Surface modification of Ti-49.8at%Ni alloy by Ti ion implantation：phase transformation,corrosion, and cell behavior

The Ti?49.8at%Ni alloy was modified by Ti ion implantation to improve its corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The chemical composition and morphologies of the TiNi alloy surface were determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that Ti ion implantation caused the reduction of Ni concentration and the formation of a TiO2 nano-film on the TiNi alloy. The phase transformation temperatures of the Ti–TiNi alloy remained almost invariable after Ti ion implantation. Electrochemical tests indicated that the corrosion resistance of TiNi increased after Ti ion im-plantation. Moreover, the Ni ion release rate in 0.9% NaCl solution for the TiNi alloy remarkably decreased due to the barrier effect of the TiO2 nano-film. The cell proliferation behavior on Ti-implanted TiNi was better than that on the untreated TiNi after cell culture for 1 d and 3 d.     

Al/Ti对Cu-10Ni合金耐冲刷腐蚀性能的影响

研究微合金化对Cu-10Ni合金耐3.5%NaCl溶液冲刷腐蚀的影响。使用中频真空熔炼炉熔炼Cu-10Ni-1Fe-1Mn-X（X=0.2Al或0.2Ti）合金,使用相同的热处理及冷变形工艺制备样品后与Cu-10Ni合金一起进行冲刷腐蚀实验。通过扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope,SEM）、X射线衍射仪（X-ray diffractometer,XRD）、电化学腐蚀、电化学阻抗谱（electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,EIS）、X射线光电子能谱仪（X-ray photoelectron spectrometer,XPS）、质量损失测试等对样品进行分析表征。结果表明：加入0.2Al/0.2Ti后的Cu-10Ni合金的耐冲刷腐蚀能力得到提高。这是由于在Cu-10Ni-0.2Al合金及Cu-10Ni-0.2Ti合金表面耐腐蚀膜中分别含有Al₂O₃、TiO₂,提高了样品的耐冲刷腐蚀能力;Cu-10Ni-0.2Ti合金耐冲刷腐蚀能力略强于Cu-10Ni-0.2Al合金的,这是因为Cu-10Ni-0.2Al合金在Cl^?富集的环境中易吸收Cl^?,从而导致膜层有一定的裂纹。     

Microstructure s and mechanical properties of Ti3Al/Ni-based superalloy joints arc welded with Ti –Nb and Ti– Ni – Nb filler alloys

Dissimilar joining of Ti3Al-based alloy to Ni-based superalloy has been carried out using gas tungsten arc(GTA) welding technology with Ti–Nb and Ti–Ni–Nb filler alloys.The joint welded with the Ti–Nb filler alloy contained much less interfacial brittle phases than the one using the Ti–Ni–Nb filler alloy.The average room-temperature tensile strength of the joint welded with Ti–Nb was 202 MPa and the strength value of the one welded with Ti–Ni–Nb was 128 MPa.For both fillers,the weak links of the dissimilar joints were the weld/In718 interfaces.The presence of TiNi,TiNi3 and Ni3Nb intermetallic compounds in the joint welded with Ti–Ni–Nb induced microcracks at the weld/In718 interface and deteriorated the mechanical properties of the joint.And the adoption of the Ti–Nb filler alloy decreased the formation tendency of interfacial brittle phases to some extent and thus enhanced the tensile strength of the joint.     

