小鼠颈部异位心脏移植模型建立的改进

建立了易行、可靠的小鼠颈部异位心脏移植模型,探讨完善小鼠颈部异位心脏移植模型的建立和手术方式的改进.在显微镜下对受体手术,游离受体右侧静外静脉和颈总动脉.对供体,经下腔静脉注射肝素钠全身肝素化后,于低温下切取供心;采用供心无名动脉与受体颈总动脉端端间断吻合,供心肺动脉与受体颈外静脉端端吻合,进行小鼠颈部异位心脏移植.术后通过视诊和触诊检测供心心跳,病理学检查移植心排斥情况.共进行实验50例,其中同系移植25例,同种异基因移植25例.术后复跳率92%;7 d存活率90%,1例因术后失血过多于第1 d死亡,供心总缺血时间40 min.改进后的术式手术成功率高,术中暴露充分、血管处理简单、手术创伤小、污染机率小等,是简单、实用、可靠的手术方式.     

8例腹部闭合性损伤胰腺断裂伤手术治疗分析

目的:探讨腹部闭合性损伤,胰腺断裂伤手术治疗疗效。方法:对8例腹部闭合性损伤,胰头、颈、体及尾部断裂伤病例手术治疗进行分析。结果:8例患者中2例为胰十二指肠切除术;5例为胰腺近断端缝合,远断端与空肠做Roux-en-Y形吻合;1例为胰尾部切除。全部病例均治愈,无死亡病例。结论:用胰十二指肠切除术;胰腺近断端缝合,远断端与空肠Roux-en-Y形吻合;胰尾部切除治疗胰腺断裂伤患者可获得满意的效果,值得临床推广运用。     

肾静脉套管法建立大鼠腹部心脏移植模型

目的建立一种快速、有效的大鼠异位心脏移植模型。方法以雄性SD大鼠为供体,Wistar大鼠为受体,将供心的升主动脉与受体的腹主动脉行端侧吻合,切除受体的左肾,将供心的肺动脉与受体的左肾静脉以自制聚乙烯管直接插入法连接。结果35例实验成功32例,成功率91.4%,受体存活时间平均为(25.3±9.8)d。失败的原因:吻合口出血,血栓形成。结论本术式操作简单实用,不需手术显微镜,易于推广。     

犬门腔静脉吻合术的操作及在实验医学的用途

31条犬施行门腔静脉吻合术,术后24小时内死亡6条,其他25条均获长期存活。经验与体会是:吻合口位置宜低,作吻合处的下腔静脉和门静脉分支仅游离其两旁的浆膜;用心耳钳阻断门腔静脉血流,且钳刃越薄越好;吻合口前后壁均用一般连续缝合;吻合口必须大于1.5公分。本手术在实验医学的用途是:作为外科性急性肝昏迷动物模型的第一步造型手术;研究慢性肝脑病时中枢神经组织化学和病理形态学改变;研究肝移植供肝灌注液的最佳温度和成分;研究和选择用于肝保存的细胞膜稳定剂;研究血浆各种氨基酸在肝脑病时的作用。     

梗阻性结肠癌急症一期切除手术治疗（附18例报告）

1 临床资料1.1 一般资料本组男性15 例女性3 例发病年龄最小46 岁最大82 岁平均58.8 岁右半结肠癌6 例6/18 33%左半结肠癌10 例10/18 56%横结肠癌2 例2/18 11%1.2 治疗时机全部病例皆经急诊手术治疗我们认为结肠癌一旦诊断即积极术前准备力争早期手术治疗必要的术前补液胃肠减压与抗炎1.3 手术方式1.3.1 梗阻性结肠癌一期除吻合手术治疗12 例其中癌瘤位于右半结肠者6 例皆行右半结肠一期切除回肠与横结吻端或端侧吻合癌瘤位于左半结肠4 例横结肠2例术中结肠道减压灌洗2 后一期切除肿瘤并一期吻合1.3.2 肿瘤一期切除吻合近端造瘘4 例全部是左…     

医源性胆道损伤的原因及处理

随着外科腹部手术的广泛开展,医源性胆道损伤的发病率相应增加。笔者总结甘肃省人民医院普外科及广河县人民医院普外科两家医院１９８８年—１９９８年间发生的１１例胆道损伤的病例,着重讨论胆道损伤的原因及处理。１临床资料本组１１例,男６例,女５例,年龄２２－７２岁,平均年龄４９－７岁。其中从外院转来３例,因急性胆囊炎急诊手术损伤部分胆管的５例,行胃大部切除时因十二指肠溃疡挛缩与胆总管粘连,分离时损伤胆总管１例,２例行胆囊切除时,将胆总管认为胆囊管而误扎。外院转来３例将胆总管横断,远端结扎,近端开放而出现腹…     

把导管从胳膊插入心脏

1952年,德国的一位25岁助理外科医生福斯曼报告了一项惊人的实验结果--将一条长达65厘米的导管从人的左肘静脉插入,再经上腔静脉,最后将导管插入右心房.     

U型交锁缝合式胰肠吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的对胰十二指肠切除术中胰肠吻合口缝合技术进行改进,以提高预防胰瘘的发生几率。方法对20例胰十二指肠切除术患者采用胰空肠端端套入及U型交锁缝合式胰肠吻合,对照分析采用传统胰肠吻合的胰十二指肠切除患者18例。结果胰空肠端端套入并U型交锁缝合式胰肠吻合时间平均20 min,手术时间大大缩短,与没有进行胰肠吻合口瘘患者相比,两组在平均手术时间、住院天数、胰瘘、腹腔出血、胃肠吻合口出血的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胰空肠端端套入并U型交锁缝合式胰肠吻合术,操作简单、减少了手术时间及术后并发症,明显改善了胰肠吻合缝合技术。     

全膀胱切除-回肠新膀胱术26例报告

目的：探索全膀胱切除术后保留较好生活质量的手术方法,方法：按经典方法行全膀胱切除术,但术中尽量保留膀胱外括约肌及膜部尿道,并取约60cm带血管蒂的末段回肠,于肠系膜对侧缘纵形剖形成肠片,再将该肠片以“W”形折叠、,缝合为球形的新膀胱。双侧输尿管断端吻合于球形新膀胱、新膀胱的底部与尿道残端吻合。结果：1994．4－2000．4进行该手术26例,其中23例术后能自控排尿、无尿失禁、每次排尿量200－600mL。3例术后排尿困难。所有患者术后血电解质基本正常。B超检查无肾、输尿管扩张积水,膀胱造影无膀胱输尿管返流,膀胱尿道镜检查无尿道肿瘤复发。结论：新膀胱术术后有良好的排尿功能,膀胱容量大、压力低、自控排尿功能好,术后并发症少,是浸润性膀胱癌手术方式的一个优良选择。     

全直肠系膜切除联合双器械吻合在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用

目的探讨双器械吻合技术联合全直肠系膜切除在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用和临床疗效。方法在全直肠系膜切除的基础上,应用双器械吻合技术,对103例低位直肠癌行低位或超低位吻合,随访3年,回顾性分析其根治性、术后排便功能、手术并发症、局部复发率。结果中低位吻合31例,超低位吻合72例;无切端癌残留,无大便失禁,无吻合口漏;全组无手术死亡;肿瘤局部复发率5.8%(6/103)。结论在全直肠系膜切除基础上,利用双器械吻合技术行低位直肠癌保肛手术是保持排便功能,减少并发症,减少局部复发,提高生活质量的有效方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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