聚苯胺-十二烷基苯磺酸/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的合成与表征

以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为掺杂剂和乳化剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,采用乳液插层聚合(emulsion intercalated polymerization)方法合成了十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂聚苯胺/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料(简称PANI-DBSA/organo-MMT).研究表明,在苯胺、DBSA、APS三者物质量比为1:1:1时,苯胺与有机蒙脱土(organo-MMT)质量比为1:3时,复合材料的电导率最高可达2.63 ×10-2 s/cm.用XRD、FT-IR、TGA和SEM对复合材料进行了表征,结果表明PANI-DBSA能够有效地插层到有机蒙脱土层间,并在蒙脱土表面形成包覆结构,形成连续的导电相,从而使复合材料具有良好的导电性.TGA试验结果表明复合材料的热性能较本体聚合物得到有效改善.     

一种能同时吸附水中多种污染物的新型吸附材料:表面活性剂改性沸石

表面活性剂改性沸石是指将粉煤灰合成沸石后,使用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵进行表面修饰获得的一种新型吸附材料.本文评估了表面活性剂改性沸石从水中同时去除多类污染物的多功能性.目标污染物包括无机离子型污染物(氨氮和磷酸盐)、有机离子型污染物(亚甲基蓝和腐植酸)、可离子化有机污染物(不同pKa的双酚A,-氯酚和苯酚)和不可离子化的有机污染物(不同疏水性的苯胺,硝基苯,萘).与合成沸石相似,表面活性剂改性沸石吸附氨氮和磷的能力也较强.沸石内部孔隙中的负电荷可以去除氨氮;粉煤灰中的CaO,Al2O3和Fe2O3等成分经过沸石合成过程中的修饰可以吸附磷.研究结果还表明:尽管合成沸石对腐植酸,可离子化和不可离子化的有机污染物没有亲和性,表面活性剂改性沸石却对上述污染物具有很强的吸附能力.表面活性剂在沸石表面形成了双层胶束,使沸石外表面具有了疏水性,因此,可以吸附有机污染物.本研究表明表面活性剂改性沸石是一种很有前途的多功能水处理吸附剂.     

高岭土基三元纳米复合电流变液材料及其性能

从物理设计和化学设计出发, 研制了一种高岭土/二甲基亚砜/羧甲基淀粉三元纳米复合电流变液材料. 该体系采用二步复合法制备, 即先将极性液体二甲基亚砜直接插入到高岭土片层之间, 然后再用溶液法复合羧甲基淀粉. XRD测试表明高岭土的层间距由0.715 nm扩大到1.120 nm. SEM显示羧甲基淀粉以纳米颗粒复合于化合物内. 在颗粒/硅油体积比30%和DC E=5 kV/mm下, 这种材料的静态剪切应力可达17 kPa, 分别是相同条件下纯高岭土电流变液和高岭土/羧甲基淀粉电流变液的14和4.25倍. 三元体系电流变液还具有较好的温度效应和抗沉降性能, 放置30 d后沉降仅为9%. 研究表明, 当三元体系质量配比为1︰0.75︰0.6时, 协同效应最佳, 表现出最强的电流变效应. 介电性能测试表明三元体系电流变液的介电常数和电导率比原材料电流变液有很大改善, 增强了极化能力和介电失配, 从而使电流变性能大幅提高.     

石灰-偏高岭土修复性砂浆的研究进展

随着人们对建筑遗址保护意识的提高,寻找并探索适宜的古建筑修复材料逐渐成为当前的研究热点。石灰-偏高岭土(L-MK)砂浆作为一种新型古建筑修复材料,不仅具有水泥砂浆的水硬性特征,而且同石灰砂浆一样与古建筑本体有良好的兼容性。本文详细介绍了L-MK修复性砂浆的发展及研究现状,阐述了L-MK修复性砂浆的固化反应机理、成分配比、养护条件以及性能改性等方面的国内外研究进展,最后对L-MK修复性砂浆研究存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行了探讨。     

固废制备的填充剂中NaCl对橡胶品质的影响

将碱厂白泥、造纸白泥、含油污泥等固体废弃物加工为橡胶填充剂是一种较好的资源化利用技术,但这些填充剂中往往残留有一定量的NaCl,可能对橡胶制品的性能造成一定影响.本文通过向天然橡胶中添加含有NaCl的填充剂研究了NaCl对橡胶制品性能的影响.实验表明,NaCl在橡胶加工过程中作为晶核起异相结晶作用,可提高橡胶的交联性和热稳定性;在实验的含量范围内,NaCl对填充剂粉体的分散性、硫化时间稍有影响,但橡胶交联性明显提高;硬度、拉伸强度、拉断伸长率等主要力学性能变化不大;老化后的橡胶力学性能基本不变,且部分力学性能高于对照样品.研究揭示,只要NaCl的含量控制在4%以内,基本不会对橡胶工程和橡胶制品性能产生影响;该研究成果有利于含NaCl固体废弃物资源化利用新技术的开发与应用.     