磁控溅射表面镀膜对Nd2Fe14B稀土永磁体抗腐蚀性能的影响

在Nd₂Fe₁₄B稀土永磁体基体表面,采用磁控溅射（直流+射频）技术制备了Ti/Ni,Ti/Al和Al/Ni等二元合金薄膜和Ti/Al/Ni三元合金薄膜。并通过中性盐雾试验、腐蚀失重计算、电化学腐蚀试验、金相观察等方式,对比研究了不同表面处理对Nd₂Fe₁₄B稀土永磁体基体抗腐蚀性能的影响,并构建了腐蚀模型。研究发现：Ti/Ni,Ti/Al和Al/Ni等二元合金薄膜和Ti/Al/Ni三元合金薄膜均有效地提高了Nd₂Fe₁₄B稀土永磁体基体耐中性盐雾腐蚀和电化学腐蚀的能力;Ti/Al/Ni三元合金薄膜较Ti/Ni,Ti/Al和Al/Ni等二元合金薄膜有更优良的综合耐腐蚀性能,其磁控溅射工艺参数为：Ar流量60 sccm,基片温度常温,Ni,Al,Ti的溅射功率都为250 W,基片转速20 r·min^-1,镀膜均速0.3 nm·s^-1,总计溅射时间1 h。     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Ti_2AlNb/TiAl brazed joint using newly-developed Ti–Ni–Nb–Zr filler alloy

Joining of Ti_2AlNb alloy to TiAl intermetallics was conducted by the newly-developed Ti–Ni–Nb–Zr brazing filler alloy.The microstructure evolution of the joints was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD).The macro-micro mechanical properties were studied by shear test and nano-indentation test.Typical interfacial microstructures across the brazing seam were Ti_2AlNb substrate,α_2-Ti_3Al+β-Ti,γ-TiAl+Ti_2Ni+TiNi+α_2-Ti_3Al,α_2-Ti_3Al+β-Ti,TiAl substrate.The Ti_2Ni phase were firstly dissolved in the joints brazed at 1000°C for 10 min and then precipitated after a prolonged holding time of 15 min.The nano-indentation test revealed that Ti_2Ni phase exhibited the highest hardness of 12.60 GPa.The joints brazed at 1000°C/15 min presented the maximum shear strength of271 MPa.The dissolution and precipitation behavior of Ti_2Ni phase was also discussed.     

Burn-resistant behavior and mechanism of Ti14 alloy

The direct-current simulation burning method was used to investigate the burn-resistant behavior of Ti14 titanium alloy. The results show that Ti14 alloy exhibits a better burn resistance than TC4 alloy (Ti–6Al–4V). Cu is observed to preferentially migrate to the surface of Ti14 alloy during the burning reaction, and the burned product contains Cu, Cu₂O, and TiO₂. An oxide layer mainly comprising loose TiO₂ is observed beneath the burned product. Meanwhile, Ti₂Cu precipitates at grain boundaries near the interface of the oxide layer, preventing the contact between O₂ and Ti and forming a rapid diffusion layer near the matrix interface. Consequently, a multiple-layer structure with a Cu-enriched layer (burned product)/Cu-lean layer (oxide layer)/Cu-enriched layer (rapid diffusion layer) configuration is formed in the burn heat-affected zone of Ti14 alloy; this multiple-layer structure is beneficial for preventing O₂ diffusion. Furthermore, although Al can migrate to form Al₂O₃ on the surface of TC4 alloy, the burn-resistant ability of TC4 is unimproved because the Al₂O₃ is discontinuous and not present in sufficient quantity.     

低温电解条件下铝电解用NiFe_2O_4-10NiO基金属陶瓷阳极Fe元素腐蚀行为研究

采用粉末冶金技术制备出铝电解用NiFe2O4-10NiO陶瓷基体和30(40Cu-Ni)/(NiFe2O4-10NiO)金属陶瓷阳极,并在低温电解条件下,对NiFe2O4陶瓷相中Fe元素的腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明,在烧结过程中,NiFe2O4尖晶石陶瓷基体会在氮气中发生离解,在动态化学腐蚀试验和电解试验中,陶瓷相中的Fe元素更容易进入电解质;电解24h后,铝液中Fe、Ni、Cu的含量分别为0.45%、0.13%和0.03%。     

