Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Microencapsulated Polyethylene Glycol Particles

The microenapsulated polyethylene glycol （PEG） with different molecular weight by a fluidized coating method has been prepared and the crystallization behaviors of PEG particles in three-dimensional confined vohume were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） measurement. The results showed that the width of the crystallization peak of PEG increases and its height gradually diminishes in case that the PEG particles are microencapsulated. Compared with the non-microencapsulated PEG particles, the proportion of the first crystallization peak of microencapsulated PEG particle increases, and that of the second one decreases. The reason for the difference maybe is that the crystallization process of microencapsulated PEG particles is uniform and the crystallization ends when the spherulites touch the wall, thus the opportunity of producing the second crystallization peak was relatively reduced.     

Surface modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their magnetic properties

Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and the influences of the surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuecinate (AOT) on the particles were investigated. The structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of the products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It is confirmed that the as-prepared nanoparticles have been modified by using the surfactant during the synthesis process. The amount of the surfactant has an effect on the size, the dispersal, and the magnetic properties of the particles. Besides, the mechanisms of the influences were also discussed.     

Production and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles and porous particles by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis using a zinc nitrate precursor

ZnO nanoparticles and porous particles were produced by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method using a zinc nitrate precursor at various temperatures under air atmosphere. The effects of reaction temperature on the size and morphology of ZnO particles were investigated. The samples were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. ZnO particles were obtained in a hexagonal crystal structure and the crystallite shapes changed from spherical to hexagonal by elevating the reaction temperature. The crystallite size grew by increasing the temperature, in spite of reducing the residence time in the heated zone. ZnO nanoparticles were obtained at the lowest reaction temperature and ZnO porous particles, formed by aggregation of ZnO nanoparticles due to effective sintering, were prepared at higher temperatures. The results showed that the properties of ZnO particles can be controlled by changing the reaction temperature in the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method.     

Synthesis and characterization of nano/micro-structured crystalline germanium dioxide with novel morphology

Nano/micro-structured germanium oxide （GeO2） was prepared using GeCl4 and KOH by a simple solution method in alkalic alcoholic solution. Different morphologies of GeO2 were obtained by changing the reaction conditions. The effects of the reaction time, the concentration of the reactants, the reaction temperature and the dispersant upon the morphology of the deposited GeO2 have been investigated. The products were detected by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, atomic force microscope （AFM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and transmission electron microscope （TEM）. Novel cross-like structures were obtained by using n-butylamine as the dispersant. The formation of the cross-like structures has been discussed and a solution-liquid-solid （SLS） mechanism was proposed.     

DSC Study of Thermal Properties of Biodegradable Poly （Butylene Succinate-co-terephthalate）

Poly （ butylene succinate ） （ PBS ）, poly （ butylene terephthalate） （PBT） and poly （butylene succirmte-coterephthalate） （PBST）s were synthesized from dimethyl succinate and/or dimethyl terephthalate reacting with 1,4- butanediol through a process of transesterification/ polycondmsation in the presence of a high effective catalyst and characterized by means of GPC and DSC. The investigation was mainly focused on the influence of content of terephthalate units on the molecular weight and thermal properties of resulting polymers. It is revealed that the melting temperature and crystallinity of synthesized polymers decrease first with the increase of terephthalate units, then shift to rise gradually by DSC measurements. The results of Flory equation suggest sequence structure of PBSTs is random.     

Preparation and characterization of Ni/Co bimetallic nano-clusters

Ni/Co bimetallic nano-cluters have been prepared from the aqueous solution by reducing their corresponding metal salts under suitable conditions. The experimental conditions including the type and concentration of protective agent, feeding order and the pH of the solution that influence the average particle size have been studied in detail. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)indicates that the shape of those bimetallic nano-cluster particles is spheroid. The alloy structure has been shown by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) data have confirmed that the nickel and cobalt in the bimetallic nano-clusters are in the zero-valence state.     

