Sur la caractérisation de dérivés guanidiques d'origine biologique par électrophorèse et chromatographie sur papier (chromatoélectrophorèse)

Summary Paper chromatography has been used in conjonction with electrophoresis in a perpendicular direction (chromatoelectrophoresis), in order to characterize various guanidoderivatives of biological interest and also citrulline. The isolation of definite spots can be obtained with a satisfactory selectivity by this procedure, at a higher speed than by bidimensional chromatography; and the use of a few coloured reactions (ninhydrine,Sakaguchi, diacetyle--naphtol andp-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde) on the same electrochromatogram has been successfully practised in this field.     

Etude immuno-électrophorétique de l'uromucoïde

Summary Concentrated normal urines were investigated by an immuno-electrophoretic technique using specific antiserum directed against uromucoid (=Tamm andHorsfall's urinary mucoprotein).A single precipitation line was observed, which, however, presented two distinct maxima. The faster antigen appeared to be situated between albumin and ₁-globulin, while the slower antigen seemed to be ana ₂-globulin. Both antigens were immunologically identical with uromucoid, although the latter had been eliminated by salt precipitation from the urines used in this experiment.The above findings can best be explained by assuming the occurrence of a polymer series of uromucoid, of which the lower members would be soluble in 0.58M NaCl, while the higher terms would representTamm andHorsfall's mucoproteinsensu stricto. It is suggested that cylindroids and nubecula represent visible forms of uromucoid.     

Analyse immunoélectrophorétique de la gonadotropine choriale humaine

Summary The purity of human chorionic gonadotropin showing an activity of 12,000/mg, is confirmed by immuno-electrophoretic analysis. Characteristic antigenic properties of this hormone are revealed by this method.     

Dosage de la procaïnestérase sérique par spectrophotométrie différentielle

Summary A method is proposed for dosage of serum procainesterase by differential spectrophotometry, based on the decrease of the optical density at 295 mµ in the course of the hydrolysis.     

Les glycoprotéines sériques dans le granulome expérimental provoqué par la carrageenine

Summary We studied serum glycoproteins in rats and guinea pigs during the development of granulomas, provoked by carrageenin injection. In rats total serum sialic acid was raised as well as sialic acid soluble in sulfosalicylic acid and haptoglobin. The rise of these 2 fractions, seromucoid and haptoglobine accounts quantitatively for the rise of the total sialic acid. In guinea pigs total serum sialic acid was unchanged, but sulfosalicylosoluble sialic acid as well as haptoglobin were much higher than basal values. Quantitatively the serum glycoprotein reaction was much higher in rats than in guinea pigs.     

De l'action radio-protectrice exercée sur la muqueuse rectale par la cystéamine administrée par voie générale et par la cystamine administrée par voie intra-rectale

Summary The authors studied the lesions observed in the rectal and vaginal smears of the rat after a local irradiation of the rectum. They observed that an injection of cysteamine before the irradiation strongly diminishes the ratio of damaged rectal and vaginal cells. A local treatment with cysteamine in the rectum before and during the irradiation diminishes only the ratio of damaged rectal cells.     

L'électrophorèse sur papier des protéines hydrosolubles du cristallin

Summary By using paper electrophoresis, the authors succeeded in demonstrating different protein fractions in human and animal lenses.Qualitative and quantitative differences were noted in different animals, between the cortical and the nuclear areas of the lens, and also according to age.

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Chargé de Recherches du Fonds national de la Recherche scientifique.     

Réaction immunoallergique provoquée chez le rat par l'injection d'extraits chauffés de la tumeur de Walker

Summary When repeatly injected to Fisher Inbred rats, boiled Walker tumour extracts induced non specific and specific reactions; non specific reactions being catabolism, thymus involution, adrenal hypertrophy and perturbation of serum proteins relative distribution. The specific reactions attributable to the presence of the specific tumoral antigen in the tumour extracts are immunoallergic arthritis, liver and spleen hypertrophy, acceleration of serum albumin electrophoretic migratory rate and the apparition of the specific antigen in the liver.

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Travail subventionné par l'Institut du Cancer du Canada.     

Propriétés phytobiologiques de la sérotonine

Summary The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamin) which shows a slight influence upon the growth of plant tissues, acts upon water uptake by regulating cellular permeability (latter is activated in the case of K⁺).     

L'absorption du facteur «L.E.» par des noyaux cellulaires isolés

Summary The serum containing the L.E. factor loses its activity after having been put in contact with isolated cell nuclei. The electrophoretic examination shows a clear diminution of the gamma globulin and a slight diminution of the globulin alpha 2. That the factor responsible for the L.E. phenomenon can be absorbed by isolated cell nuclei is an argument in favor of the hypothesis that this factor is a substance having the character of an antinuclear anti-body, without one being able to exclude with certitude the possibility that this factor is an enzyme.     

