仍要注意未雨绸缪,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

基于Lindo模型的济南市粮食安全与耕地保护研究

粮食安全是一个地区战略安全的蘑要组成部分，而耕地保护源于粮食安全问题．本文在对济南市人口、粮食单产、粮食消费结构以及城乡居民健康饮食结构进行合理预测的基础上运用简便灵活的Lindo模型对20lO年济南市的耕地数量和种植结构进行模拟一结果显示，到达2010年济南市耕地数茸应达到37．236万hm^2才能满足基本的粮食安全．与2003年相比较。粮食作物和蔬菜的种植面积逐渐减少，水果、油料作物、棉花等的种植面积都需要有不同程度的提高，这种种植结构的变化基本符合济南市城乡居民饮食结构的调整在此基础上进一步提出了济南市进行耕地保护的5项措施，为济南市耕地保护提供可行性参考．     

论我国耕地保护现状与对策

我国耕地保护形势随着经济社会持续较快发展而愈发严峻,给国家粮食安全、经济增长和社会稳定带来严重隐患.通过对破坏耕地危害性的分析,提出了耕地保护的对策和建议.     

基于耕地压力指数的临夏市粮食安全状况研究

本文以耕地压力指数作为测度粮食安全程度的指标,在临夏市1987年至2010年耕地、人口、粮食动态变化的基础上,分析了最小人均耕地面积和耕地压力指数的变化,并对此提出了相应的建议。     

退耕规模与粮食安全问题协调关系探讨——以武隆县为例

退耕规模与区域粮食安全问题之间的关系一直是社会关注热点之一。为了描述退耕规模与区域粮食安全问题协调之间的关系,文章采用耕地压力指数模型,并修订其相关参数,系统地探讨了退耕规模影响区域粮食安全的问题。结果显示:近15年来研究区域人口数量总体呈稳中上升趋势;耕地数量具有先下降再上升的特点,但人均耕地面积数量略有下降;粮食总产量基本稳定,但易受到耕地面积数量和自然灾害的影响;对比未退耕假设,退耕还林工程较明显地影响了研究区耕地压力指数变化。因此,在深入推动退耕还林(草)工程过程中,应从区域的耕地压力指数距阈值大小来进行调控,这对于平衡退耕还林(草)工程规模与耕地压力关系有重要的现实指导意义。     

咸宁市耕地资源安全问题及其对策研究

耕地资源作为农业生产乃至国民经济发展的基础,耕地资源安全直接关系到国家的粮食安全、社会经济发展、政治稳定和生态安全。在阐述耕地资源安全概念、内涵和特征的基础上,分析了咸宁市耕地资源安全存在的问题,并提出了相应的安全保障对策。     

基于粮食安全的黑龙江省耕地压力时空特征分析

以黑龙江省为研究区,分析了2000—2013年黑龙江省耕地资源数量、粮食产量的变化特征及变化原因;运用最小人均耕地面积与耕地压力指数模型,测算了14年间黑龙江省及13个地级市的耕地压力指数,分析了黑龙江省耕地压力与粮食安全水平的时空变化特征.结果表明:(1)2000—2013年,黑龙江省耕地资源数量变化呈现出不同的变化趋势:2000—2002年耕地资源数量缓慢减少,2002—2006年耕地资源数量迅速增加,2006—2013年耕地资源数量平稳增长.(2)2000—2013年,黑龙江省粮食总产、粮食单产与人均粮食产量均在波动中上升,变化趋势趋同.(3)2000—2013年,黑龙江省耕地压力总体呈下降趋势,其中2003年气候发生变化,粮食产量大幅减少,耕地压力上升,粮食安全因此而出现不安全的趋势;其余年份耕地压力逐年下降,粮食安全态势良好.(4)2013年黑龙江省13个地级市(含副省级市)的耕地压力存在较大差异,其中森工城市大兴安岭地区和伊春市耕地压力最大,煤炭型城市鹤岗市和七台河市耕地压力较小,其他城市基本无耕地压力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to