Flexible free-standing polyaniline/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite electrode with good capacitance performance and shape memory behavior

The increasing demand for portable and flexible energy storage devices drives the development of flexible electrodes and electrolytes. The aim of this work is to fabricate the flexible free-standing polyaniline/poly(vinyl alcohol)(PANI/PVA) composite electrode with good capacitance performance and shape memory behavior. The electrodes were fabricated by chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline in porous PVA(P-PVA) films. The morphology, electrochemical and mechanical properties of PANI/P-PVA...     

Salt effects on formation of microcrystallites in poly(vinyl alcohol) gels prepared by cast-drying method

The preparation method of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) gels by a simple cast-drying technique using salt solutions was reported in the present investigation.The effects of the salt concentration on the macro- and microscopic properties were examined in detail,and the relationships between macroscopic properties,such as swelling ratio,mechanical strength,and the network microstaicture were presented.It was found that the swelling ratio of PVA cast gel increased largely by adding a small amount of salt, and de...     

Biodegradable starch/poly (vinyl alcohol) film reinforced with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Biodegradable starch/poly (vinyl alcohol)/nano-titanium dioxide (ST/PVA/nano-TiO₂) nanocomposite films were prepared via a solution casting method. Their biodegradability, mechanical properties, and thermal properties were also studied in this paper. A general full factorial experimental approach was used to determine effective parameters on the mechanical properties of the prepared films. ST/PVA/TiO₂ nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of mechanical analysis show that ST/PVA films with higher contents of PVA have much better mechanical properties. In thermal analysis, it is found that the addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles improves the thermal stability of the films. SEM micrographs, taken from the fracture surface of samples, illustrate that the addition of PVA makes the film softer and more flexible. The results of soil burial biodegradation indicate that the biodegradability of ST/PVA/TiO₂ films strongly depends on the starch proportion in the film matrix. The degradation rate is increased by the addition of starch in the films.     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/氧氟沙星共混无纺布的制备及体外释放研究

以静电纺丝法制备了具有抗菌性能的壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/氧氟沙星共混无纺布,测定了共混无纺布的力学性能,通过红外光谱(FT-IR) 、X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结构性能进行了表征,选出了载药量较大、力学性能较好(壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇质量比为7,氧氟沙星质量分数为4%)的共混无纺布,在不同pH值的缓冲溶液中对其进行了体外药物释放实验。结果表明,所得的无纺布纤维直径均匀,平均为200nm。聚乙烯醇可以改善氧氟沙星/壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混无纺布的力学性能;氧氟沙星在壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜中有良好的相容性;氧氟沙星在pH为7.40的缓冲溶液中达到释放平衡时需要6h。     

Influences of poly (vinyl alcohol) molecular weight and carbon nanotubes on radiation crosslinking shape memory polymers

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) of two molecular weights was used to prepare shape memory polymers based on chemical-crosslinking by glutaraldehyde. The chemical-crosslinking was done in the presence of 2-carboxyethyl acrylate oligomers (CEA) and nano-filler [multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-NH2)] followed by radiation-induced crosslinking. The analysis of the material revealed an increase in the gel fraction and a significant reduction in swelling of the nanocomposite material that was crosslinked with both glutaraldehyde and ionizing radiation. The radiation crosslinked nanocomposites demonstrated approximately a 90% gelation over a range of 50–300 kGy irradiation doses. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed a homogeneous distribution of nanocomposites in the composite matrix. The thermal properties of radiation crosslinked (PVA/CEA) and (PVA-CEA)-nano-fillers were investigated by a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The mechanical properties were examined via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) which showed significant variation because of the addition of nanocomposites. This radiation crosslinked materials show good shape memory behavior that may be useful in many applications based on the range of temperatures at which Tan δ appears.     

聚乙烯醇渗透汽化分离膜的研究进展

在描述聚乙烯醇(PVA)成膜工艺制取不同类型的分离膜以及PVA膜的改性处理技术的基础上,给出了PVA膜渗透汽化(PV)分离有机物/水、有机物/有机物混合物的性能,讨论了交联剂、复合膜的支撑膜、高分子网络结构等对膜分离性能的影响,并分析了PV操作参数如料液浓度、操作温度等对分离性能的影响。提出了PVA膜在今后研究开发中的3个方向。     

Incorporation of hydroxyapatite in crosslinked gelatin/chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) hybrids utilizing as reinforced composite sponges,and their water absorption ability

The crosslinked gelatin/chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/hydroxyapatite(GEL/CTS/PVA/HAp, GCPH) sponges were fabricated by a freeze-drying method to yield the reinforced composite sponges with proper features. The porosity value and pore size of the crosslinked GCPH sponges reached ～80% and 50–100 μm, respectively, which can be an appropriate range to allow cells to migrate into the reinforced composite sponges in the tissue engineering technology. Besides, the proper bonding presence between HAp par...     

