响应面法优化狭鳕鱼鱼皮酸溶性胶原蛋白质的提取工艺

【目的】优化狭鳕鱼(Theragra chalcogramma)鱼皮中酸溶性胶原蛋白质的提取工艺,为实际生产提供工艺数据和理论依据。【方法】在乙酸浓度、提取时间和料液比的单因素实验基础上,以酸溶性胶原蛋白质提取率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken设计实验,建立提取率的二次多项式回归模型,考察3个因素对提取率的影响。【结果】对酸溶性胶原蛋白质提取率的影响为料液比提取时间乙酸浓度;交互项中"料液比-提取时间"项对提取率影响极其显著,"料液比-乙酸浓度"项对提取率影响显著,其他交互项对提取率影响不显著;通过实验数据结合回归模型进行数学分析,得到提取狭鳕鱼鱼皮酸溶性胶原蛋白质的最佳工艺参数:乙酸浓度0.5mol/L、提取时间40min、料液比1∶9。在优化参数条件下,酸溶性胶原蛋白质提取率的理论预测值为20.53%,实测值为20.10%;试验提取得到的胶原蛋白电泳图谱较为清晰,无杂条带出现。【结论】该回归模型合理可行,提取的产物基本保持了胶原蛋白质的原有结构。     

微生物注浆固化粉土的微观结构与作用机理

【目的】确定微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积(MICP)技术注浆固化吹填粉土的强度效果,明确其微观控制因素与固土作用机理,为微生物固土技术应用于处理吹填粉土提供理论参考。【方法】通过不同注浆轮次微生物注浆固化吹填粉土,采用无侧限抗压试验、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析、压汞分析以及化学分析等方法,比较微生物注浆固化处理吹填粉土的强度、矿物成分、胶结CaCO₃含量、土体微观形貌和土体孔径分布等差异。【结果】 对吹填粉土先后恒压注入A₆₀₀=1.2的巴氏芽孢杆菌和0.1 mol/L的CaCl₂与尿素胶结溶液1～6轮后,其无侧限抗压强度较未处理土分别提高26.8%、33.0%、36.4%、39.6%、59.8%、61.8%,强度随注浆轮次的增加而增加; 微生物固化吹填粉土中的主要胶结物为方解石型CaCO₃,其在土体内部起到胶结土颗粒与填充孔隙两方面作用,微生物注浆固化粉土强度随CaCO₃含量增加而增加并存在敏感阈值,当固化粉土中的CaCO₃含量超过阈值时,固化效果会显著提升,不同粉土的阈值存在差异; 微生物注浆加固改变了吹填粉土的孔隙分布,直径10～300 μm的孔隙显著减少,对10 μm以下细小孔隙影响不大。【结论】采用微生物注浆方式固化吹填粉土是有效的。微生物注浆固化粉土的强度形成受其微观胶结结构与CaCO₃含量影响,吹填粉土的孔隙尺寸能够与巴氏芽孢杆菌的菌体尺寸相容,微生物注浆会显著减少吹填粉土中10 μm以上的孔隙。     

桔皮燕麦膳食纤维代餐粉的研制

将桔皮粉、燕麦粉、脱脂奶粉、木糖醇混合调配,以桔皮燕麦膳食纤维代餐粉的感官评价作为指标,研究了桔皮燕麦膳食纤维代餐粉产品中各种主要原料及辅料的添加量对产品感官评价数据的影响;通过单因素实验以及正交实验得到桔皮燕麦膳食纤维代餐粉的最优调制配方分别为桔皮粉添加量0. 1 g(0. 59%),燕麦粉添加量10 g(58. 48%),脱脂奶粉添加量4 g(23. 39%),木糖醇添加量为3 g(17. 54%);通过配方研制出的桔皮燕麦膳食纤维代餐粉的润湿下沉性及速溶型较好,结块率较低,产品的理化性质也较好。     

甲醇中胆固醇溶液标准物质的研制

【目的】研究甲醇中胆固醇溶液标准物质的制备方法。【方法】运用重量-容量法采用胆固醇纯度标准物质和甲醇制备甲醇中胆固醇溶液标准物质,采用配制值作为标准值,运用液相色谱法对研制的标准物质进行均匀性、稳定性检验和量值核验。【结果】研制的甲醇中胆固醇溶液标准物质具备很好的均匀性,分别贮存于4℃和60℃条件下7d内短期稳定性合格,在16个月内长期稳定性良好。【结论】研制的甲醇中胆固醇溶液标准物质符合国家二级标准物质的要求,标准值为200μg/mL(Urel=2%,k=2),可用于测量仪器的校准、测量过程质量控制及分析方法确认和评价。     

