Cu(110)-O表面NC-AFM探针针尖的纳米指纹识别技术研究

在扫描探针显微镜(SPM)技术(包括原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描隧道显微镜(STM)以及开尔文力探针显微镜(KPFM)等)中,探针针尖的状态和种类对于研究材料表面的物理、化学性质有着重要的影响.本论文以Cu(110)-O为例,主要研究利用AFM针尖控制技术对Cu(110)-O的不同相位,表面扫描结果及相位形成原因,Cu,O原子的关系以及针尖与表面原子种类识别的形成原因等.针对探针针尖原子种类以及尖锐程度的不同,证实了O原子针尖以及Cu原子针尖作用下对Cu(110)-O表面的Cu,O原子具有化学识别的功能.同时,研究发现针尖状态对材料表面信息识别具有重要影响,并给出了具体的解释和讨论.本研究对AFM表面原子成像、原子种类化学识别具有重要意义.     

扫描探针显微术及其在电化学中的应用

新型及复杂电化学界面的研究需求对应用和发展各种高空间分辨的原位表征方法提出了更高要求.电化学扫描探针显微术能在控制电极电位的条件下获得电解质溶液中电极表面高空间分辨率的结构信息,已发展为电化学界面研究的重要工具.厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室扫描探针技术研究团队多年来以探针技术为基础,在发展该技术的基础上,不断拓展研究方向,目前已将扫描探针技术发展成为兼具电化学界面表征和加工的重要技术.本文梳理了30多年来该团队在电化学扫描隧道显微镜研制及发展联用方法、金属电沉积初始阶段研究、单晶电极/离子液体界面双电层、仿生生物膜、离子液体中的欠电位沉积及反应动力学研究、针尖诱导表面纳米构筑及量子电导研究、锂电池界面研究等方面所开展的工作.     

扫描探针显微技术应用于工业技术领域的几个相关问题

 前言80年代开始陆续发明的各类扫描探针显微镜(ScanningProbeMicroscope,简称SPM)首先是一种表面分析仪器。随着研究的探入, SPM自身功能和其应用领域在不断增强和扩大, 在纳米材料学、纳米电子学、纳米生物学、纳米化学、纳米机械工程等方面都得到广泛应用。目前已有20多种扫描探针仪器可以得到原子或接近原子分辨率的各类物理特征图像。SPM主要用于自然科学的研究, 但近年已有相当数量的SPM用于工业技术领域, 成为解决工业技术问题的新工具。     

电化学液膜法腐蚀制备STM探针及其扫描应用

高质量的扫描探针是保证扫描隧道显微镜的超高分辨率的关键。为了制备出原子级分辨能力的探针,本文设计了新型制备扫描隧道显微镜探针装置。该装置在成功避免了传统制备方法的缺点同时,在制备可控性上有了很大的提高。基于此装置,采用电化学腐蚀的方法制备出扫描隧道显微镜探针,扫描电镜表征探针针尖显示尖端异常尖锐。应用于实际Ga As(001)表面扫描可以获得原子级分辨的扫描图,从而进一步证明了利用该新装置可以制备高质量STM探针针尖。     

扫描探针显微技术应用于工业技术领域的几个相关问题

一、前言８０年代开始陆续发明的各类扫描探针显微镜（ＳｃａｎｎｉｎｇＰｒｏｂｅＭｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｅ,简称ＳＰＭ）首先是一种表面分析仪器。随着研究的探入 ,ＳＰＭ自身功能和其应用领域在不断增强和扩大 ,在纳米材料学、纳米电子学、纳米生物学、纳米化学、纳米机械工程等方面都得到广泛应用。目前已有２０多种扫描探针仪器可以得到原子或接近原子分辨率的各类物理特征图像。ＳＰＭ主要用于自然科学的研究 ,但近年已有相当数量的ＳＰＭ用于工业技术领域 ,成为解决工业技术问题的新工具。在研究各种物质表面几何拓扑图形之后 ,ＳＰＭ还…     

空间分辨电化学研究新方法

简述当前国内外主要的原位（In Situ)空间分辨技术及其在电化学研究中的应用,包括扫描微电极技术、扫描电化学显微镜、扫描探针显微镜、扫描Kelvin探针技术、扫描光电流谱技术、显微激光拉曼光谱技术等,其中扫描微电极技术、扫描电化学显微镜、扫描Kelvin探针技术可直接测定腐蚀电极表面或界面化学不均一性的分布图像,而其它方法则是通过测量表面分子振动光谱、表面隧道电流及光电响应等,进而从分子水平研究腐蚀电极过程。并侧重介绍作用已建立的具有微米空间分辨度的电化学方法,主要有多种形式的扫描微电极技术及阵列电极技术等,并用于研究金属/溶液界面电化学不均一性及局部腐蚀过程。结果表明,空间分辨电化学方法的发展及应用,使得人们对金属表面和金属/溶液界面电化学不均一性,特别是金属局部腐蚀发生、发展过程机理的认训得以深化。     

