纤维束断裂过程中的临界现象

研究了纤维束断裂过程中的不稳定点。在不稳定点，任何小的断裂都可能引发大的断裂事件。根据不同的断裂性质，将不稳定点分为三类：临界点、亚临界点和准临界点。具体构造了一个单纤维强度阈值分布函数，由这样的纤维组成的纤维束将展示上述几种临界现象。给出了相应的计算机数值模拟结果。     

纤维再生微粉水泥基复合材料断裂性能分析

基于三点弯曲试验,研究水胶比、再生微粉取代率、纤维种类对纤维再生微粉水泥基复合材料(FRPCC)断裂性能的影响.根据双K断裂参数分析各因素对FRPCC的增韧效果,并结合微观形貌分析各因素对FRPCC韧性的改善机制.结果表明：水胶比增大使纤维再生微粉水泥基复合材料失稳韧度先升高后降低;断裂韧度随着再生微粉取代率提升呈现先增后减的趋势;单掺玄武岩纤维(BF)会使FRPCC脆性增加,聚乙烯醇纤维(PVA纤维)占比增大能够明显提升FRPCC的断裂韧度;当水胶比为0.28、再生微粉取代率为45%、复掺0.2%玄武岩纤维和1.7%PVA纤维时,微观结构紧密,断裂韧度最优.     

纤维弱节的力学特征与判定

纤维弱节是造成纤维力学性能退化和纤维品质下降的主要原因。这里采用单纤维拉伸和形态轮廓观察结合的方法，对羊电纤维弱节的力学行为进行表征。提出了用纤维细节处的平均断裂应力σ^-和断裂应变ε^-，作为纤维弱节的判断的依据。并对羊电的细节断裂、弱节断裂，非弱节(正常)断裂的概率作了实到和理论计算，其结果分别为印％、奶％和印％。这征明作者采用的单纤维性能分析仪(SIFAN)法和显微图像加单纤维强力仪(OM XQ)法的实用性与有效性。     

电子辐照苎麻纤维引起结晶度和力学性能的变化

用BF-5直线加速器提供的电子束对苎麻纤维织物进行了0~500kGy范围不同剂量的辐照,使苎麻纤维的结晶度发生变化,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对辐照苎麻纤维的结晶度进行测试分析.并用材料万能试验机对辐照苎麻纤维织物的断裂强力、断裂伸长量等力学性能进行测试.研究表明:苎麻纤维的结晶度随辐照剂量增大而明显下降,苎麻纤维织物断裂强力、断裂伸长量均随辐照剂量增大而下降;苎麻纤维织物力学性能下降与电子束辐照降低了纤维结晶度有关.     

活性粉末混凝土断裂力学性能

介绍了活性粉末混凝土(RPC)的由来、特性、工程应用和开发情况.通过三点弯梁研究了RPC和聚丙烯纤维RPC的断裂性能,得出了纤维的体积掺量对断裂能、延性指数、断裂韧度等各种断裂参数的影响规律.     

紬丝包芯纺纱的探索

本文介绍了一般的包芯纱,包绕纱中纤维的组合形式、纺纱方法及成纱特点。在此基础上介绍了(纟由)丝包芯纺纱的工艺、试验所用的材料、成纱品质及其与(纟由)丝的比较。从而指出(纟由)丝包芯纱兼备了(纟由)丝和化纤长丝的特点。因此,(纟由)丝包芯纺纱有继续探索的必要和可能。     

基于断裂声波形分析的断裂纤维识别与计数

束纤维拉伸断裂时发出的声信号,可以用来表征束纤维的断裂行为,但拉伸过程中同步产生的噪声会干扰对断裂声信号的判断.为了精确求出束纤维拉伸试验中在某一时刻或某一伸长时的断裂根数,提出了基于小波变换和波形分析的方法来区别纤维断裂声和噪声.对比了不同波形参数区分断裂声和纤维噪声的效果,并提出了复合参数M,试验结果验证了采用M参数临界值所得的断裂纤维总数判定准确,误差率小于5%.根据纤维断裂时间可以计算出单纤维断裂伸长率分布.因为不受纤维强度离散的影响,较之基于束纤维强伸曲线计算的结果,其具有更高的可靠性和准确性.     