Synthesis and characterization of Au@Pt nanoparticles

Aucore-Ptshell （Au@Pt） nanoparticles were synthesized at room temperature by reducing K2PtCl6 with hydrogen in the solution containing Au colloids and polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP）. The particles obtained were characterized with UV-Vis, TEM and XPS techniques. UV-Vis spectra show that the surface plasmon absorption feature of Au colloids is significantly reduced with increasing the amount of reduced Pt. TEM images that the metals are found always appear as spherical nanoparticles and their sizes grow apparently due to the reduction of PtCl6^2- ions, indicating that Pt is deposited from solution onto Au particle surface and forms a Pt-layer with uniform thickness. In the XPS spectra, the signals of Au metal decrease due to the reductive deposition of Pt on the surface of the Au colloids. UV-Vis and XPS data are consistent in showing that when the amount of Pt in the AuPt colloids is increased to reach an overall atomic ratio of Pt/Au=2, the Pt deposits form a shell covering completely the surface of Au particles, demonstrating the core-shell structure of the synthesized AuPt particles.     

Synthesis,characterization and electrocatalytic studies of palladium–manganese oxyhydroxide nanocomposite towards direct ethylene glycol fuel cell

The palladium nanoparticle grafted manganese oxyhydroxide nanorod （MON） electrocatalyst has been synthesized and tested for the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol （EG） in an alkaline medium. The MON was prepared using the hydrothermal method and the Pd nano- particles were coated on the MON using an in situ reduction method. The nanocatalyst thus prepared was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electrochemical methods. The microscopic studies confirm the formation of MON and reveal that the Pd nanoparticles were grafted uniformly on the MON. In the voltammetric studies, the Pd/MON catalyst exhibited a six-fold improved peak current for ethylene glycol electrooxidation compared with the C/Pd. The EG electrooxidation reaction performances of the Pd/MON nanocatalyst in the alkaline solutions containing different quantities of EG were tested through cyclic voltammetry. The catalytic removal of the poisonous intermediates formed during electrooxidation of EG was explained. The present study shows that MON can act as an active support for the Pd nanocatalyst.     

Preparation of microsized crosslinked microspheres by dispersion copolymerization of polystyrene/polyethylene glycol 200-dimethacrylae

Dispersion copolymerization of styrene with polyethylene glycol 200-dimethacrylae as the cross-linking agent was completed by using poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) and 2,2-azo-bisisobutyronitrile as the steric stabilizer and initiator, respectively. Crosslinked copolymeric microspheres were prepared directly by the one-step method of dispersion copolymerization. The effects of the content of polyethylene glycol 200-dimethacrylae on the particle morphology and the copolymerization rate were investigated. It shows that the crosslinking agent plays an important role in the particle morphology and the system stability. When the content of crosslinking reached 2.5wt%, the floriated particles were obtained.     

Optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of ion exchanged silver nanoparticles embedded in soda-lime silicate glass

Ag nanoparticles embedded in soda-lime silicate glass were fabricated by ion-exchange and subse-quently annealing method. Z-scan technique, femtosecond time-resolved optical Kerr effect （OKE） technique and femtosecond pump-probe experiment were used to investigate the effects of laser wavelength and laser pulse duration as well as annealing temperature on the third-order optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of the composites. It was found that the third-order susceptibility of Ag nanoparticles composite glass measured by 400 nm pulse source is larger than that measured by 800 nm pulse source due to an enhancement effect of local field near surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles in silicate glass. The third-order optical nonlinearity measured by ns laser source is about two orders of magnitude larger than that measured from fs pulse. The annealing temperature has an important effect on the third-order optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of the composites. Third-order nonlinear susceptibility up to 10^-l0 esu and fast relaxation process up to 0.2 ps have been obtained in Ag nanoparticles doped glass.     

水性丙烯酸树脂/银导电油墨的制备及表征

采用液相化学还原法,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）、硝酸银（AgNO₃）及水合肼（N₂H₄·H₂O）制备银纳米粒子;以丙烯酸树脂/丙烯酸乳液为粘接料,将纳米银粉加入并辅以其他填料,制备水性导电油墨;最后将导电油墨涂覆在聚对苯二甲酸类（PET）薄膜表面成型。对银纳米粒子和油墨进行了X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）及扫描电子显微镜（SEM等表征,研究了纳米银粉的添加量和热处理温度等对油墨导电性能和界面结合力的影响,结果表明：当纳米银粉质量分数为64.0%,热处理温度为150℃时,薄膜表面电阻达到0.9Ω/□,导电油墨与聚对苯二甲酸类（PET）基体的附着力达到美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）5B级,并具有良好的耐湿和耐温性。     

PET/高岭土纳米复合材料的制备与表征

使用二甲亚砜(DMSO)改性高岭土,改性的高岭土与聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯通过熔融挤出的方法制得复合材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD),红外光谱分析的方法验证其为纳米复合材料,再利用DSC和偏光显微镜研究该复合材料的热性能和结晶性能.     

