近邻恒星形成星系的主序关系

为了验证现有孔径改正方法的有效性,基于一个具有星系总体Hα、Hβ发射线流量和紫外(UV)、远红外(FIR)多波段数据的近邻(150 Mpc)星系样本,研究不受孔径效应影响的Hα作为恒星形成率指示剂的恒星形成主序关系,并对Hα和远紫外(FUV)分别作为恒星形成率探针时的主序关系进行对比.结果表明:不受孔径效应影响的Hα作为恒星形成率指示剂的主序关系与已有的利用孔径改正所得主序关系一致,表明通常采用的孔径改正方法可以还原星系整体Hα流量.此外,利用总红外(TIR)与FUV之比以及FUV-NUV颜色对FUV流量进行尘埃消光改正所得FUV作为恒星形成率示踪物的主序关系一致,表明FUV-NUV颜色对FUV流量进行消光改正没有引入更大的误差.     

局部系数应用的假设

宇宙是由许多性质不同的局部宇宙组成的,引入局部系数．在两个局部宇宙中研究银河系与类星体之间大小与质量关系．根据旋涡星系中的恒星的转速与质量关系,找到旋涡星系中的恒星的质量的结构组成,研究旋涡星系中的恒星的转速与各个质量组成关系．     

中低分辨率光谱的恒星大气物理参数自动提取方法

恒星大气物理参数的信息对我们研究恒星和银河系的结构和演化有重要意义。由于多目标光纤光谱仪的发展,人类获取恒星光谱的数量有了极大的增加。但由于这些光谱数量众多,天文学家快速而又精确的提取相应的恒星大气物理参数有很多困难。为此,天文学家发展了一系列新的方法提取恒星的大气物理参数。本文总结了目前主要的恒星大气物理参数估计方法,并对以后可能的重点研究方向给出了建议。     

红外尘泡的研究进展和研究方法

银道面红外巡天发现的一类壳状结构被称作"红外尘泡"(Infrared Dust Bubble),目前普遍认为它是由大质量恒星或星团形成时产生的电离氢区与周围中性介质相互作用形成的,电离氢区膨胀可能触发壳层分子气体中的新一代恒星形成.最初,尘泡被发现主要来自于红外波段的辐射,后来被证实与分子气体有较好的成协性.多波段地研究尘泡与恒星形成的关系是近几年来一个比较热门的课题.已有的观测研究表明,某些尘泡壳层环境中存在着丰富的恒星形成现象,这些恒星形成区与电离氢区的膨胀有着很好的相关性,与理论模型研究结果相符.然而,由于缺少确切的距离等信息,无法确定相互作用关系确实存在,或者说无法给出触发过程发生的确凿证据.本文,首先概要地总结了前人研究红外尘泡与恒星形成方面的重要结论;其次,归纳了研究红外尘泡与恒星形成方面的主要科学方法与手段;最后,总结前人的研究成果,讨论目前研究红外尘泡方面的不足之处,分析研究红外尘泡的发展趋势等.     

非平衡热力学中恒星结构的稳定性研究(Ⅰ)——PPⅠ反应

一、引言迄今为止,人们在研究恒星结构时,往往利用在等熵条件下能量极(小)值原理来寻求平衡状态下星体的结构。这种方法实质上假定恒星是一个处于近平衡态的热力学系统。但实际上,恒星一般具有如下特点:(1)恒星是一个开放系统     

基于神经网络的恒星大气参数自动测量

提出了一种基于神经网络的恒星光谱大气参数的自动测量方法,该方法能够根据恒星的光谱自动得到恒星的三个重要参数:有效温度Teff,表面重力logg和金属丰度[Fe/H]的估计值。首先对实测恒星光谱进行预处理,包括小波去噪,光谱波长统一化;然后通过对训练样本进行PCA分析获得特征空间变换矩阵进行数据降维;最后通过训练好的神经网络得到参数的估计值。实验结果分析表明,该方法比其它估计方法如非参数估计、支持向量回归和偏最小二乘回归具有更高的测量精度。     

多大口径的望远镜，能把除太阳外的恒星显示成非点状的？

<正>A:恒星距离地球非常遥远,因此肉眼看上去都是点状的。通过望远镜把恒星看成非点状,需要望远镜够大,或恒星够近,又或者恒星够大。4.2光年外的比邻星是距离地球最近的恒星,但它太“小”了,直径约是太阳的7分之1。如果有一颗恒星很大,距离地球也不太远,就有可能用望远镜看成非点状。那么,有没有这样的恒星呢？     

基于神经网络的恒星大气参数自动测量

提出了一种基于神经网络的恒星光谱大气参数的自动测量方法,该方法能够根据恒星的光谱自动得到恒星的三个重要参数:有效温度Teff,表面重力log g和金属丰度[Fe/H]的估计值.首先对实测恒星光谱进行预处理,包括小波去噪,光谱波长统一化;然后通过对训练样本进行PCA分析获得特征空间变换矩阵进行数据降维;最后通过训练好的神经网络得到参数的估计值.实验结果分析表明,该方法比其它估计方法如非参数估计、支持向量回归和偏最小二乘回归具有更高的测量精度.     

