纳米Co粒子的制备及在硅油基磁性液体中的应用

以锌粉和氯化钴为原料，采用化学法制备纳米Co粒子。采用透射电镜考察工艺条件对生成的Co粒子粒径及晶貌的影响。通过对不同粒径Co粒子的筛选，确定了用于制备磁性液体的适宜粒径。纳米Co经表面活性荆改性后与适量的纳米Fe3O4胶粒混合，用过渡液进行复舍包覆，使用超声波振荡和机械分散的方法将其分散于2-甲基硅油中，得到硅油基复合磁性液体。用振动样品磁强计测定样品的饱和磁化强度。研究结果表明：在反应物浓度一定的条件下，Co粒子的晶貌主要由反应温度决定；对Co粒子粒径影响最大的是反应温度，其次是搅拌转速，反应时间对Co粒子粒径的影响不大。Co粒子用作磁性液体基体材料的适宜粒径约为10．88nm，晶貌主要为六面体和棒形。复合磁性液体的饱和磁化强度比Fe3O4磁性液体的饱和磁化强度提高21％以上。     

碳纳米管内包覆Fe/Co粒子的磁性能

采用自制的装置,通过阳极弧光放电法制备了内包覆Fe/Co磁性纳米粒子的碳纳米管(CNTs).利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、拉曼散射光谱和X射线衍射(XRD)对其进行表征,用振动样品磁强计(VSM)检测得到其磁学性能参数.TEM测试表明,CNTs杂质少,管径均匀一致,CNTs内包覆的物质均匀、连续,且为Fe/Co粒子.磁学性质的测量表明, CNTs的磁学性能较包覆前有了很大的改善,其比饱和磁化强度ós为17.30A·m2·kg-1,比剩余磁化强度ór为3.96A·m2·kg-1,矫顽力Hc为31521.60A·m-1.     

炔基修饰Fe3O4磁纳米粒子的合成及其“click”环加成反应

Fe3O4磁纳米粒子的炔基修饰包括：纳米磁性Fe3O4粒子的制备,硅胶包覆Fe3O4磁粒子,氨基修饰硅胶包覆的磁粒子,炔基修饰氨基修饰后的磁粒子.并采用苄基叠氮与所制备的炔基修饰磁Fe3O4纳米粒子进行click环加成反应.通过SEM、BET、XRD和VSM分别对Fe3O4和硅胶包覆Fe3O4的表面形貌、比表面积、晶型结构和磁性能进行表征;利用UV-Vis对磁性Fe3O4粒子表面的炔基进行半定量分析;采用FTIR对产物表面基团做定性分析.结果表明,Fe3O4磁纳米粒子平均粒径为180±20 nm,粒子呈球     

氨基硅烷化磁性纳米粒子的制备与表征

采用化学共沉淀法,以FeCl3.6H2O和FeSO4.7H2O为原料制备磁性Fe3O4纳米颗粒,采用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)偶联剂对其进行修饰,获得表面氨基化的磁性Fe3O4纳米复合颗粒。通过FTIR、TEM、TGA、VSM和氨基测定等分析手段对其结构和性能进行了表征,分析了硅烷试剂使用量对磁性纳米复合微球磁性能和包覆率的影响。结果表明:APTES成功包覆到磁性纳米粒子表面,包覆层随着硅烷用量增加逐渐趋于完整并增厚;当硅烷用量较少时,随着用量的增加,磁性能略有提高,而当硅烷用量达到一定值之后,继续增加用量,磁性能降低。     

导向药物用纳米Fe3O4磁性粒子的制备及表征

采用化学共沉淀法先生成Fe3O4微粒,再将其分散于含有表面活性剂的水中的方法制备了纳米级Fe3O4磁性粒子.通过双层表面活性剂包覆可使Fe3O4磁性粒子稳定分散于水中而不聚集.在反应溶液pH值为11～12,温度为60℃及油酸钠为第1层表面活性剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠为第2层表面活性剂的条件下制备了粒径为36nm的Fe3O4磁性粒子.实验结果表明:反应溶液pH值和表面活性剂是影响Fe3O4磁性粒子稳定性、粒径和饱和磁化强度的主要因素;利用XRD和IR证实了Fe3O4磁性粒子中存在Fe3O4和表面活性剂结构.所制备的纳米级Fe3O4磁性粒子可用作导向药物的磁载体.     