埃洛石纳米管增强聚合物复合材料研究进展

埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)是一种天然无机纳米管,和高岭土有相似的化学组成.由于HNTs储量丰富,价格便宜,且具有高模量和大长径比的优势,被科研人员广泛应用于增强和增韧高分子材料的工作中.本文介绍了HNTs的结构特征及表面化学特性,并从提高HNTs在基体中的分散及与基体界面结合的角度,探讨了对HNTs进行表面改性的方法.总结了近十年来HNTs作为增强填料在各种高分子材料中的应用,包括热固性树脂、聚酰胺、聚烯烃和橡胶等.重点关注了所制备复合材料的力学性能,并对聚合物/HNTs复合材料的研究前景进行了展望.     

基于磁性微泡对比剂的超声和磁共振影像融合算法

文中提出了一种新的基于磁性微泡对比剂的超声影像和磁共振影像之间的融合算法．首先利用磁性微泡对比剂对体模进行超声和磁共振显影,并对显影进行边缘分割．运用非采样contourlet变换（nonsubsampled contourlet transform．NSCT）对源图像进行分解,然后对低频子带系数采用自适应动态加权非负矩阵分解（dynamic weighted non-negative matrix factorization．DWNMF）结合分割图像进行融合．然后对各带通方向子带系数采用空间频率激励的脉冲耦合神经网络进行融合,最后利用NSCT逆变换得到融合图像．研究结果表明,利用磁性微泡对比剂并结合上述算法对超声影像和磁共振影像进行融合,可以获得预期的融合效果．     

聚氨酯改性混凝土材料探讨

已有研究表明与普通水泥砂浆相比,采用相同水灰比的聚氨酯水泥砂浆可以获得较好的耐久性。本文把聚氨酯作为混凝土改性材料,经初步研究发现,掺入聚氨酯的混凝土坍落度损失增大,向混凝土中加入聚羧酸减水剂解决了这一问题。本文通过试验以抗压强度为指标初步优化了聚氨酯改性混凝土的养护条件和加料顺序。此外,加入到混凝土中的匀泡剂由于对聚氨酯有极优异的乳化能力,有可能形成了极细的泡孔和狭窄的孔径分布以及极高的闭孔率,可以提高聚氨酯混凝土的耐久性。本文选择了不同厂家提供的甲、乙两种匀泡剂并进行强度试验,以抗压强度为指标选择强度较高一种的应用于聚氨酯改性混凝土。     

二维层状空旷结构材料的研究与展望

本文系统介绍了二维层状空旷结构材料的制备、插层过程机制、应用研究方面取得的进展,并对今后本领域研究工作进行了展望。     

超临界CO2辅助制备TiO2/MCM-41中孔分子筛的研究

研究利用超临界二氧化碳(SCCO2)作为溶剂,将钛的有机前驱体传榆到分子筛孔的内部,制备TiO2/MCM-41中孔分子筛,同时研究了温度和压力的影响.XRD、氮气吸脱附、红外、紫外、扫描电镜(SEM)等研究结果表明,在超临界二氧化碳"协助插嵌"的过程中,二氧化钛可以被很好地传输到孔的深处,并呈高分散状态.因此,这种方法为实现二氧化钛在分子筛孔道上呈薄膜分散提供了一种可能途径.     

The effect of activated dimethicone,other antacid constituents,and kaolin on the absorption of propranolol

Summary A study was made of the effect of 6 commonly used gastrointestinal preparations on the absorption of propranolol using an in vitro experimental model. The constituents examined were activated dimethicone, aluminium hydroxide gel, bismuth carbonate, kaolin, magnesium carbonate, and magnesium trisilicate. A slight decreased propranolol absorption was given by kaolin (−13.0%), the other components showed smaller effects ranging from −6.8% to +6.6%. None of the results were statistically significantly different from control absorption values. Acknowledgment. We are grateful to I.C.I. Ltd, Macclesfield, England, for the gift of propranolol hydrochloride and to Galen Ltd, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, for the gift of dimethicone.     