分子外向流源的近红外测光

星际介质中相对致密的区域是分子云,观测与理论已确认,恒星诞生于分子云。近10年来在恒星形成区不断观测到冷分子气体的高速外流,证明了在恒星演化早期,大多数星都将经历一个高能量的物质喷发阶段。目前对这类源的研究主要是通过CO分子谱线的观测与分析进行的。部分工作涉及分子外向流的中、远红外分析,采用的是红外天文卫星(IRAS)的资料。为了进一步弄清这类天体整个红外谱特征以及它与恒星早期物质喷发的关系,1988年1月、8月和1989年1月、8月,我们在北京天文台兴隆站用新建的     

大质量恒星形成区中CO分子外向流的观测和研究

恒星形成是天体物理学的基本课题之一,而大质量恒星的形成与演化对研究银河系乃至宇宙的演化起着关键作用.目前对于大质量恒星形成的研究还处于不成熟的阶段.CO分子外向流的观测对研究大质量恒星形成过程及其对周围环境的影响具有重要的作用.文章结合国内外CO分子外向流的研究现状,对于CO分子外向流的观测方法和判断标准进行了介绍.     

The age of the Milky Way inner halo

The Milky Way galaxy has several components, such as the bulge, disk and halo. Unravelling the assembly history of these stellar populations is often restricted because of difficulties in measuring accurate ages for low-mass, hydrogen-burning stars. Unlike these progenitors, white dwarf stars, the 'cinders' of stellar evolution, are remarkably simple objects and their fundamental properties can be measured with little ambiguity. Here I report observations of newly formed white dwarf stars in the halo of the Milky Way, and a separate analysis of archival data in the well studied 12.5-billion-year-old globular cluster Messier 4. I measure the mass distribution of the remnant stars and invert the stellar evolution process to develop a mathematical relation that links this final stellar mass to the mass of their immediate progenitors, and therefore to the age of the parent population. By applying this technique to a small sample of four nearby and kinematically confirmed halo white dwarf stars, I calculate the age of local field halo stars to be 11.4?±?0.7 billion years. The oldest globular clusters formed 13.5?billion years ago. Future observations of newly formed white dwarf stars in the halo could be used to reduce the uncertainty, and to probe relative differences between the formation times of the youngest globular clusters and the inner halo.     

Quasi-periodic X-ray brightness fluctuations in an accreting millisecond pulsar

The relativistic plasma flows onto neutron stars that are accreting material from stellar companions can be used to probe strong-field gravity as well as the physical conditions in the supra-nuclear-density interiors of neutron stars. Plasma inhomogeneities orbiting a few kilometres above the stars are observable as X-ray brightness fluctuations on the millisecond dynamical timescale of the flows. Two frequencies in the kilohertz range dominate these fluctuations: the twin kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs). Competing models for the origins of these oscillations (based on orbital motions) all predict that they should be related to the stellar spin frequency, but tests have been difficult because the spins were not unambiguously known. Here we report the detection of kHz QPOs from a pulsar whose spin frequency is known. Our measurements establish a clear link between kHz QPOs and stellar spin, but one not predicted by any current model. A new approach to understanding kHz QPOs is now required. We suggest that a resonance between the spin and general relativistic orbital and epicyclic frequencies could provide the observed relation between QPOs and spin.     

Energetic neutral atoms as the explanation for the high-velocity hydrogen around HD 209458b

Absorption in the stellar Lyman-alpha (Lyalpha) line observed during the transit of the extrasolar planet HD 209458b in front of its host star reveals high-velocity atomic hydrogen at great distances from the planet. This has been interpreted as hydrogen atoms escaping from the planet's exosphere, possibly undergoing hydrodynamic blow-off, and being accelerated by stellar radiation pressure. Energetic neutral atoms around Solar System planets have been observed to form from charge exchange between solar wind protons and neutral hydrogen from the planetary exospheres, however, and this process also should occur around extrasolar planets. Here we show that the measured transit-associated Lyalpha absorption can be explained by the interaction between the exosphere of HD 209458b and the stellar wind, and that radiation pressure alone cannot explain the observations. As the stellar wind protons are the source of the observed energetic neutral atoms, this provides a way of probing stellar wind conditions, and our model suggests a slow and hot stellar wind near HD 209458b at the time of the observations.     

