Free amino acids of the haemolymph of the cotton leaf-worm,Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval full-grown larvae,infected with nuclear-polyhedrosis virus

Summary Free amino acids in the haemolymph ofSpodoptera littoralis full-grown larvae infected with a nuclearpolyhedrosis virus were compared with those in the haemolymph of normal insects. Amino acids were separated by 2-dimensional paper chromatography and quantified colorimetrically. Most of the amino acids in the haemolymph of diseased full-grown larvae decreased markedly in concentration but proline, lysine, aspartic acid and histidine occurred in greater concentration in the haemolymph of diseased full-grown larvae than in the haemolymph of healthy insects.     

Ergebnisse der Flimmer-Elektroretinographie

Summary Some recent experimental results on retinal flicker and fusion are presented. The use of flicker electro-retinography provides an objective and quantitative method of testing rod and cone function independently. The results in human normal and diseased eyes are in full agreement with the duplicity theory of vision. The flicker fusion-intensity relation for man, cat, guinea pig, pigeon, frog, and gecko shows different values for (i) the maximum fusion frequencies within the cone and the rod system, (ii) the intensity level required to produce cone and rod flicker response. Records from single retinal ganglion cells in the cat's eye show fusion frequencies to be related to the initial spike frequency during slow flicker.

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Auszug aus der von der Med. Fakultät der Universität Freiburg i. Br. angenommenen Habilitationsschrift.     

Darstellung und physikochemische Charakterisierung der Peptidketten des Tabakmosaikvirus

Summary Highly purified tobacco mosaic virus was split by different methods, the ribonucleic acid removed and the size of the protein sub-unit determined by sedimentation and diffusion. The value for the molecular weight of a polypeptide chain of the tobacco mosaic virus was calculated to be 17–18 000.     

Einwirkung einiger Carbonylreagentien auf das Virus der Maul- und Klauenseuche (MKS)

Summary The virus of foot and mouth disease is inactivated by hydroxylamine, hydrazine and semicarbazide. Such inactivated virus does not differ serologically from intact virus, and represents an interesting antigen for purposes of immunization.

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Herrn Dr.G. A. Moosbrugger, Leiter des Eidg. Vakzine-Instituts in Basel, danken wir, dass er uns die Durchführung dieser Untersuchungen ermöglicht hat.     

Expression of the genes of interferons and other cytokines in normal and diseased tissues of man

Summary Specific interferon genes are transcribed at low levels in the spleen, liver, and peripheral blood leukocytes of normal individuals in the apparent absence of virus infection while other interferon genes remain unexpressed in the same tissues. In contrast, the genes of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF are expressed at relatively high levels in the organs of normal individuals. The level of expression of the IL-1, IL-6 and TNF genes is markedly reduced in the livers of patients with autoimmune liver disease compared to the level of expression in the liver of normal individuals, whereas the expression of interferon genes is similar in both normal and diseased liver, suggesting that a defect in the expression of specific cytokines is associated with severe liver disease.     

Expression of the genes of interferons and other cytokines in normal and diseased tissues of man

Specific interferon genes are transcribed at low levels in the spleen, liver, and peripheral blood leukocytes of normal individuals in the apparent absence of virus infection while other interferon genes remain unexpressed in the same tissues. In contrast, the genes of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF are expressed at relatively high levels in the organs of normal individuals. The level of expression of the IL-1, IL-6 and TNF genes is markedly reduced in the livers of patients with autoimmune liver disease compared to the level of expression in the liver of normal individuals, whereas the expression of interferon genes is similar in both normal and diseased liver, suggesting that a defect in the expression of specific cytokines is associated with severe liver disease.     

White leaf disease ofCynodon dactylon Pers., a mycoplasmal disease in India

Summary White leaf disease of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon Pers.) has been reported from a few countries to be caused by a mycoplasma-like organism. We have tried to observe the causal agent in white leaf diseased plants ofC. dactylon collected near Varanasi. Both tetracycline treatment and electron microscopy have revealed the presence of mycoplasma-like bodies in phloem cells of the diseased plants.     

Die Veränderungen der Succinodehydrase-Aktivität in Detroit-6 (VA) Zellen,infolge der Infektion mit demHepatitis-infectiosa-Virus

Summary The inhibitory action ofHepatitis infectiosa virus on the SDH activity of Detroit-6 (VA) cell lines was investigated. The full inhibition of the SDH activity took place at the end of the third day after the infection. As this phenomenon precedes the cytopathogenetic effect of viral infection, it may be of some help in the early detection of the infection.     

«Colony-stimulating activity» im Serum und der Milz nach Rauscher Virusinfektion

Summary Colony-stimulating activity (CSA) of serum and spleen was studied in CBA/J mice 1–5 days after Rauscher virus infection, using the agar culture system with normal mouse bone marrow cells as target cells. A sharp increase of CSA was observed with a peak after 2 days in both sites; after 5 days control levels are reached.

