利用二粒子非最大纠缠态的概率密集编码方案

提出了当量子通道为非最大纠缠态时的概率密集编码方案，通过引入辅助粒子和进行联合么正变换，量子密集编码以一定概率实现。     

纯态纠缠源条件下密集编码的信道容量比较

依据量子纠缠能被用来实现量子密集编码，从而增加量子信道的经典信息容量的理论，讨论并比较了在无噪信道中利用纯态纠缠源进行直积态密集编码和纠缠密集编码两种情况下的信道容量上限，得到了应用纠缠编码方式的信道容量不大于应用直积态编码方式的信道容量的结果．     

利用三能级粒子非最大纠缠态的概率密集编码方案

提出了当量子通道为三能级粒子非最大纠缠态时的概率密集编码方案,通过引入辅助粒子和进行联合么正变换,量子密集编码以一定概率实现;计算了该方案的平均传输效率．     

可控的量子密集编码

提出了一种利用三粒子非最大纠缠态作为量子信道的可控的概率密集编码方案.第3方通过局域测量控制着量子信道.通过引入辅助粒子和做适当的幺正变换,就能以一定概率实现量子密集编码.     

利用多粒子非最大纠缠态的多方概率密集编码

提出了当量子通道为多粒子非最大纠缠态时的多方概率密集编码方案．通过引入辅助粒子和进行联合么正变换，多方信息传输的密集编码以一定的概率实现．     

基于部分纠缠信道的高维赤道态概率可控远程联合制备

作为一种特殊类型的量子态,赤道态由于在量子信息处理中的独特应用引起了广泛关注.基于不同多粒子纠缠态信道,研究者提出了任意双量子比特、三量子比特以及多量子比特赤道态多方联合制备方案.本文研究了基于高维部分纠缠态的高维多粒子赤道态多方概率可控远程联合制备方案,提出了两个基于高维部分纠缠态的高维多粒子赤道态多方可控远程联合制备方案.一个方案以m个高维类GHZ态为纠缠信道,可实现多个控制方控制下的高维赤道态多方远程联合制备,另一个方案以一个多粒子部分纠缠态为量子纠缠信道完成单个控制方控制下的高维赤道态远程联合制备.多个发送方共享多粒子赤道态信息,依据已知信息对手中纠缠粒子选择执行相应正交投影测量,控制方对他的纠缠粒子执行单粒子测量.接收方与所有发送方和控制方合作,仅需引入一个附加量子比特就可在他的纠缠粒子上重建需制备量子态.方案不需要使用最大纠缠态作为量子纠缠信道实现高维赤道态远程可控联合制备,具有可行性强的优点.     

量子纠缠和量子操作

对量子纠缠和量子操作作了介绍, 考察了两比特量子纠缠态和量子操作的应用及它们之间的关系. 具体包括: 用非最大纠缠纯态来实现任意量子态的确定性远程制备; 用纠缠态来实现用于分布式量子计算的非定域门操作; 讨论了量子操作的纠缠能力; 讨论了两量子比特门的构造. 这些结果有助于理解量子纠缠和量子操作这些量子信息处理中的资源.     

量子纠缠和量子操作

对量子纠缠和量子操作作了介绍, 考察了两比特量子纠缠态和量子操作的应用及它们之间的关系. 具体包括: 用非最大纠缠纯态来实现任意量子态的确定性远程制备; 用纠缠态来实现用于分布式量子计算的非定域门操作; 讨论了量子操作的纠缠能力; 讨论了两量子比特门的构造. 这些结果有助于理解量子纠缠和量子操作这些量子信息处理中的资源.     

基于四粒子GHZ态的任意三粒子GHZ态量子隐形传送

量子隐形传态已成为量子信息学中的一个重要研究领域,笔者从节省量子纠缠资源的目的出发,通过极化分束器(PBS)将2个EPR对制备成单个四粒子GHZ纠缠态,并将此四粒子GHZ纠缠态作为量子信道,从而实现三粒子纠缠GHZ态的量子隐形传输.     

非经典光场及其在量子信息中的应用

扼要介绍连续变量纠缠态光场产生的实验方法,及其在量子离物传态,量子密集编码,受控密集编码,量子纠缠交换及量子通信网络中的应用.     

Experimental entanglement distillation and 'hidden' non-locality

Entangled states are central to quantum information processing, including quantum teleportation, efficient quantum computation and quantum cryptography. In general, these applications work best with pure, maximally entangled quantum states. However, owing to dissipation and decoherence, practically available states are likely to be non-maximally entangled, partially mixed (that is, not pure), or both. To counter this problem, various schemes of entanglement distillation, state purification and concentration have been proposed. Here we demonstrate experimentally the distillation of maximally entangled states from non-maximally entangled inputs. Using partial polarizers, we perform a filtering process to maximize the entanglement of pure polarization-entangled photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We have also applied our methods to initial states that are partially mixed. After filtering, the distilled states demonstrate certain non-local correlations, as evidenced by their violation of a form of Bell's inequality. Because the initial states do not have this property, they can be said to possess 'hidden' non-locality.     