L'endocrinologie des invertébrés

Sans résumé     

Dégénérescence rétinienne expérimentale provoquée par le fluorure de sodium

Zusammenfassung Die Einspritzung von NaFl beim Kaninchen verursacht Netzhautveränderungen, welche derRetinitis pigmentosa ähnlich (Fundus, ERG, Histologie), aber auf einen Bezirk beschränkt sind.     

Inhibition de la cancérogenèse spontanée chez les souris R III et AkR par des implants de tissus cancéreux modifiés

Summary (1) After a 24-h passage in a rabbit, fragments of spontaneous isologous mammary carcinoma were implanted under the skin of young R III females. This procedure was found to prevent the appearance of spontaneous mammary tumours in a high percentage of these animals. The subsequent appearance of carcinoma was to be observed in only 23% of treated animals as compared with 51% in controls.(2) After a 24-h passage in a rabbit, fragments of leukotic isologous tissue, implanted subcutaneously in young AkR females, reduced subsequent spontaneous leukomogenesis from 85 to 38%.     

Végétativisation de l'œuf de l'oursin par la Phénazone

Summary Phenazone employed in various concentrations on the eggs of the sea urchin,Paracentrotus lividus, has a powerful vegetalizing effect on their development. The role of the interference between phenazone and synthetic process of specific proteins is considered.     

Adsorption de protéines par les plaquettes sanguines

Summary When brought into contact with radioactive albumin, the blood platelets adsorb this protein firmly, thus proving the existence of intensive surface phenomenon at the level of these elements.     

Hypertension expérimentale et protéines sériques

Summary The authors investigated the distribution of serum proteins, especially the ₂ fraction, in rats with artificially induced hypertension (A), in similar rats made normotone by choline-free diet (B), and in a control group (C). A rise in the ₂ fraction of groupA andB was found, without a significant change of the other serum proteins.     

Quelques problèmes physiologiques posés par leSalmo Salar. Intérêt de l'étude de lasmoltification type de préparation au comportement migratoire

Summary The author considers some physiological problems raised by particularities of the physiological cycle ofSalmo salar L. about which he and his fellow-workers have produced new data (especially those brought out by the physiological, normal fasting so particular to the adultS: The synchonic fasting of Mislin).He insists on the importance, for studies on the physiological mechanism of migrations and from the methodological point of view, of the following feature of the young Salmon in fresh water: a transformation which, in the population studied (S. s. of Adour waters), is so characteristic of and tightly bound to the preparation to catadromic migration that it marks the subjects ready for migration and makes it possible to particularise the new physiological conditions accompanying the phenomenon of migratory instinct (activation of thyroid and interrenal function, of some pituitary neurosecretions and secretions, metabolic changes ). By studying simultaneously: smoltified but not yet migrant fishes, smolts during migration, and a salmonid fish subjected to a current in conditions simulating those of migrating smolts, it is now possible to begin to distinguish the physiological features bound to the preparation for migration, from those resulting from migratory activity.     

Les transformations des nucléoides deEscherichia coli déclenchées par les rayons X

Summary In order to obtain further knowledge on the action of radiation on living cells we studied the nuclear transformations ofE. coli after exposure to X-rays. Three different phenomena could be observed; One is producting the polychromosomal form of nucleoids, and is reversible. The second, which is probably a rapid lethal effect, expresses himself by the vesicular form of the nucleoids. The third is only concerned with very high doses. The hypothesis, that the fragmentation of nucleoids may be directly related to induction of lysogenic cells is postulated.     

Végétalisation de l'œuf de l'oursinParacentrotus lividus par le chloramphénicol

Summary Chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, causes a strong vegetalization of whole larvae of sea urchinParacentrotus lividus. Combination of chloramphenicol and lithium causes a stronger vegetalization than either of these agents alone. Chloramphenicol suppresses the animalizing effects of Evans blue and zinc ions. The effects of chloramphenicol are compared with those of lithium and phenazone. It is suggested that vegetalizing effects of chloramphenicol are connected with its inhibitory action on protein synthesis and the perturbations of ribonucleic acid metabolism.     

Sur une nouvelle méthode chromatographique pour la séparation de composés polycycliques aromatiques ou hétérocycliques

Summary A new chromatographic technique is described, which makes use of the affinity of anhydrides and imides of tetrahalogenophthalic acids towards aromatic and heterocyclic polycyclic compounds. This method has been successfully applied to the resolution of some problems of analytical organic chemistry.