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Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 112, Zellsystemphysiologie).     

Zur Methodik der elektrophoretischen Untersuchung der Proteine der Speicheldrüsensekrete

Summary Several methods have been studied for concentrating the human saliva in order to get reliable electrophoresis patterns. The best method is a dialysis in a cellophane tube against veronal buffer (pH 8.2) followed by vacuum exsiccation.     

Serum tyrosinase in human lung carcinoma

Summary Compared to normal humans, lung carcinoma patients show increased tyrosinase activity. 7 serum enzymic fractions or carriers were present in the diseased state. Further, serum tyrosinase inhibitory factors generally were decreased in lung carcinoma patients compared to normal individuals.This investigation was supported by NIH grants CA-16563-01 and CA-16563-02 from National Cancer Institute.     

Von der Mathematik der nervösen Ordnungsleistung

Summary An exact analysis of the coordination of movements in arthropods and vertebrates leads to the rejection of older explanations in terms of reflex physiology and to a dynamic conception of the process in the central nervous system, which admits of representation by a physical model (as well as of a mathematical formulation). This conception carries with it the implication that locomotion is caused by automatic elements that work in the rhythm of locomotion and are prior to the motor elements.This view stands in close relation to the physiology of the nervous system and to Gestalt psychology.     

Antisense-mediated redirection of mRNA splicing

Antisense technology has been used to study basic biological processes, and to block these processes when they deleteriously lead to human disease. A separate, equally important application of antisense technology is to upregulate the gene expression lost in the diseased state by shifting alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNA. This strategy has commonly relied upon the use of antisense oligonucleotides; however, another approach is to use a plasmid construct to generate antisense RNA inside the cell. Antisense therapeutics based on expression vectors and viral vectors offers a gene therapy approach, whereas those based on oligonucleotides offers a more drug like approach.     

Serum thyrosinase in human lung carcinoma.

Compared to normal humans, lung carcinoma patients show increased tyrosinase activity. 7 serum enzymic fractions or carriers were present in the diseased state. Further, serum tyrosinase inhibitory factors generally were decreased in lung carcinoma patients compared to normal individuals.     

Diptera of Calliphora genus, potential carriers and spreaders of swine vesicular disease virus]

Swine Vesicular Disease virus ingested by the adult fly Calliphora persists several days in the digestive tract of the insect and is eliminated in feces. The virus ingested by the insect at larval stage has been recovered from the digestive tract and feces of adult flies. Thus, the dissemination of the virus, even in a limited fashion, seems to be possible and attention is chiefly centered on the second process.     

基于度相关性的病毒传播模型及其分析

近年来网络病毒传播已对网络安全构成严重威胁.研究表明,互联网宏观拓扑结构与病毒传播有很大关系.度相关性是互联网宏观拓扑的一个重要特征,度相关性的改变意味着互联网拓扑结构的变化.通过度相关特征分析,发现互联网的异配性呈现减弱趋势;本文使用DPR算法构造连续匹配系数的网络拓扑,以便在具有不同匹配系数上的网络上进行病毒传播实验,以此研究病毒的传播速度、稳态感染率、传播临界值;然后根据传统病毒传播模型SIS,建立了适合因特网上的病毒传播模型SIS-DVDI,并进行病毒传播实验,分析了病毒传播的稳态特性和瞬态特性;最后根据先前仿真实验得出的结论探讨了网络病毒的防护措施.     

Distribution of chlorophyllase activity and levels of chlorophylls a and b in sandal (Santalum album L.) affected by spike disease

Summary Compared to healthy specimens, the levels of chlorophylls a and b and the activity of chlorophyllase towards the two pigments remained lower in the leaves of spiked sandal at all stages of leaf development, except in the senescing diseased leaves where the chlorophyllase activity showed a steep rise.     

Proliferationen der Fischepidermis nach der Einwirkung von inhibitoren des glykolytischen Energiestoffwechsels

Summary When fluoride-ions or monoiodoacetate is added to the ambient medium, there occur in fish larvae after 12 h, and in eels after 24 h, in some places, solid epidermal proliferations. The effect of glycolysis inhibitors on epidermal mitotic activity might be due to an impairment of energy metabolism as it is nullified by a simultaneous application of inorganic diphosphate or by doubled O₂ partial pressure of 320 mm Hg.     

Alkaline phosphatase activity in normal and denervated skeletal muscle

Summary Changes in the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase in the normal and denervated skeletal muscle have been studied both histochemically as well as biochemically for a maximum period of 8 weeks of its postnatal development. In the normal muscle, a heterogenous population of fibres with respect to the enzyme distribution is observed. Relatively higher levels of enzyme in the denervated muscle and also the proliferation of extrafibrillar connective tissue in the diseased muscle show its specific association with the lytic processes.