电脉冲下矿物掺合料对砂浆硫酸盐侵蚀的影响

通过对掺与不掺矿物掺合料的水泥砂浆分别在电脉冲和浸泡条件下进行外观和强度比较,研究了电脉冲作用下矿物掺合料对水泥砂浆硫酸盐侵蚀的影响,并利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对试件内部进行了微观结构分析.试验结果表明:电脉冲加速了外部SO_4~(2-)向砂浆内部迁移,SO_4~(2-)与水泥水化产物反应生成大量钙矾石,使得试件短时间内出现明显的开裂、脱落以及强度损失;矿物掺合料改善了砂浆的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,掺量越高改善效果越明显,然而在电脉冲作用下掺矿物掺合料的砂浆仍受到明显的硫酸盐侵蚀.可见,电脉冲加速了硫酸盐侵蚀,这为快速评价水泥基材料的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能提供了新的思路.     

水泥基材料在硫酸盐结晶侵蚀下的劣化行为

采用水泥砂浆在硫酸钠溶液中半浸泡的试验方法,测试不同配比的砂浆外观形貌、抗压抗折强度等宏观性能,并通过分析砂浆孔结构、孔隙率、微观形貌以及腐蚀产物,探讨半浸泡条件下,硫酸盐结晶对砂浆造成侵蚀破坏的影响因素。研究结果表明:在半浸泡条件下,砂浆表面所生成的白色硫酸钠晶体含量与砂浆的水灰比和掺入的矿物掺合料有关;随着半浸泡时间增加,水泥砂浆表面逐渐被剥蚀,抗压抗折强度先增大后逐渐降低;砂浆中孔径在30nm以上的孔是导致砂浆受到侵蚀的主要孔隙;大量结晶物聚集在砂浆孔隙中并结晶膨胀造成了砂浆的物理结晶侵蚀;掺入适量的活性矿物掺合料能有效降低砂浆中孔径在30nm以上毛细孔的数量,提高砂浆抗硫酸盐结晶侵蚀能力。     

PCA对低水灰比砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀的影响

以不同含量C3A和CaCO3的水泥以及不同的高效减水剂为原材料,对低水胶比水泥砂浆在硫酸盐环境下的抗压和抗折抗蚀系数等进行测试,研究了不同水泥成分条件下,丙烯酸类聚羧酸PCA—Ⅰ减水剂和马来酸类聚羧酸PCA—Ⅱ减水剂对低水灰比砂浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响。结果表明,根据水泥矿物组成和C3A含量,合理确定聚羧酸减水剂品种,掺聚羧酸减水剂的低水灰比水泥砂浆具有良好的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。     

电脉冲用于混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀加速试验方法初探

实际工程中水泥混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀过程缓慢,常采用加速试验方法评价其抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。通过分析现有方法的特点,提出基于电脉冲原理的混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能加速试验方法。测试了不同水灰比、浸泡方式与粉煤灰掺量的混凝土在不同侵蚀条件下的抗蚀系数,利用扫描电镜分析了电脉冲作用下硫酸盐侵蚀机理。试验结果表明,电脉冲加速了混凝土的硫酸盐侵蚀,基于电脉冲原理的混凝土抗硫酸盐性能加速试验方法技术可行。     

修补砂浆海水侵蚀性能试验研究

对处于氯离子和硫酸盐侵蚀环境下的水泥砂浆,由于环境介质中含有较多的氯离子和硫酸根离子,导致水泥砂浆极易受到氯离子和硫酸盐侵蚀而破坏,本章主要研究含有氯离子和硫酸盐的溶液对水泥砂浆的侵蚀,采取溶液浸泡的方法测定一定龄期后水泥砂浆的抗压、抗折强度的变化。     

电脉冲作用下水泥基材料硫酸盐侵蚀行为与机理

电脉冲技术应用于不同温度下的水泥基材料硫酸盐加速侵蚀已有研究,但加速机理尚不明确,通过电脉冲加速与常规浸泡方式对比,分析了电脉冲作用下硫酸根离子分布与迁移规律,测试了不同侵蚀深度处反应产物的XRD物相.研究显示,电脉冲作用下有更多硫酸根离子迁移进入试件内部,硫酸根离子进入试件后主要集中于阴极端距表面2cm内,侵蚀28d前侵蚀产物主要是石膏和钙矾石.结果表明:电脉冲通过加快离子迁移以及化学反应两个方面显著加速水泥基材料的硫酸盐侵蚀.     