氮分压对Ta-Ru-N薄膜微观组织和性能的影响

采用反应磁控溅射技术,在单晶Si(100)面基底上制备了4个氮分压条件下Ta-Ru-N扩散阻挡层薄膜。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、能谱(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)以及四探针电阻测试仪(FPP),对所制备薄膜的相结构、表面形貌和电学性能进行了表征,研究了氮分压对薄膜微观组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明:制备的Ta-Ru-N薄膜为非晶态,适量氮气的加入能够提高薄膜表面的平整度,薄膜方阻随着氮分压的增加而逐渐增加。     

显微术浅议

1显微术发展历史及现状人类总是不断地探索更小尺度的自然现象。近年来,光学这门自然科学里最古老的学科,也随着这个时代潮流焕发出崭新的生命力,诞生了近场光学显微镜这种新的观测工具,使得人们能够观测纳米尺度的光学现象。传统的光学显微镜是以光学透镜为主体,利用透镜能将物体放大成像的功能而制成的。一般的,单级透镜能将物体放大几十倍,级联使用可达到千倍以上。从根本上说,光的衍射效应限制了光学显微镜进一步提高分辨率的可能性。根据瑞利判据,光学成像系统的分辨率δx≥0.61λ/N.Sinθ,其中λ为光波波长,N.Sinθ为光学成像系统的数值孔径,对于单透镜,它等于透镜的直径与焦距的比值。由此可见,提高分辨率的方法有三个途径(1)选择更短的波长。(2)用折射率很高的材料以提高N。(3)增大显微镜的孔径角θ。而通过这几个途径来得到更大放大倍数、更高分辨率的显微镜,在可见光范围内没有多少改善的余地,也受到许多技术上的制约。上世纪80年代以来,随着科学与技术向小尺度与低维空间的推进与扫描探针显微技术的发展,在光学领域中出现了一个新型交叉学科一近场光学。近场光学对传统的光学分辨极限产生了革命性的突破。与传统光学显微镜相比,近场光学显微镜最大区别在于(1)以纳米级的光学探针代替了传统光学显微镜镜头(2)在探测过程中探针被控制在样品表面一个波长以内的近场区域。而样品表面的近场区域内存在携带物体表面精细结构信息的非辐射场,所以,处于近场区域内的探针可探测到亚微米级的光学信息,突破了瑞利衍射极限的限制。在理论上,其分辨率是无限大的,但由于技术上探针针尖不能做的无限小,探针也不能太接近样品表面,所以在实际应用中,分辨率还是有限的。1982年,瑞士苏黎士IBM的宾尼和罗雷尔制成了世界上第一台扫描隧道显微镜(STM),极大地提高了观测灵敏度,比传统电子显微镜提高了两个数量级。在被应用到光学领域时,极大的推动了扫描近场光学显微镜(SNOM)的诞生和发展。1984年瑞士苏黎士IBM研究小心用金属镀膜的石英晶体尖端制成的纳米尺寸光孔作为探针制成了世界上第一台近场光学显微镜,同时美国康乃尔大学用微毛细管拉成的极细光孔为探针制成了近场光学显微镜。从此,近场光学显微镜走向成熟,并广泛应用于许多微观现级观测领域。     

基于微模塑法的PMMA/SiO2透射光栅的制备

以sol-gel法合成出的PMMA/SiO2杂化溶胶为加工对象,以聚二甲基硅氧烷为弹性印章,采用软刻蚀技术中的微模塑方法,在普通光学玻璃表面制备出了PMMA/SiO2杂化材料栅格状的微图形结构.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光学显微镜和扫描探针显微镜(SPM)的测试结果表明:所制得的光栅微结构清晰规整;以氦氖激光器(632.8nm)为光源,通过衍射实验,得到了清晰的光栅衍射图案.     

一种用于扫描力显微镜的微型干涉光探针

一种用于扫描力显微镜的微型干涉光探针卓永模牟旭东杨甬英（浙江大学光科系杭州３１００２８）本文论述一种微型干涉光探针，它可用于扫描力显微镜中探测微探针的纵向偏摆，进而精确测出样品表面三维超精细结构。论文从理论分析及实验研究中首次发现扫描力显微镜中的氮化...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with