有机硅改性酚醛树脂的研究

电导实验表明：有机硅的加入对合成的酚醛树脂的交联密度有影响.改性酚醛树脂的各项常规指标均优于普通酚醛树脂,其中残碳率可以达到50.75%,比普通酚醛树脂的残碳率（40.80%）提高了近10%.FESEM照片可以看到有机硅改性酚醛树脂在800℃碳化后生成了碳纤维,而且所生成半径大致为350～450 nm的SiO2粒子分布...     

硼改性酚醛树脂的合成及其热性能研究

通过合成性能优于传统酚醛树脂的新型酚醛树脂以满足国内工业、机械制造业飞速发展的配套需要.主要研究硼改性酚醛树脂的特定合成工艺,并与传统热固性酚醛树脂进行比较,研究催化剂用量、酚醛比、硼酸加入量等因素对硼改性酚醛树脂性能的影响.并通过红外光谱和热重分析仪等分析手段对硼改性酚醛树脂的结构和热性能进行表征.实验结果表明:合成硼改性酚醛树脂的最佳反应条件为n(甲醛)∶n(苯酚)∶n(硼酸)=1.4∶1∶0.4,氢氧化钠用量为苯酚质量的3%,第一阶段反应时间为1.5h,反应温度为60℃,第二阶段反应时间为1.5h,反应温度为90℃,在该条件下合成的硼改性酚醛树脂的残碳率为71.07%,远高于传统酚醛树脂的残碳率48.48%.     

热固性钼酚醛树脂的合成工艺研究

针对普通酚醛树脂(PF)作为耐火材料结合剂使用中存在的问题，研究了以钼酸改性PF的可行性。由苯酚和甲醛先合成羟甲基苯酚，再用钼酸与羟甲基经酯化反应得到一种新型的热固性钼PF。通过正交试验与结果分析，讨论各因素对合成工艺的影响，并确定了最佳的工艺参数，在n(苯酚)：n(甲醛)：n(H2MoO4)：n(NaOH)=1：1．3：0．06：0．15，反应温度为90℃，反应时间为1h的条件下合成的钼PF残碳率可达56．31％，比一般热固性PF的残碳率高出13个百分点。表明它是比较理想的耐火材料用结合剂。     

有机硅改性酚醛树脂的研究

电导实验表明：有机硅的加入对合成的酚醛树脂的交联密度有影响.改性酚醛树脂的各项常规指标均优于普通酚醛树脂,其中残碳率可以达到50.75%,比普通酚醛树脂的残碳率（40.80%）提高了近10%.FESEM照片可以看到有机硅改性酚醛树脂在800℃碳化后生成了碳纤维,而且所生成半径大致为350～450 nm的SiO2粒子分布于酚醛树脂的碳化物中,分布较均匀且与基体的结合较好,有机-无机杂化改性有利于酚醛树脂力学性能的提高.     

苯基苯酚型酚醛树脂中羟甲基邻/对位异构的核磁共振分析及性能影响

采用核磁共振光谱(NMR)技术对苯基苯酚型酚醛树脂进行了结构分析.通过1H-NMR和13C-NMR计算树脂分子结构中邻、对位羟甲基相对含量比,发现苯基苯酚型酚醛树脂的相对含量比(5.0:1～4.3:1),远大于一般氨酚醛树脂(1.9:1～1.2:1).同时对几种酚醛树脂的热性能、残碳率、贮存稳定性以及工艺温度下粘度的变化特性进行了比较研究,从微观角度为苯基苯酚型酚醛树脂具有各种优良性能找到了理论依据.     

两种合成工艺下酚醛树脂结构与性能比较

在粘度相近。最终摩尔比相同的条件下,采用两种不同的工艺合成酚醛树脂,并对两种工艺下合成的酚醛树脂的性能进行了分析比较。结果表明由热塑性树脂出发制备的酚醛树脂的游离醛降低,固化时间增加,胶合强度降低;通过13C—NMR对其结构进行了分析比较,结果表明常规工艺制备的酚醛树脂的羟甲基含量高于由热塑性树脂出发制备的酚醛树脂,同时邻对位比值高于由热塑性树脂出发制备的酚醛树脂.     

不同硼含量硼改性酚醛树脂的合成及其性能

采用特定的合成工艺合成了不同硼含量的改性酚醛树脂，并利用傅里叶红外光谱、热重分析和冲击试验等方法对其性能进行了分析．结果表明：合成出了不同硼含量的改性酚醛树脂，通过红外吸收峰对比法和计算法对比确定了硼含量，合成的硼改性酚醛树脂硼的最高质量分数可达9．0％；硼改性酚醛树脂的耐热性随硼含量的增加而提高，高硼含量的样品在1200℃时的失重率仅为34．7％，残炭率高达65．3％；硼的引入提高了酚醛树脂的韧性．随着硼含量的增加，改性酚醛树脂的冲击韧性提高，但当硼质量分数过高时（9．0％），其冲击韧性有所下降．     

间甲酚/木质素改性酚醛树脂竹胶板胶粘剂的研究

采用分次分步加料一锅煮合成法,以间甲酚和酸化的木质素磺酸钠来改性制取新的酚醛树脂胶粘剂．研究了酸化反应的时间,合成温度及投料比对胶粘剂性能的影响．结果表明：酸化反应2．5h,合成温度100℃,n（甲醛）：n（苯酚＋木质素）=0．75：1,n（问甲酚）：n（苯酚＋木质素）=0．10：1,n（木质素）：n（苯酚＋木质素）=0．30：1时含游离醛质量分数为0．10％,游离酚质量分数为0．25％,黏度0．38Pa·S,粘合强度2．0MPa,最后用红外光谱和紫外光谱对胶粘剂进行结构测试．     

高性能环保型木质素基酚醛胶粘剂的制备

采用酚化技术制备了低成本和低游离酚、醛的木质素基酚醛胶粘剂(LPF).利用单因素实验法,探讨了加料方式对传统酚醛树脂(PF)胶粘剂游离酚、醛的影响;实验考察了酚化木质素以及用木质素酚化产物代替苯酚制备LPF胶的影响因素,优化得到高性能环保型LPF的配方工艺;并采用红外光谱测试了木质素在酸催化条件下酚化改性后的结构变化.结果表明,木质素分子在酚化条件下发生降解,通过酚化反应羟基含量显著提高,并产生了新的具有不同取代基的苯环结构;以苯酚为液化试剂,用浓盐酸作催化剂、浓盐酸用量为3%、液化温度为120℃、液化时间为10min、酚木比为2:1,酚化得到的木质素酚化液,在酚醛比为1:1.8时,甲醛分3次加入、碱液分2次加入,制备得到的LPF具有比传统PF更低的游离酚、醛含量、优异的胶合性能和储存稳定性.     

可陶瓷化酚醛树脂基复合材料烧蚀隔热性能研究

为了提高酚醛树脂基复合材料的烧蚀隔热性能,本研究采用陕西太航高残碳热固性硼酚醛树脂(THC)系列为基体,芳碳混编布为增强相,通过添加不同比例的锆系功能性填料(陶瓷化助剂)以制备可陶瓷化酚醛树脂基复合材料.通过对改性树脂进行热失重、残碳率、导热系数和线烧蚀率的性能测试分析并辅以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征.研究结果表明,加入填料,在500℃以下对材料的残碳率影响不大,500℃以上能显著提高复合材料的烧蚀隔热性能,且随着填料占比的增加,影响越明显.由于填料添加量9%后会存在溶解困难,因此适用于工业生产制造的优选添加量为7%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with