崂山林场不同密度赤松林的生长差异研究

研究了崂山林场不同密度下赤松人工林的生长差异性以及胸径与冠幅的相关性。不同密度下赤松人工林径阶分布呈现先增后减的趋势,随着林分密度的增大,胸径生长量显著减少,径阶比例减少;赤松人工林的平均树高、枝下高以及冠幅均呈上升趋势。在不同密度的赤松林分之间,树高生长差异不显著,枝下高差异显著,胸径差异极显著。赤松人工林的冠幅随着林分密度的增加而逐渐减少,但冠幅的椭球体积与之相反;通过分析得到二次多项式方程作为赤松人工林胸径与冠幅的最优关系模型,并求出方程关系式,为林业生产提供依据。     

日本落叶松人工林密度效应的研究

用18a连续测定资料，对不同密度中幼龄日本落叶松人工林生长情况进行了分析研究，结果表明：密度对林分平均树高生长有一定影响，但没有明显的规律，差异不显著；林分的平均胸径和单株材积随密度的增加而减少，其中胸径在1－6a差异不显著，10－14a差异达极显著水平；林分蓄积量则随密度的增加而增大，各密谋间存在显著差异，8－14a差异极显著。     

石棉县云南松人工林经营密度管理表的编制

通过对四川省石析县云南松人工林立木胸径与冠幅关系、高径生长过程的研究,探讨其理论密度、理论蓄积和适宜经营密度,编制了经营密度管理表,可供云南松人工林经营参考。     

欧美杨幼林密度作用特性初探

采用Ｎｅｌｄｅｒ环形设计原理进行田间试验设计，应用定性和定量相结合的分析方法，通过对欧美杨密度试验林定株连续测定材料的分析，揭示了密度作用的有关特性。结果表明，对于林木个体，密度作用具有非均衡性，其影响程度顺序为：冠幅〉胸径〉材积〉树高；对于林分，密度作用可使林分平均胸径降低，林木分化程度减弱；密度作用是一个随林龄、林地空间等因素而变化的动态过程，作用效应具有持续积累性，但其连年作用程度却有随年龄     

恩施州柳杉人工林碳汇储量研究

对恩施州柳杉人工林碳汇储量进行了研究,结果显示:柳杉生物量与胸径大小密切相关,全树生物量50%以上集中在树干,各组份生物量分配大致呈现树干>树根(含桩)>叶>枝的趋势.本地区柳杉生物量与胸径、树高的关系模型为W=254.519 7D2.161 4,或W=42.877 2(D2H)0.939 0,采用胸径分布代替年龄结构的方法推算,恩施州柳杉人工林生物量为4 055 704.557 t,碳汇储量为2 038 397.11 t.     

不同造林密度对杂交相思生长的影响

为了找出杂交相思人工林合理的种植密度,以达到较佳经济效益,笔者选用5种不同密度,采用单因素、随机区组设计进行杂交相思密度试验。对经过5年的观测资料进行分析表明:杂交相思不同造林密度对胸径、材积的生长有一定的影响,随着密度增大,胸径、单株材积表现出与密度间的负相关,每公顷833株林分的平均胸径为107 cm,每公顷1 666株林分的胸径为9.6 cm;每公顷833株和1 000株林分的5年生林龄时平均单株材积较高,分别为0057 566和0.051 79 m3;5年生每公顷1 666株的林分材积为63.922 1 m3,分别比其他4种密度林分的高190%、52.0%、58.3%和103.3%。造林密度对树高生长无显著影响。     

长白落叶松人工林密度表的编制及应用

采用不同林龄长白落叶松人工林的60株优势木数据建立林分饱和密度模型,编制了经营密度表,再利用26块密度近似于合理经营密度的不同生长阶段样地的平均胸径增长量、径阶分布和总蓄积量的分析,评价以经营密度表指导抚育间伐的过程及效果。结果表明:随平均胸径的增大林分密度不断减少,方程N=3 847.345 1e-0.082D适用于预估林分密度,编制的经营密度表反映了0.6～0.8郁闭度下长白落叶松各个生长阶段的最适林分密度。26块模拟样地的间伐前密度为2 883株/hm2,经历3次间伐后的林分平均密度分别为2 000、1 400和1 000株/hm2,最终成熟林的平均林分密度为600株/hm2,树冠竞争因子为416.33,总蓄积量为242.12 m3/hm2,大径材比率达59.26%。     

林分密度和起源对不同年龄序列巨尾桉人工林生长及生产力的影响

通过分析6种林分密度和2种林分起源下1～7 a生巨尾桉(Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla)人工林的林分平均树高、胸径、单株材积和每hm²蓄积量的总生长量、平均生长量和连年生长量，探索一定密度范围内巨尾桉的最适林分密度和起源方式，揭示林分密度和起源对林木生长和生产力的交互影响特征，为提高巨尾桉人工林培养质量和可持续经营提供理论参考.结果表明：1)随着林龄的增加，平均树高、胸径和单株材积的增长幅度逐渐减小，而每hm²蓄积量增幅在造林后期有所提高，4 a时达到数量成熟；2)各林龄下，随着林分密度的增加，平均树高、胸径和单株材积总生长量减小，超过2 a时林分密度1 050株/hm²的总生长量显著(P<0.05)高于其他林分密度，每hm²蓄积量则在1 800株/hm²下显著高于其他林分密度；3)植苗林的生长和生产力显著高于萌芽林，1 050和1 650株/hm²适合植苗林的树高、胸径生长和单株材积积累，1 800株/hm^2...     

同仁地区青杨速生丰产林几种常用造林密度对生长的影响

在同仁县隆务河两岸选用四种不同株行距密度 ,开展青杨林适宜栽培密度与其生长关系的研究。结果表明 :青杨在生长过程中 ,平均冠幅随栽培密度的增大而递减 ;胸径生长与冠幅大小呈正比 ;林分的高生长随着栽培密度的增大而增高。在该地区 ,青杨植林密度以 2m× 4m和 4m× 6m的株行距较适宜。     

日本落叶松人工林生物量及生产力的研究

在长岭岗国营林场调查了日本落叶松人工林林分24块标准地，并测定了单株平均木的各器官生物量，结果表明：应用W=a（D^2H）^b模型来估测日本落叶松人工林生物量，其相关程度达显著水平；日本落叶松人工林单株林木各器官的生物量随年龄变化符合理查德（Richards）生长方程；日本落叶松人工林单株林木生物量年平均生长量在26a时达到顶峰；日本落叶松人工林林分生物量24a时达293．40t／hm^2，生产力为20．78t/（hm^2．a）．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that