时效近等原子比钛镍形状记忆合金TEM分析

应用TEM分析技术对一种富Ni钛镍形状记忆合金时效后的组织进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,在不同温度下时效析出物的相结构和形态是不同的 .在 6 73～ 773K温度时 ,析出物都是Ti1 1 Ni1 4 相 ,随时效温度的提高 ,析出物的形态由细点状变为透镜状截面的椭圆板 ,这种相与B2母相是共格的 ,它的应变场使R相变与马氏体相变分离 ,Ti1 1 Ni1 4 相的析出会改善钛镍形状记忆合金的性质 .此外 ,在更高温度下时效合金将析出稳定的TiNi3相 ,该相与基体没有共格关系 ,同时导致基体镍含量下降 ,提高了马氏体转变温度 .     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl/TiAl joints brazed with a newly developed Ti–Ni–Nb–Zr quaternary filler alloy

A novel Ti-Ni-Nb-Zr quaternary filler alloy with the composition of Ti-(19～25)Ni-(15～25)(Nb+Zr)(wt.%) was designed.The filler alloy was composed of(Ti,Nb)ss,(Ti,Zr,Nb)ss+(Ti,Zr)₂Ni,α-Ti and Ti₂Ni phases.It was fabricated into filler foil with a thickness of about 45 μm by a rapid solidification technique.The results indicate that the liquidus temperature of the Ti-Ni-Nb-Zr brazing alloy was about 978℃,and the brazing alloy presented excellent wettability on TiAl substrate.T...     

超细片层NbTi/TiNi记忆合金复合材料的制备与功能特性

基于NbTi-TiNi共晶型相变,经成分分析,通过电弧熔炼制备几种具有NbTi和TiNi记忆合金铸态双相组织的NbTiNi合金。这种合金是一种原位自生的NbTi/TiNi记忆合金复合材料,具有复合比可控(通过调整Ni或Nb含量)、可逆马氏体相变温度可调(通过调整Ti/Ni比例)的特点。通过对其辅以常规的锻造、拔丝等大变形工艺加工,使NbTi和TiNi组元细化至微米级别,进一步得到复合组元比表面大、分布均匀、界面强度高的超细片层NbTi/TiNi记忆合金复合丝材料。通过热膨胀仪和万能拉伸试验机对其进行热膨胀和力学性能测试。结果表明,该复合材料不但具有很高的屈服强度(超过1.6 GPa),还具有负膨胀点记忆效应、应变软模效应等新功能特性。     

Preparation of porous nanoparticle TiO2 films for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

A TiO2 paste was prepared by mixing commercial TiO2 (P25), ethanol, distilled water and a small amount of Ti (IV) tetrai-sopropoxide (TTIP), following by a hydrothermal treatment. Before hydrothermal treatment, a stirring for 48 h can prevent cracking TiO2 films. TTIP significantly promote the chemical connection between TiO2 particles and its adherence to the substrate, the TTIP amount of 6 mol% is suitable. UV irradiation can remove some impurities and water from the TiO2 film with an optimal time of 2 h. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photovoltaic tests are charac- terized and measured. Shortcircuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and photoelectric conversion efficiencies for the fabricated flexible dye-sensitized solar cell are 7.20 mA cm-2, 0.769 V, 0.686 and 3.84%, respectively, under irradiation with a simulated solar light of 100 mW cm-2.     

Microstructure and electrolysis behavior of self-healing Cu-Ni-Fe composite inert anodes for aluminum electrowinning

The microstructure evolution and electrolysis behavior of (Cu₅₂Ni₃₀Fe₁₈)-xNiFe₂O₄ (x=40wt%, 50wt%, 60wt%, and 70wt%) composite inert anodes for aluminum electrowinning were studied. NiFe₂O₄ was synthesized by solid-state reaction at 950℃. The dense anode blocks were prepared by ball-milling followed by sintering under a N₂ atmosphere. The phase evolution of the anodes after sintering was determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results indicate that a substitution reaction between Fe in the alloy phase and Ni in the oxide phase occurs during the sintering process. The samples were also examined as inert anodes for aluminum electrowinning in the low-temperature KF-NaF-AlF₃ molten electrolyte for 24 h. The cell voltage during electrolysis and the corrosion scale on the anodes were analyzed. The results confirm that the scale has a self-repairing function because of the synergistic reaction between the alloy phase with Fe added and the oxide phase. The estimated wear rate of the (Cu₅₂Ni₃₀Fe₁₈)-50NiFe₂O₄ composite anode is 2.02 cm·a-1.     