单向纤维复合材料中纤维断裂诱发应力分布的有限元分析

采用有限元方法,对单纤维断裂引起的局部应力集中进行了分析,讨论了纤维体积百分含量对应力传递的影响.结果表明:断裂纤维引起的应力扰动具有明显的局部特征,即邻近的第一根纤维承担裂纹释放的主要载荷,离断裂位置越远,应力集中程度越小;同时应力集中程度随着纤维体积百分含量的提高而加剧.     

织物起球与纤维力学性能的关系

在影响织物起球性能的各种纤维性能中，除纤维的几何形态（线密度、截面形状、长度等）之外，经过测试研究分析筛选出来的主要影响因素是纤维的重复弯曲疲劳强度、重复扭转疲劳强度、拉伸断裂相对强度、拉伸断裂伸长率和拉伸初始模量．后者与织物的手感也有很密切的关系．本文研制了学纤维重复弯曲疲劳测试仪、单纤维重复扭转疲劳测试仪，优选了它们的测试条件参数，先后测试了绵羊毛，山羊绒、马海毛等纤维和２０余种化学纤维的性能，并经过优选工艺，对由１３种纤维纯纺或混纺生产的７种毛型梭织物进行了起球规律的测试、试穿和研究，发现在研究中织物的穿着起球效果与客观测试中随摩擦次数球粒数变化的曲线下积分值相关最密切．最后对纤维五种力学性能与织物起球曲线下积分值进行了主成分析和多元回归分析，获得了由纤维力学性能评价织物起球性能的预测方程式．     

胡麻纤维结构和性能的研究

作者用电子显微镜法、X 射线衍射法、密度法和光学双折射法等,研究了山西胡麻和东北亚麻的组织形态结构、大分子聚集态结构和结晶结构,并进行了纤维物理机械性能的测试。分析结果证明两种纤维的组织形态结构略有差异。单纤维根、中、梢不同部位的平均支数,胡麻为3.28dtex(3046支),亚麻为3.29dtex(3042支)。胡麻纤维的断裂强度、断裂伸长率和模量分别为61.08 cN/tex(6.92g/d)、3.62%和1835.63 cN/tex(207.98 g/d)。该值与亚麻纤维的对比测试值差异不大。     

细丝开清工艺参数与工艺效果的试验

本文通过考查紬丝纺开清机械的若干工艺参数,对除杂效率和提高吹净绵的质量作了某些探讨,通过比较有系统的试验和数据分析,得出了较优的工艺参数,它对今后提高细丝质量具有一定的参考和使用价值。     

THE PRACTICE OF ROTOR SPINNING IN PRODUCING SILK NOIL YARN AND THE DEVELOPMENT IN WOVEN FABRICS AND KNITTED GOODS

At present, we have succeeded in producing silk noil yarn by rotor spinning, and obtained good economic benefits. In this paper, through combining with the recent producing practice, systematically discussing and analysing the technology in the process of producing silk noil yarn by rotor spinning, we develop the new technology which is suited to produce silk noil yarn by rotor spinning, and address several noticable problems. The conclusions have been put into practice and proved to be effective and reliable. It can be consulted by the textile mills.     

精梳落棉质量及精梳条短绒的控制

论述了精梳落棉的工艺 ,讨论了落棉数量与落棉质量的控制及关系 .从多个角度提出了控制精梳落棉数量、提高精梳落棉质量、减少落棉中可纺纤维比例的措施 .介绍了国际上新型精梳机及控制精梳落棉质量的一些做法 .     