手性Salen配合物催化反应研究进展

本文综述了手性Salen催化剂及其催化的手性有机反应的最新进展,对其中的一些重要反应作了阐述,并对手性Salen催化剂研究的一些问题作了说明。     

Alternariol, a dibenzopyrone mycotoxin of Alternaria spp., is a new photosensitizing and DNA cross-linking agent

The mycotoxin alternariol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-6'-methyldibenzo [a] pyrone) but not alternariol monomethyl ether (3,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-6'-methyldibenzo [a] pyrone) is phototoxic to Escherichia coli in the presence of near UV light (320-400 nm). The phototoxicity bioassays with a DNA repair-deficient mutant of E. coli suggested that DNA may be the molecular target for photo-induced toxicity of alternariol. Interactions between alternariol and double-stranded, supercoiled DNA suggest that alternariol interacts with DNA by intercalation. No DNA breakage was detected in this system; however, alternariol forms a complex and cross-links double-stranded DNA in near UV light. These results suggest that alternariol is a new phototoxic, DNA-intercalating agent and is a DNA cross-linking mycotoxin in near UV light.     

Close relationship of mitochondria with intercellular junctions in the adrenaline cells of the mouse adrenal gland

Summary In adrenaline cells, junctional complexes formed by alternating gap junctions and attachment plaques were identified in close proximity to bilateral clusters of mitochondria. It is suggested that this proximity is related to a role of gap junctions in metabolic coupling.     

固态表面的分子纳米构筑与功能器件

分子纳米构筑与功能器件研制是极有意义的研究课题。本文总结了利用分子自组装构筑多层异质纳米结构、有机金属卟啉络合物的隧道电子诱导分子发光和轨道媒介分离作用、生物分子DNA的创造设计和微观结构、光电材料的本征性集成与功能器件研制。重点介绍了作者在相关课题研究方面所做的工作和最新研究结果。     

Manipulating the activity of immobilized enzymes with different organo-smectite complexes

Summary Enzymes may be immobilized on hydrophobic surfaces of organo-smectite complexes. The immobilized enzyme may be active, partially active, or inactive depending on the nature of the organic surface. These materials may be useful as models for enzymes in natural systems, and in medicine and industry.This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-8306583. Journal Article No. 11603 of the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station.     

Strain differences in the pattern and intensity of wheel running activity in laboratory rats

Summary Wheel running activity rhythms of three inbred rat strains, ACI/Ztm, BH/Ztm, and LEW/Ztm, were compared in order to evaluate the effect of genetic differences on circadian rhythm parameters. Significant strain differences were found in the general pattern of the activity rhythms and their characteristic periodicities as well as in the amount and duration of wheel running activity and the timing of activity onsets and offsets. The results suggest that genetic differences exist in the coupling of the multiple circadian oscillators that generate the overall pattern of wheel running activity.     

Strain differences in the pattern and intensity of wheel running activity in laboratory rats

Wheel running activity rhythms of three inbred rat strains, ACI/Ztm, BH/Ztm, and LEW/Ztm, were compared in order to evaluate the effect of genetic differences on circadian rhythm parameters. Significant strain differences were found in the general pattern of the activity rhythms and their characteristic periodicities as well as in the amount and duration of wheel running activity and the timing of activity onsets and offsets. The results suggest that genetic differences exist in the coupling of the multiple circadian oscillators that generate the overall pattern of wheel running activity.     

Induction of proteolytic activity in serum by treatment with anionic detergents and organic solvents

Using casein plates as a sensitive assay for proteolytic activity, it was observed that sodium-dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and other anionic detergents induce caseinolysis when mixed with sera and plasma. Caseinolysis was dependent on the presence of plasminogen in the fluids and could be blocked by inhibitors of serine proteases and antibody to plasminogen. Similarly, organic solvents such as isopropanol induced caseinolysis after mixing with plasma, but not normal serum. Isopropanol dissociated complexes of alpha 1-antitrypsin or alpha 2-macroglobulin with trypsin preformed in vitro. As both SDS and organic solvents are widely used in biochemical investigations of biological fluids, attention should be paid to the possible induction of proteolysis.     

The interaction of warfarin with antacid constituents in the gut

Summary A study was made of the effect of 4 constituents of antacid preparations on the absorption of the coumarin derivate warfarin sodium using an in vitro experimental model. The constituents tested were activated dimethicone (a silicone) magnesium trisilicate, bismuth carbonate and the adsorbant, kaolin. Slight decreased intestinal absorption was shown by magnesium trisilicate (19%) and bismuth carbonate (7%), the other 2 components showing no effects.