聚乙烯醇-b-聚苯乙烯嵌段星形聚合物的制备

通过CCl₄调聚反应制备出了末端带有氯原子的聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc),进一步引发苯乙烯原子转移自由基聚合得到聚醋酸乙烯酯-b-聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(PVAc-b-PSt),此嵌段共聚物与偶联剂二乙烯基苯反应后醇解,得到了聚乙烯醇-b-聚苯乙烯星形嵌段共聚物(PVA-b-PSt)_n。分别以GPC,¹H-NMR及FT-IR对各步反应产物进行了表征,聚醋酸乙烯酯比较完全地引发苯乙烯进行原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),聚合物相对分子质量与单体转化率呈线性关系,证明聚合过程为活性聚合;以二乙烯基苯偶联PVAc-b-PSt,得到了星形共聚物,并出现了星形共聚物之间的偶合;醇解过程进行比较完全,¹H-NMR及FT-IR谱图表明酯基团已较完全地转变成羟基。     

Effect of Added Poly （vinyl pyrrolidone） during Condensation on Properties of Poly（p-phenylene terephthalamide）Pulp

Poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) pulp was prepared by polycondensation of the p-phenylene diamine (PPDA) with terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) in the completely anhydrous solvent system of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) having calcium chloride, in the presence of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) having a viscosity average molecular weight lower than 40 000. It was confirmed that the polycondensation could be accelerated, the inherent viscosity of the polymer could be increased, and the polymers could be fibrillated more easily by the addition of the PVP. FTIR and X-ray spectra proved that PVP had not combined into molecular chains of the resultant PPTA pulps. The morphology of the resultant pulps, the effect of viscosity average molecular weight, amount and adding mode of PVP on inherent viscosity, specific surface area,and mean length of the resultant pulps were discussed in detail. And the friction and wear properties of the compound reinforced by the resultant pulps were simply investigated.     

傅里叶红外光谱法研究高分子共混物的相容性

用红外光谱法研究了在聚乙烯醇（PVA）和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）共混物中氢键的相互作用．根据相应的特征峰在共混前后的变化，证明了PVP分子中的碳基同PVA中的羟基之间存在强烈的氢键相互作用，它们是这两种高聚物能完全互溶的主要原因．     

Compatibility of Soybean Protein and Poly (vinyl alcohol)

IntroductionTheuseofsoybean ,peanut,zeinandothervegetableproteinsasinexpensivefibermaterialstoreplacewoolandsilkcanbetracedbackto 1930s.Earlyin 1935 ,theItalianfirm ,SniaViscosa ,beganlarge scaleproductionofcaseinfibers[1] .Shortlyafterward ,ICIinEngland produced peanut proteinfibersknownasArdil.CoCornProductRefiningmanufacturedzeinproteinfiberin 1939.Theseusesofseedmealsintoindustryenhancethevalueoftheagriculturematerial.Thelargeintroductionofpetroleum basedfibersduring 194 0sand 195 0s…     

医用聚氯乙烯的表面磺酸化及抗凝血性能研究

利用SO2/O2混合气体等离子体处理医用聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜，在材料表面引入磺酸基，借助X射线光电子能谱和ATR-FTIR光谱对膜表面的组成及结构进行表征，通过动态凝血实验以及凝血酶原时间、部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间的测定，对聚氯乙烯膜的抗凝血性能进行评价．实验结果表明，等离子体处理聚氯乙烯膜可以在材料表面有效地引入磺酸基，显著提高材料的抗凝血性能．     

聚氯乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与力学性能

选用钠基蒙脱土和2种烷基季铵盐(十八烷基季铵盐和双十八烷基季铵盐)改性的蒙脱土，采用熔融共混的方法制备聚氯乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，并通过广角X射线衍射和透射电镜对复合材料的结构进行了表征．研究了蒙脱土种类和用量对复合材料力学性能的影响．结果表明，3种复合材料均具有插层型结构，钠基蒙脱土用量在ω＝0．5％-7．0％，有机蒙脱土用量在20＝0．5％-3．0％时，复合材料的综合力学性能均有明显提高；有机蒙脱土用量ω＞5．0％以后，材料的力学性能降低，热稳定性变差．     

高强度PAM/PVA互穿网络水凝胶的合成

以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为基体,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为增强体,采用两步水溶液聚合法合成具有较高机械强度的PAM/PVA互穿网络水凝胶.研究PVA、交联剂用量对PAM/PVA互穿网络水凝胶拉伸强度及伸长率的影响,探讨水凝胶的应力松弛及析出PVA对水凝胶的增韧机理.实验表明,制备的互穿网络水凝胶具有较高的机械强度和韧性,最高拉伸强度为2.4 MPa,伸长率为3 000%.最后,采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X-射线衍射(XRD),对PAM/PVA互穿网络水凝胶的结构与形貌进行表征.     

