全风向角下小间距双方柱绕流的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟方法研究了间距比（P/B）为1.5(P为柱心间距,B为方柱边长)、风向角α为0°～90°等条件下双方柱在均匀来流作用下的气动力、流态划分、表面风压和流场特性。研究发现：小间距双方柱流动干扰效应显著,下游柱平均气动力随风向角的变化规律与上游柱和单方柱差异较大,且可能受更大的升力绝对值。将小间距比双方柱绕流分为前角分离流态（α=0°～10°）、分离泡流态（α=20°～30°）、附着流流态（α=40°～60°）及间隙侧分离泡流态（α=70°～90°）四种模式。附着流流态和间隙侧分离泡流态的间隙区出现较强的负压。尾流负压区的强度随风向角先增强后减弱,在α=50°附近达到峰值。前角分离流态时双柱具有一个整体的尾流回流区,而在其他流态下上下游方柱均有独立的回流区。     

串列双方柱气动性能的流场机理研究

采用非定常雷诺平均法和SST k-ω湍流模型,在雷诺数Re=2.2×104时对五种间距串列双方柱的绕流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明：随着间距比的增大,串列方柱的气动性能会发生剧烈变化,其绕流场会经历三种不同流态：间距比为S/B=1.2时,下游方柱完全被上游方柱的分离剪切层包裹,流场呈现单一钝体流态;S/B=1.5和2时,在上游方柱上分离的剪切层会再附在下游方柱侧面,流场呈现剪切层再附流态,并在两个方柱之间形成强烈的回流区;S/B=3和4时,两个方柱的尾流中都会形成规则的涡街,流场呈现双涡脱流态,此时上游方柱的旋涡会与下游方柱发生复杂的相互作用,造成下游方柱受到很大的脉动风压作用。     

串列双方柱气动干扰机理的数模模拟研究

采用非定常雷诺平均法和SST k-ω湍流模型,在雷诺数Re=2.2×104时对五种间距串列双方柱的绕流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明:随着间距比的增大,串列方柱的气动性能会发生剧烈变化;其绕流场会经历三种不同流态:间距比为S/B=1.2时,下游方柱完全被上游方柱的分离剪切层包裹,流场呈现单一钝体流态;S/B=1.5,2时,在上游方柱上分离的剪切层会再附在下游方柱侧面,流场呈现剪切层再附流态;并在两个方柱之间形成强烈的回流区;S/B=3,4时,两个方柱的尾流中都会形成规则的涡街,流场呈现双涡脱流态。此时上游方柱的旋涡会与下游方柱发生复杂的相互作用,造成下游方柱受到很大的脉动风压作用。     

带固定人工水线拉索绕流的数值模拟

采用计算流体动力学软件CFX 5 .5对带固定人工水线拉索的绕流进行数值模拟 .选取 2种人工水线 ,计算了零倾角零风攻角时带固定人工水线拉索的阻力系数、升力系数、表面平均压力系数、固定人工水线上的气动力等 ,并与试验结果进行比较 .计算表明 ,表面平均压力系数在水线上有一突降     

错列双圆柱下游圆柱的升力机理

采用大涡模拟(LES)的方法,在雷诺数Re=1.4×10~5时,研究了间距P/D=4(P为圆心间距,D为圆柱直径)、风向角0°～90°的错列双圆柱的气动力特性和干扰流态,从流场角度分析了下游圆柱受到平均升力和脉动升力作用的流场机理.结果表明:随着风向角的增大,两个圆柱的干扰流态依次为旋涡撞击流态、旋涡撞击和剪切层干扰流态、剪切层干扰流态、尾流干扰流态;在旋涡撞击流态、旋涡撞击和剪切层干扰流态下,上游圆柱的旋涡与下游圆柱发生强烈的撞击,导致下游圆柱的脉动升力远大于单圆柱;在剪切层干扰流态下,下游圆柱受到显著的平均升力作用,下游圆柱风压停滞点的偏移以及上游圆柱的旋涡与下游圆柱间隙侧剪切层(或旋涡)的相互作用,是下游圆柱受到平均升力作用的两个原因.     