纳米尺寸合金Ti—Ni,Zr—Ni结构与有机多烯分子的等瓣相似

纳米尺寸TiNi,ZrNi合金的理论研究表明,这些合金以Ti-Ni,Zr-Ni金属对为基元堆积而成。（TiNi)n,(ZrNi)n团簇结构与有机多烯分子等瓣相似,无论是链式结构或环式结构,都出现明显的强弱键交替的定域键,与一般合金团簇中离域键占主导作用相差甚远,这可能也是形状记忆功能的原因。     

Nb-Ni-Ti系低Ti侧三元化合物及其相平衡

采用合金平衡组织结构分析法,利用扫描电镜组织观察和能谱成分分析、电子探针定量成分分析以及X射线衍射结构分析,并结合热分析,对Nb-Ni-Ti系低Ti侧化合物XB及其相关相平衡进行了研究.结果表明,在Nb-Ni-Ti三元系1000℃和1100℃等温截面相图中都存在着三相区XB+(Nb)+TiNi,化合物XB可与Nb基固溶体(Nb)和TiNi相保持固态相平衡直到约1133℃.Nb-Ni-Ti三元系在1133℃发生三相共晶转变LTiNi+XB;由于液相L的形成,XB相不再与TiNi相和Nb基固溶体平衡.1150℃时Nb-Ni-Ti三元系等温截面相图中存在着XB+(Nb)+L三相区,XB相与Nb基固溶体和液相平衡共存.     

表面纳米化0Cr18Ni9Ti/TA17加镍中间层扩散连接

采用高能喷丸(HESP)对TA17钛合金与0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢棒材端面表面进行自纳米化(SSNC)处理;采用镍箔作为中间层,在不同温度(800～875℃)下对处理后的钛合金／不锈钢进行脉冲加压扩散连接(PPDB).对接头剖面组织进行金相观察;在拉伸试验机上测试接头拉伸强度,对断面进行SEM,EDS和XRD结构物相分析.研究结果表明:在850℃时接头拉伸强度达到最高,为322.8 MPa;连接后接头界面处纳米晶粒没有完全长大,存在细晶粒区;镍箔有效地阻止了Fe-Ti脆性金属间化合物的形成,在接头处形成β-Ti,(Fe,Ni)固溶体和Ti-Ni金属间化合物(Ti2Ni,TiNi,TiNi3);断裂发生在Ni层与Ti-Ni金属间化合物界面处.     

Isothermal oxidation behavior and mechanism of a nickel-based superalloy at 1000℃

The oxidation behavior of a nickel-based superalloy at 1000℃ in air was investigated through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis. A series of oxides, including external oxide scales (Cr₂O₃, (TiO₂ + MnCr₂O₄)) and internal oxides (Al₂O₃,TiN), were formed on the surface or sub-surface of the substrate at 1000℃ in experimental still air. The oxidation resistance of the alloy was dependent on the stability of the surface oxide layer. The continuity and density of the protective Cr₂O₃ scale were affected by minor alloying elements such as Ti and Mn. The outermost oxide scale was composed of TiO₂ rutile and MnCr₂O₄ spinel, and the growth of TiO₂ particles was controlled by the outer diffusion of Ti ions through the pre-existing oxide layer. Severe internal oxidation occurred beneath the external oxide scale, consuming Al and Ti of the strength phase γ' (Ni₃(Al,Ti)) and thereby severely deteriorating the surface mechanical properties. The depth of the internal oxidation region was approximately 35 μm after exposure to experimental air at 1000℃ for 80 h.     