涤纶长丝单丝拉伸性能与复丝拉伸性能的比较

本文比较了涤纶长丝的单丝拉伸与复丝拉伸的断裂强度、断裂伸长及分布和初始模量。复丝的峰值断裂强度总是小于单丝断裂强度,但本文提出一种方法,可以通过复丝拉伸试验推得单丝断裂强度。复丝拉伸时,其中单丝的断裂伸长平均值与单丝拉伸时的断裂伸长平均值十分接近。但两者的分布相差很大。复丝的初始模量与单丝的相同。     

苎麻落麻纤维丙烯腈接枝共聚的研究

对丙烯腈与苎麻落麻纤维在硝酸铈铵引发下的非均相接枝共聚合反应进行了研究讨论了接枝率与接枝温度、铈离子浓度、单体浓度的关系;比较了苎麻落麻纤维接枝前后与树脂的接触角及吸水率的变化结果表明,接枝纤维的亲油性增强,亲水性减弱.     

SOME END-USES OF PURE RAMIE NOIL ROTOR YARNS

In the previous studies, the optimum technological combination has been obtained for producing coarse pure ramie noil yarns on rotor spinning system currently. Because of no yarn properties standard available at present for suchlike yarns, it is considered necessary to analyse the acceptability of coarse pure ramie noil rotor-spun yarns in terms of yarn properties before their products being developed. By the aid of a hypothetical concept "pure ramie noil ring-spun yarn", this paper draws the conclusion that the coarse pure ramie noil rotor-spun yarns are condsidered acceptable to a great extent; furthermore, it introduces 5 kinds of woven fabrics and 3 kinds of knitted fabrics successfully designed and developed from those yarns.     

THE INFLUENCE OF COMBING ROLLER SPEED ON PURE RAMIE NOIL ROTOR YARN QUALITY AND SPINNING PERFORMANCE

This paper reports the optimum design of combing roller speed with reference to yielding 6-13 Ne(98.4—45.4 tex) pure ramie noil rotor-spun yarns. The universal rotatable composite design is adopted to get the highly precise regression equations, in which the variables are combing roller speed and yarn linear density considered to be the main technological parameters of combing roller and, the responses are the evaluation indexes concerning spinning stability, fiber length distribution of fibre ring from rotor groove and yarn properties. Based on these regression equations, the contours are plotted to analyse the influences of the parameters on the evaluation indexes; the optimization multicriteria mathematical model is simultaneously established to obtain the optimum parameters with the aid of Object Programming Approach along with Constrained Random Ray Method. Finally, an experiment is carried out to further test the acceptance of the calculated optimum values. It is shown that, for any yarn linear density within 6—13 Ne (98.4—45.4 tex), combing roller speed varying from 5000 to 9150 r/min affects content of extra-long fibre in fibre ring from rotor groove and yarn properties but does not significantly influence spinning stability; 7075 r/min, at which the SAQ-12 type of saw-toothed combing roller runs, is recommended to be the optimum combing roller speed for producing 6—13 Ne (98.4—45.4 tex) pure ramie noil yarns, where a compromise is achieved among the lowest content of extra-long fibre in fibre ring, the best spinning stability and the best yarn properties.     

FUZZY DECISION-MAKING OF COMBING ROLLER COVERING FOR SPINNING PURE RAMIE NOIL ROTOR-SPUN YARNS

This paper deals with the types and specifications of combing roller covering for spinning pureramie noil rotor-spun yarns.A handling mode combining Fuzzy Decision-making and FuzzyCluster Analysis has been used for analyzing the experimental results.It is shown that,with regard to the specifications of the sawtooth clothing of the combing rol-ler,large working angle,large tooth pitch,fine tooth shape,short tooth height,smooth finish andgood wearability are of benefit to improving the spinning stability and the spun yarn properties.The pinned combing roller,however,regardless of its complicated process of production,is sug-gested to be preferred for spinning the pure ramie noil rotor-spun yarns.The handling mode used in this work is efficient in improving the reliability and objectivity ofthe conclusions and can be used for solving the similar problems.     

苎麻纯落麻转杯纺假捻盘磨损研究

本文通过转杯纺在运转条件下加工苎麻纯精梳落麻的磨损试验方法,对表面镀铬及渗硼假捻盘进行了磨损试验。通过观测各假捻盘磨损前后的体积变化以及表面形貌扫描电镜照片,分析了各假捻盘的磨损机理,得出渗硼假捻盘耐磨性优于镀硬铬假捻盘的结论,建议在生产实践过程中对渗硼假捻盘进一步考察应用。