带固定人工水线三维斜拉索绕流的数值模拟

采用计算流体力学软件CFX5.5对带固定人工水线斜拉索的绕流进行数值模拟.选取两种人工水线,计算了倾角为30°、风攻角为35°时带固定人工水线拉索的阻力系数、升力系数、表面平均压力系数、固定人工水线上的气动力等,并与试验结果进行比较.计算表明,表面平均压力系数在水线上有一突降;倾角为30°、风攻角为35°时带固定人工水线拉索的旋涡脱落包含许多低频成分.     

运动水线三维连续弹性拉索风雨激振理论模型

采用已有的水线气动力数据,假设拉索和水线之间相互作用力为库仑阻尼力和线性阻尼力,推导了三维连续弹性拉索和三维连续水线的运动偏微分方程,采用数值方法进行求解,得到三维连续拉索和三维连续水线的风雨激振响应规律.结果表明:当三维连续拉索大部分截面处于易于起振的风速区域时,水线在这些拉索截面形成并处于竖向平均气动力系数的突降区,三维连续弹性拉索发生大幅振动.拉索的振动含有多阶拉索固有频率成分,且水线除了在拉索固有频率处有能量峰值外,在5 Hz以下的其他频段均有少量的能量分布.另外,拉索和水线的库仑阻尼力增大,拉索振幅增大;当拉索模态阻尼比达到0.5%时,可有效地抑制拉索的风雨激振振动.     

方柱跨声速流动中的剪切层和尾迹特性

采用尺度自适应模拟(SAS)方法研究了来流马赫数Ma为0.71、雷诺数Re为4×10~5的方柱跨声速绕流,并对分离剪切层和尾迹特性进行了深入分析.为了验证SAS方法的可靠性,将SAS结果与已有数值和实验结果进行了对比.在当前的跨声速流场中,剪切层中的对流马赫数约为0.6,这意味着Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性主导剪切层的初始阶段演化.在剪切层的初始阶段,可以看出扰动涡沿展向呈现滚筒状结构.剪切层外侧附近和方柱的回流区均出现倍频现象,这与剪切层中存在明显的涡合并有关.压力场的本征正交分解表明,方柱跨声速流场中的主导流动模态为反对称模态,这与尾迹中的涡脱落现象和剪切层引起的压缩波传播有关.     

风沙条件下颗粒对翼型流动分离的影响

运用延迟脱体涡模拟(delayed detached eddy simulation,DDES)技术对NREL S809三维翼型在洁净空气环境中和在不同直径颗粒环境下进行了数值模拟,由此预测了风沙环境下颗粒对翼型绕流分离的影响.研究结果表明:当攻角为8°时,DDES捕捉到了翼型吸力面的涡脱落现象,并且颗粒的加入显著地改变了翼型吸力面的涡脱规律,使得尾涡范围扩大、耗散更快,然而随着颗粒直径的增大,尾涡也逐渐恢复到接近洁净空气时的状态;当攻角较小(6°)时,翼型表面没有发生流动分离,颗粒的加入对流场的影响很小;当攻角较大(12°)时,颗粒对翼型绕流的影响也很小;不同攻角下颗粒对翼型升力系数有不同程度的影响.分析不同攻角下颗粒对翼型表面流动分离的影响规律表明:S809翼型绕流情况受颗粒影响最严重的攻角在7°~10°.     

钝体矩形断面绕流场机理与主分量分析

为研究钝体矩形断面的绕流场特征和气动特性,针对宽高比为4的矩形断面,基于雷诺时均N-S方程和SSTk-ω湍流模型开展了断面绕流场非定常CFD模拟,得到了与其它文献报道一致的断面阻力系数、涡脱St数、上下面压力平均值和脉动值分布、平均涡脱位置和再附长度.对表面脉动压力时程的主分量分析表明,第一主分量与压力脉动RMS分布一致,能反映表面不同位置的脉动压力强弱和整体分布特征.基于上下面第一阶主分量形状,可确定其分离剪切流中主漩涡的脱落位置.基于第一阶主分量系数,可获得矩形断面绕流的涡脱频率.矩形断面上下表面的主漩涡脱落主导了上下表面的压力脉动特征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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