镍基合金CMSX-4在3.5wt.% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

研究二代镍基合金CMSX-4在质量分数为3.5% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,对该类合金在海洋性环境条件下的应用具有深远意义。通过动电位极化方法研究室温条件下镍基合金CMSX-4在3.5 wt.% NaCl溶液中的电化学行为,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱分析仪（EDS）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对合金表面阳极腐蚀产物进行微观形貌观察及成分分析。研究表明,CMSX-4合金具有一定的钝化能力,钝化区间比较宽广;在镍基合金CMSX-4表面上形成的腐蚀产物可大致分为两层,表层主要由Ni （OH）₂、Cr （OH）₃、Co （OH）₂和Al （OH）₃等氢氧化物组成,内层主要分布着NiO、Al₂O₃、CoO、Cr₂O₃和CrO₃等氧化物及组成合金基体的各种金属;由Ni （OH）₂和Cr （OH）₃等氢氧化物组成的腐蚀产物膜外层能够在腐蚀介质和金属之间产生较好的屏蔽效果;构成腐蚀产物膜内层的NiO、Al₂O₃、Cr₂O₃和CrO₃等氧化物有利于产物膜内层与外层之间建立一定的空间电荷区,对稳定腐蚀产物内层有很大帮助。研究表明CMSX-4合金在海洋性环境中具有一定的耐蚀性能。     

Micro-arc oxidization fabrication and ethanol sensing performance of Fe-doped TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> thin films

In-situ pure TiO₂ and Fe-doped TiO₂ thin films were synthesized on Ti plates via the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique. The as-fabricated anatase TiO₂ thin film-based conductometric sensors were employed to measure the gas sensitivity to ethanol. The results showed that Fe ions could be easily introduced into the MAO-TiO₂ thin films by adding precursor K₄(FeCN)₆·3H₂O into the Na₃PO₄ electrolyte. The amount of doped Fe ions increased almost linearly with the concentration of K₄(FeCN)₆·3H₂O increasing, eventually affecting the ethanol sensing performances of TiO₂ thin films. It was found that the enhanced sensor signals obtained had an optimal concentration of Fe dopant (1.28at%), by which the maximal gas sensor signal to 1000 ppm ethanol was estimated to be 7.91 at 275°C. The response time was generally reduced by doped Fe ions, which could be ascribed to the increase of oxygen vacancies caused by Fe³⁺ substituting for Ti⁴⁺.     

Fluorescence and sensitization performance of phenylene-vinylene-substituted polythiophene

A new kind of polythiophene derivative, Poly(3-{2-[4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-phenyl]-vinyl}-2,2′-bithiophene) (PTh), was applied in dye-sensitized solar cell to extend the light response of nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode. UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra were employed to investigate the interaction of PTh with nanocrystalline TiO2. The absorption coefficient of the PTh was high in visible part of spec- trum, and the fluorescence emission of the PTh can be efficiently quenched by TiO2 nanoparticles ow- i...     

Investigation on the explosive welding mechanism of corrosion-resisting aluminum and stainless steel tubes through finite element simulation and experiments

To solve the difficulty in the explosive welding of corrosion-resistant aluminum and stainless steel tubes, three technologies were proposed after investigating the forming mechanism through experiments. Then, a 3D finite element model was established for systematic simulations in the parameter determination. The results show that the transition-layer approach, the coaxial initial assembly of tubes with the top-center-point the detonation, and the systematic study by numerical modeling are the key technologies to make the explosive welding of LF6 aluminum alloy and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel tubes feasible. Numerical simulation shows that radial contraction and slope collision through continuous local plastic deformation are necessary for the good bonding of tubes. Stand-off distances between tubes (D₁ and D₂) and explosives amount (R) have effect on the plastic deformation, moving velocity, and bonding of tubes. D₁ of 1 mm, D₂ of 2 mm, and R of 2/3 are suitable for the explosive welding of LF6-L2-1Cr18Ni9Ti three-layer tubes. The plastic strain and moving velocity of the flyer tubes increase with the increase of stand-off distance. More explosives (R>2/3) result in the asymmetrical distribution of plastic strain and non-bonding at the end of detonation on the tubes.