聚醋酸乙烯酯的醇解研究

选择氢氧化钠溶液作为催化剂，对聚醋酸乙烯酯的醇解工艺进行了探讨．结果表明：氢氧化钠溶液的浓度、滴加速度以及悬浮剂的存在与否等都影响聚乙烯醇的醇解度．通过控制NaOH溶液浓度、滴加速度，可以调节PVA醇解度，但很难得到醇解度90％以下的PVA．悬浮剂的存在有利于制备低醇解度的PVA，并对悬浮醇解工艺进行了探讨。     

聚长链饱和脂肪酸乙烯醇酯的合成

DMF作溶剂进行溶液反应,制得酯化度较高的聚十四酸乙烯醇酯和聚十六酸乙烯醇酯。DSC和偏光显微镜测定表明,它们是球晶较大的结晶性高聚物。     

纳米稀土(Eu~(3+),Tb~(3+))三元配合物的制备和荧光性质

为了探索形貌和尺寸对配合物荧光性质的影响,以聚（乙烯基吡咯烷酮）为表面活性剂,制备了两种纳米稀土三元配合物[Eu（BA）3phen和Tb（acac）3phen]．采用元素分析、透射电镜、红外吸收光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、X射线粉末衍射及X射线光电子能谱对所制备的纳米配合物进行表征．结果表明,所制备的配合物为纳米颗粒,聚（乙烯基吡咯烷酮）的存在能有效地抑制配合物团聚而形成大的颗粒．对纳米稀土配合物的荧光性质研究发现,在紫外光激发下,这两种纳米配合物能分别发射Eu^3＋和Tb^3＋离子的特征荧光,而且纳米配合物的荧光性能优于相应的普通配合物．     

聚氯乙烯/蒙脱土复合材料的动态热降解动力学

采用热重分析仪研究了聚氯乙烯(PVC)／蒙脱土复合材料的热降解过程，比较了钠基蒙脱土(MMT)和烷基季铵盐改性的有机蒙脱土(OMMT)对PVC热稳定性和PVC热降解过程的影响．采用Friedman法研究了PVC和PVC／MMT(OMMT)复合材料的热降解动力学，并计算得到其表观活化能Ea．结果表明，在PVC热降解第一阶段，MMT和OMMT均能提高PVC的热分解温度和减少质量损失，从而提高PVC的热稳定性；PVC和PVC／MMT(OMMT)复合材料的Ea基本相近；MMT和OMMT对PVC的热降解速度有影响，但并没有改变PVc热降解机理．     

聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对萘普生片释放度的影响

采用自由基溶液聚合方法制得聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）和聚丙烯酸（PAA）均聚物．将PVP和PAA简单混合制备物理混合物,通过旋转蒸发法制备PAA／PVP复合物,分别以PVP、PAA均聚物、物理混合物、复合物为载体制备药物（以萘普生为模型药物）片剂,采用固体分散技术制备以PAA、PVP为载体的萘普生片．考察这些药片在人工胃液和人工肠液中的释放度,以研究它们输送药物的特性．结果表明：与PVP、PAA均聚物和物理混合物相比,PAA／PVP复合物作为药物载体能使萘普生具有肠溶包衣片的性质;而且提高载体中PAA的比例可使萘普生的释放速率减缓．     

F127质量分数对PVB/F127体系动态流变学行为的影响

采用动态流变仪研究聚醚F127质量分数对聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)/聚醚F127/聚乙二醇(PEG200)共混体系动态流变学性能的影响。研究结果表明:该体系表现出假塑性流体的特征;复数黏度、动态储能模量、动态损耗模量随F127质量分数的增加而增大;非牛顿系数随聚醚F127质量分数的增加而减小;损耗因子随剪切频率的增加先增加后减小,随聚醚F127质量分数增加,内耗峰峰值减小且剪切频率降低;体系的黏度随温度的变化符合Arrhenius方程式,聚醚F127质量分数的增加使体系的黏流活化能显著增加。