PET/PBT共混物和P(ET—BT)共聚物化学结构的各种分析方法研究

本文用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振氢谱(~1H-NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(~(13)C-NMR)、差示扫描量热谱(DSC)、裂解色谱(PGC)和化学降解色谱(CDC)研究了PET/PBT共混物和P(ET-BT)共聚物的化学结构及其热转变,讨论了各种方法的适用性。结果表明,PGC和CDC法是组分分析最可靠的方法。~(13)C-NMR法是鉴别共混和共聚链结构的最有效手段。对于组分比的测定,CDC法最灵敏,PET和PBT的检测极限为0.5％,相对标准偏差<1％。     

化学合金法研制Co-Fe-Ce-B非晶合金磁性纳米粒子

利用化学合金法，得到了Co-Fe-Ce-B系多元钴基非晶合金磁性纳米粒子．通过化学分析、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、差示扫描量热分析仪（DSC）以及物理吸附仪，对其组分比例、粒径、结构和性能进行了研究．测试结果表明：在较温和的试验条件下，利用化学合金，能实现纳米粒径的Co-Fe-Ce-B非晶态合金磁性纳米粒子的合成．     

微波合成非晶形ZrO_2纳米粒子

在Zr(NO3) 4·5H2 O、聚乙二醇 (PEG)和脲的水溶液中 ,通过微波加热合成了约 8nm的非晶形ZrO2 纳米粒子 ,并用XRD、TEM进行了表征。     

硬脂酸修饰磷钼酸铵纳米微粒的制备及表征

在溶液中采用化学方法制备了硬脂酸修饰的（NH4）3PMo12O40纳米微粒,以TEM,XRD,FTIR,TG和DSC等分析手段表征了这种纳米微粒的形貌和结构,在四球机上考察了它们的摩擦学性能,结果表明,所合成的纳米微粒平均粒径约15nm,在有机溶剂中可良好分散,在中低负荷下具有良好的抗磨性能。     

四氧化三铁纳米粒子与癌细胞相互作用的初步研究

用共沉淀法制备了粒径为7．5nm的Fe3O4纳米粒子，并用透射电镜(TEM)观察其形貌为分布均匀的球形．将Fe3O4纳米粒子加入癌细胞株7901和MKN-45的培养液中，培养一段时间后，通过TEM观察细胞的形貌，发现Fe3O4纳米粒子被摄入到癌细胞内，通过原子吸收光谱(AAS)测量了细胞对Fe3O4纳米粒子的摄入量．结果表明，Fe3O4纳米粒子可以逐渐被癌细胞摄入，在癌细胞内达到一定的浓度范围．该研究为利用Fe3O4纳米粒子的磁过热疗法治疗肿瘤提供了细胞层次的实验和理论基础．     

钴－磷非晶合金超细微粒的制备和物性研究

用化学反应法在水溶液中用次亚磷酸钠还原氯化钴制得了纯净的钴－磷非晶合金超细微粒．通过一系列的实验，研究了反应条件（如初始ｐＨ值、反应时间以及添加剂等）对反应产物的影响，并且对产物进行了表征．在反应的初始ｐＨ值为１１和１２时，制得了平均粒度为１５０ｎｍ的粒度相对均匀的钴－磷非晶合金超细微粒     

聚合物的添加对纯硅MCM-41结构及形貌的影响

以正硅酸乙脂(TEOS)为硅源、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚丙二醇(PPG)为助模板剂,合成MCM-41纯硅介孔分子筛,并运用N2吸附和TEM表征技术探讨其性质.结果表明:PVA加入后产物为正六边形形貌的单分散的纳米MCM-41,加入PPG后则生成较长的棒状MCM-41分子筛.