抗幽门螺杆菌便餐粉配方优化及其体外抑菌研究

为制备抗幽门螺杆菌便餐粉,将实验室制备的高免蛋液(由Ure B、BabA2和Fla A免疫产蛋鸡后制备而成,含Ure B-BabA2-FlaA-IgY)通过喷雾冷冻干燥技术获得高免蛋粉。在原有配方的基础上,通过单因素实验研究木糖醇添加量、麦芽糊精添加量和高免蛋粉添加量对便餐粉品质指标(休止角、堆积密度、结块率、流动性、挂壁)的影响。在单因素实验基础上,以口感评分为指标,通过正交试验设计获得便餐粉最佳组合。通过间接Elisa法分析便餐粉的效价稳定性,将便餐粉与幽门螺杆菌菌液共培养,测定OD_(600)值分析其抑菌效果。结果表明当麦芽糊精添加量为20%、木糖醇添加量为10%、高免蛋粉添加量为15%时,便餐粉的品质最佳,37℃条件下,便餐粉效价在4个月内无显著性变化,60 mg/m L的便餐粉可有效抑制幽门螺杆菌的生长。成功研制出抗幽门螺杆菌便餐粉。     

添加剂对甘蔗梢叶青贮营养价值的影响

【目的】考察不同添加剂对甘蔗梢叶青贮营养价值的影响,为甘蔗梢叶高饲料化利用提供参考依据。【方法】采用单因素实验法考察尿素、糖蜜、乳酸菌液的添加和三者混合添加对甘蔗梢叶青贮营养价值的影响。【结果】不同的添加剂均能改善甘蔗梢叶青贮的营养品质。当尿素添加量为0.5%(W/W)时最佳,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别提高34.68%和61.27%,半纤维素和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)分别降低10.67%和6.23%,差异极显著(P0.01);当糖蜜添加量为15%(W/W)时最佳,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别提高20.42%和36.42%,纤维素、NDF和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)分别降低54.04%,28.30%和45.72%,差异极显著(P0.01);单独添加乳酸菌对青贮影响不明显,差异不显著(P0.05);同时添加0.5%(W/W)尿素、15%(W/W)糖蜜和5%(W/W)乳酸菌液青贮效果最佳,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别提高85.92%和69.36%,纤维素、NDF和ADF分别降低38.94%,17.92和33.44%,差异极显著(P0.01)。【结论】在甘蔗梢叶青贮时,同时添加尿素、糖蜜和乳酸菌,能有效降低其粗纤维含量,提高消化利用率。     

鲨鱼皮胶原蛋白肽的成分分析及对血管紧张素转化酶活力的影响

以鲨鱼皮为原料,采用现代生物化学技术制备胶原蛋白肽水解液,经过喷雾干燥,获得鲨鱼皮胶原蛋白肽干粉.对获得的胶原蛋白肽样品进行成分分析,测定了粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分、灰分以及K、Na、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Pb等金属元素的含量,应用氨基酸自动分析仪测定样品的氨基酸组成,并用化学分析法测定羟脯氨酸含量为7.08%,应用MALDI-TOF分析胶原蛋白肽分子量的分布,表明我们得到的鲨鱼皮胶原蛋白的水解产物胶原蛋白肽的分子量主要分布在2～3 ku,为水溶性多肽混合物.研究鲨鱼皮胶原蛋白肽对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制效应,表明该样品对ACE有较强的抑制作用,其IC50为4.8 mg/mL.本文还探讨了鲨鱼皮胶原蛋白的吸湿性和保湿性.     

浒苔虾丸配方的优化

【目的】将营养价值高的浒苔(Ulva prolifera)添加到虾丸中制成浒苔虾丸,丰富虾丸品种,提高其营养价值。【方法】通过单因素和正交试验,确定浒苔虾丸的最佳配方。【结果】浒苔虾丸的最佳配方为鱼糜虾糜比6∶4,浒苔粉6%,淀粉10%,蛋清蛋白6%,大豆分离蛋白3%,氯化钙0.3%。【结论】所得的浒苔虾丸产品色泽诱人、弹性良好、风味独特、营养丰富,是一种老少咸宜的方便食品。     

菲律宾蛤仔酶解液脱腥工艺研究

以菲律宾蛤仔为原材料,选用胰蛋白酶对菲律宾蛤仔进行酶解,采用粉末活性炭联合安琪高活性干酵母脱腥,最佳脱腥条件为先添加1.5%的安琪高活性干酵母,30℃发酵反应1 h,离心过滤后再用粉末活性炭脱腥,其添加量为1.0%,温度30℃,时间30 min,pH 4,脱腥液中游离ANN含量为2.878 mg/g,损失率为7.9%,基本上没有腥味,含有酵母所特有的香味,脱腥液颜色比较澄清。     

苦瓜、滁菊、花红复合饮料的研制

为了探讨苦瓜、滁菊、花红复合饮料的最佳工艺,本文采用单因素试验设计研究苦瓜汁、滁菊提取液、花红汁与木糖醇的最优添加量,比较不同稳定剂对复合饮料稳定性的影响,以苦瓜汁、滁菊提取液和木糖醇添加量进行均匀试验,测定产品的理化、卫生和感官指标。实验发现最佳工艺配方为:苦瓜汁添加量18%,滁菊提取液添加量8%,花红汁添加量15%,木糖醇添加量8%,复合稳定剂添加量0.3%,饮料感官综合评价最优得分为95.7分,所制复合饮料感官、理化和卫生指标俱佳,对其工业化生产有一定的指导意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with