二能级二粒子一般态的概率传输

研究了用4个粒子的非最大纠缠纯态传输二能级二粒子的一般态。传输方案没有利用Bell基测量，而是利用么正变换和局域进行了测量。在经典通讯的帮助下，通过做适当的么正变换和对辅助量子位的测量，这个二粒子一般态可以一定的成功几率从发送者处传输到接收者处。     

二能级三粒子一般态的概率传输

研究了用六粒子的非最大纠缠纯态传输二能级三粒子的一般态.传输方案没有利用Bell基测量,而是利用幺正变换和局域进行了测量.在经典通讯的帮助下,通过做适当的幺正变换和对辅助量子位的测量,这个三粒子一般态可以一定的成功概率从发送者处传输到接收者处.     

Experimental purification of two-atom entanglement

Entanglement is a necessary resource for quantum applications--entanglement established between quantum systems at different locations enables private communication and quantum teleportation, and facilitates quantum information processing. Distributed entanglement is established by preparing an entangled pair of quantum particles in one location, and transporting one member of the pair to another location. However, decoherence during transport reduces the quality (fidelity) of the entanglement. A protocol to achieve entanglement 'purification' has been proposed to improve the fidelity after transport. This protocol uses separate quantum operations at each location and classical communication to distil high-fidelity entangled pairs from lower-fidelity pairs. Proof-of-principle experiments distilling entangled photon pairs have been carried out. However, these experiments obtained distilled pairs with a low probability of success and required destruction of the entangled pairs, rendering them unavailable for further processing. Here we report efficient and non-destructive entanglement purification with atomic quantum bits. Two noisy entangled pairs were created and distilled into one higher-fidelity pair available for further use. Success probabilities were above 35 per cent. The many applications of entanglement purification make it one of the most important techniques in quantum information processing.     

利用四维的二粒子纠缠态传送一个未知的二维二粒子量子态

利用四维的二粒子最大纠缠态作为量子信道可成功地传送一个未知的二维二粒子量子态,其成功几率及态的保真度均为100%。若量子信道为部分纠缠态,也可以几率传送此量子态,其成功几率由部分纠缠态的最小Schm idt系数决定,态的保真度为100%。     

Experimental entanglement purification of arbitrary unknown states

Distribution of entangled states between distant locations is essential for quantum communication over large distances. But owing to unavoidable decoherence in the quantum communication channel, the quality of entangled states generally decreases exponentially with the channel length. Entanglement purification--a way to extract a subset of states of high entanglement and high purity from a large set of less entangled states--is thus needed to overcome decoherence. Besides its important application in quantum communication, entanglement purification also plays a crucial role in error correction for quantum computation, because it can significantly increase the quality of logic operations between different qubits. Here we demonstrate entanglement purification for general mixed states of polarization-entangled photons using only linear optics. Typically, one photon pair of fidelity 92% could be obtained from two pairs, each of fidelity 75%. In our experiments, decoherence is overcome to the extent that the technique would achieve tolerable error rates for quantum repeaters in long-distance quantum communication. Our results also imply that the requirement of high-accuracy logic operations in fault-tolerant quantum computation can be considerably relaxed.     

利用腔衰减进行两原子纠缠态的制备

本文提出了利用衰减腔进行两原子纠缠态的制备方案。当两单光子探测器在探测期限内只探测到一个溢出的光子时,两个在不同腔中的原子以一定的概率处于最大纠缠态。     

三粒子W纠缠态的概率量子隐形传态

提出一个对未知三粒子W纠缠态的量子隐形传态方案.该方案用一个非最大GHZ纠缠态和一个非最大EPR纠缠态作为量子信道实现对未知经典W纠缠态的概率量子隐形传态和对未知一般W纠缠态受控的概率量子隐形传态.     

Deterministic quantum teleportation with atoms

Teleportation of a quantum state encompasses the complete transfer of information from one particle to another. The complete specification of the quantum state of a system generally requires an infinite amount of information, even for simple two-level systems (qubits). Moreover, the principles of quantum mechanics dictate that any measurement on a system immediately alters its state, while yielding at most one bit of information. The transfer of a state from one system to another (by performing measurements on the first and operations on the second) might therefore appear impossible. However, it has been shown that the entangling properties of quantum mechanics, in combination with classical communication, allow quantum-state teleportation to be performed. Teleportation using pairs of entangled photons has been demonstrated, but such techniques are probabilistic, requiring post-selection of measured photons. Here, we report deterministic quantum-state teleportation between a pair of trapped calcium ions. Following closely the original proposal, we create a highly entangled pair of ions and perform a complete Bell-state measurement involving one ion from this pair and a third source ion. State reconstruction conditioned on this measurement is then performed on the other half of the entangled pair. The measured fidelity is 75%, demonstrating unequivocally the quantum nature of the process.     

Generation of ultraviolet entangled photons in a semiconductor

Entanglement is one of the key features of quantum information and communications technology. The method that has been used most frequently to generate highly entangled pairs of photons is parametric down-conversion. Short-wavelength entangled photons are desirable for generating further entanglement between three or four photons, but it is difficult to use parametric down-conversion to generate suitably energetic entangled photon pairs. One method that is expected to be applicable for the generation of such photons is resonant hyper-parametric scattering (RHPS): a pair of entangled photons is generated in a semiconductor via an electronically resonant third-order nonlinear optical process. Semiconductor-based sources of entangled photons would also be advantageous for practical quantum technologies, but attempts to generate entangled photons in semiconductors have not yet been successful. Here we report experimental evidence for the generation of ultraviolet entangled photon pairs by means of biexciton resonant RHPS in a single crystal of the semiconductor CuCl. We anticipate that our results will open the way to the generation of entangled photons by current injection, analogous to current-driven single photon sources.