磁性Fe3O4明胶复合纳米粒子的制备与表征

用化学共沉淀法制备磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子,然后用异丙醇为凝聚剂采用单凝聚法制备磁性Fe3O4明胶复合纳米粒子。考察了明胶浓度与异丙醇的体积以及Fe3O4含量对粒径分布及性能的关系。采用透射电子显微镜和Zetasizer粒度分析仪测量磁性明胶复合纳米粒子的平均粒径,X射线衍射仪和红外光谱以及热重及差热分析进行结构和热稳定分析。结果表明磁性Fe3O4明胶复合纳米粒子中的Fe3O4纳米粒子被明胶所包覆,而且粒径很小,具有良好的热稳定性。     

磁性纳米粒子制备及其在印染厂污水处理中的应用

 选取聚合物包覆Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子作为超导磁分离污水处理工艺中的磁种,扩大超导磁分离技术在污水处理领域的应用范围。常温条件下合成Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS),高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对制备的磁性纳米粒子性质进行评价。结果发现,磁性纳米粒子直径在6～10nm,表面被含有羧基的聚合物分子链包覆,且在常温下磁性纳米粒子显示超顺磁性。随后以印染厂污水为对象,检验磁性纳米粒子对污水处理的能力。本研究主要比较污水处理前后的浊度和化学需氧量（COD值）,结果显示聚合物包裹Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子可有效去除印染厂废水中的污物。     

Fe2O3/油酸纳米复合粒子的结构及性能表征

采用油酸作为包覆剂，在油／水两相体系中制备Fe2O3／油酸纳米复合粒子，并用XRD、FTIR、XPS、TG—DIA和纳米粒度分布仪对所制得的纳米复合粒子进行了结构表征。结果表明，Fe2O3／油酸纳米复合粒子是非晶态、窄粒度分布的，其粒径在12nm左右。Fe2O3／油酸纳米复合粒子具有憎水亲油性，能在甲苯、环己烷等有机溶剂中很好地分散。FTIR和XPS证明Fe2O3与油酸之间发生了化学键合。将Fe2O3／油酸纳米复合粒子按不同比例加入高氯酸铵(AP)中，并对样品进行差热分析，发现Fe2O3／油酸纳米复合粒子能使AP的高温分解峰温明显降低，且比例越大，高温分解峰温的降低的也越多。     

核壳型碳-铝复合纳米粒子的制备及其抗氧化性能研究

纳米铝粉由于具有较小的粒径和较高的比表面积因此在含能材料中具有很大的潜在应用,但由于纳米铝粉的高化学反应活性,因而其对所处环境特别敏感,极易在空气和潮湿环境中被氧化而失去活性.碳包覆技术是近年来采用的新型纳米粒子包覆技术,是指在金属纳米粒子表面形成碳包覆层从而可有效地保护纳米粒子不受环境的影响而发生氧化反应或者其它反应,同时也为研究封闭环境中纳米材料的性质提供了一种新途径.本文采用碳弧法制备了碳包铝复合纳米粒子,研究影响其形貌的因素和室温抗氧化性能.结果表明：碳弧法制备的碳铝复合物是20～60nm之间的具核壳结构的球形纳米粒子,内核为fcc结构的Al,外壳为4～10层类石墨碳膜 碳铝比例、放电电压和反应气压都能对碳铝复合纳米粒子的包覆性能和粒径产生直接的影响.铝含量低时碳层包覆性能较好并且粒径较小,铝含量增大包覆性能会下降、纳米粒子粒径会随金属含量增加而增加 包覆性能随放电电流反应气体压强增大会有所下降,在200A时纳米粒子的粒径达到最大值 粒径随反应气压增大而增大.当金属含量为60%、电流为125A、惰性气体气压为0.06MPa时制备的碳铝纳米粒子包覆比较完整,粒径较小,通过对工艺参数调整和优化,可制备出包覆比较完整、大小均匀、粒径较小、纯度高的核壳型碳包铝纳米粒子.     

羧甲基壳聚糖磁性纳米复合物的制备与表征

采用共沉淀法制备纳米四氧化三铁磁性粒子，通过一步包埋法将四氧化三铁磁性纳米粒子用羧甲基壳聚糖进行直接包覆，制备羧甲基壳聚糖磁性纳米复合物。透射电镜观察表明：该磁性纳米复合物呈球状，平均粒径为11．6nm；Zeta电位和粒度分析结果表明：其粒度分布比较窄，平均粒径约为12nm，与电镜观察结果一致；红外光谱和热分析结果表明：Fe3O4表面成功地包覆了羧甲基壳聚糖。将该磁性纳米复合物应用于鸡血细胞基因组DNA的分离，结果表明：该磁性纳米复合物非常适合于基因组DNA的分离纯化，避免了传统苯酚一氯仿法中有毒试剂的使用，能够显著简化整个DNA的纯化制备过程。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that