Energy input from quasars regulates the growth and activity of black holes and their host galaxies

In the early Universe, while galaxies were still forming, black holes as massive as a billion solar masses powered quasars. Supermassive black holes are found at the centres of most galaxies today, where their masses are related to the velocity dispersions of stars in their host galaxies and hence to the mass of the central bulge of the galaxy. This suggests a link between the growth of the black holes and their host galaxies, which has indeed been assumed for a number of years. But the origin of the observed relation between black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion, and its connection with the evolution of galaxies, have remained unclear. Here we report simulations that simultaneously follow star formation and the growth of black holes during galaxy-galaxy collisions. We find that, in addition to generating a burst of star formation, a merger leads to strong inflows that feed gas to the supermassive black hole and thereby power the quasar. The energy released by the quasar expels enough gas to quench both star formation and further black hole growth. This determines the lifetime of the quasar phase (approaching 100 million years) and explains the relationship between the black hole mass and the stellar velocity dispersion.     

Systematic variation of the stellar initial mass function in early-type galaxies

Much of our knowledge of galaxies comes from analysing the radiation emitted by their stars, which depends on the present number of each type of star in the galaxy. The present number depends on the stellar initial mass function (IMF), which describes the distribution of stellar masses when the population formed, and knowledge of it is critical to almost every aspect of galaxy evolution. More than 50 years after the first IMF determination, no consensus has emerged on whether it is universal among different types of galaxies. Previous studies indicated that the IMF and the dark matter fraction in galaxy centres cannot both be universal, but they could not convincingly discriminate between the two possibilities. Only recently were indications found that massive elliptical galaxies may not have the same IMF as the Milky Way. Here we report a study of the two-dimensional stellar kinematics for the large representative ATLAS(3D) sample of nearby early-type galaxies spanning two orders of magnitude in stellar mass, using detailed dynamical models. We find a strong systematic variation in IMF in early-type galaxies as a function of their stellar mass-to-light ratios, producing differences of a factor of up to three in galactic stellar mass. This implies that a galaxy's IMF depends intimately on the galaxy's formation history.     

中国就业人数与三大产业产值间的长期均衡分析

利用就业人数与三大产业产值的实际数据对它们之间的关系进行协整检验,表明虽然我国市场机制并未完全建立,但是三大产业产值与就业人数之间依然存在长期的均衡关系.进而用误差修正模型对它们之间的均衡关系做了重新估计.     

环向转动马赫数为常数时的托卡马克平衡位形

在托卡马克等离子体环向转动的马赫数为常数的情况下,对于一定的等离子体压强和电流分布,平衡方程可以化为Grad-Shafranov-Helmholtz方程的形式,其中a1、a2与α的值与没有环向转动的情形均具有相同的物理意义.它可以形成单磁轴的传统嵌套磁面位形,也可以形成多磁轴的电流反向平衡位形.     

人民币均衡实际汇率测度与准确性检验

我国在经济转轨过程中,汇率体制改革和政策调整会使人民币汇率的数据生成过程发生结构突变。在发展中国家均衡实际汇率模型的基础上,建立了基于结构突变的人民币均衡实际汇率模型,通过考察国际收支差额与汇率失调的关系,检验了测算结果的准确性。实证结果显示,在考虑结构突变的情况下,多数基本经济要素变量与人民币实际有效汇率存在显著的长期均衡关系,人民币汇率在2002年以后确实存在一定程度的低估。现实汇率的失调对国际收支平衡的影响非常显著。     

一旋转Kerr-Newman-Kasuya-De Sitter型行电恒星体的一些热力学性质

根据Kerr—Newman—Kasuya—De Sitter(KNKD)度规理论,我们讨论了一旋转荷电—荷磁恒星体的一些热力学性质,得到如下结论: 1.根据KNKD型度规理论,在一旋转荷电—荷磁恒星体的表面存在温度梯度。我们发现,温度从两极到赤道升高,且它们间存在温差。当恒星体半径在r=r_n的球面上坍缩到r=r_n=KQ～2/2R_g时,温度变成均匀的。如果它的半径坍缩到r>r_n的区域,则温度分布在r=常数的球面反转,即是说,两极的温度比赤道的高。很多物理现象将由这种温度梯度的结果而产生。 2.根据理论分析和计算,我们发现,宇宙性质对恒星的热力学性质有贡献。对类星体而言,这种效应更明显。通过观测类星体两极和赤道间的温差,能确定宇宙的空时结构,这对天体物理学是一有意义的结论。     

汾河水体中原生动物平衡期与水体污染指数相关性的研究

通过用PFU法和理化法对汾河水体进行同步监测,揭示了原生动物平衡期与水体污染指数之间的关系。