电场作用下水泥基材料的MgSO_4侵蚀

已有研究表明电场能够加速水泥基材料硫酸盐侵蚀并可用于快速评价水泥基材料的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,但以上研究均是针对电场作用下Na_2SO_4溶液的侵蚀,鲜有研究电场作用下MgSO_4溶液侵蚀行为.本文利用抗蚀系数反映电场对水泥基材料MgSO_4侵蚀程度影响,利用XRD和SEM/EDS分析电场作用下水泥基材料的MgSO_4侵蚀机理.研究表明:电场加速了水泥基材料MgSO_4侵蚀破坏;在电场作用下SO_4~(2-)离子从阴极进入试件内部,首先与Ca(OH)_2反应生成石膏,生成的石膏继续与C_3A的水化产物反应生成钙矾石,当C_3A的水化产物反应完毕,从外界进入的SO_4~(2-)离子继续与Ca(OH)_2反应生成石膏,其侵蚀产物以石膏为主,其次是钙矾石.     

用菱镁矿尾矿制备的MgO膨胀剂对砂浆强度与膨胀性能的影响

研究海城和莱州菱镁矿尾矿在950℃煅烧1 h制备的MgO膨胀剂(MEA)对砂浆试件膨胀性能和强度的影响规律,并分析掺MgO膨胀剂水泥浆体中MgO的水化程度。结果表明:海城MgO膨胀剂(HC-MEA)中MgO活性高,水化快,掺HC-MEA砂浆90 d膨胀比较大,90～150 d膨胀增长趋势减缓;莱州MgO膨胀剂(LZ-MEA)中MgO活性低,水化慢,掺LZ-MEA砂浆60 d膨胀比较小,60～150 d膨胀发展较快; MEA掺量相同时,掺HC-MEA砂浆试件的膨胀率大于掺LZ-MEA砂浆试件的膨胀率。粉煤灰能抑制掺MEA砂浆试件的膨胀,抑制作用随养护温度的升高或MEA掺量的增加而减小。与未掺MEA砂浆相比,掺8%HC-MEA砂浆的90 d抗压、抗折强度分别提高了5. 84%和1. 12%,掺8%LZ-MEA砂浆的90 d抗压、抗折强度分别提高了1. 84%和4. 24%。     

混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀损伤的声波与声发射变化特征及机理

试验模拟干湿循环作用下混凝土受10%(质量分数)硫酸钠溶液侵蚀的腐蚀环境,测试和分析硫酸盐不同侵蚀时期混凝土单轴压缩试验时波速和声发射的变化特征。采用环境扫描电镜和能谱仪进行微观观测并结合X射线衍射测试手段分析受蚀混凝土的损伤机理。结果表明：受侵蚀60 d和80 d的试件加载初期会有较明显的压密阶段,试件受硫酸盐侵蚀和干湿循环作用愈久,加载中波速急剧下降的突变点愈提前;受蚀40 d以上的试件加载中声发射事件活跃区间较集中,在腐蚀产生的缺陷和薄弱位置容易出现应力集中和能量集中释放,声发射事件数量急剧上升的突变点提前。通过数学模型以声发射累积振铃计数为损伤变量建立损伤模型可以表征混凝土中环境腐蚀、荷载及损伤之间的作用关系。腐蚀阶段钙矾石与石膏的膨胀作用和硫酸钠的结晶压在试件内部形成微破损,受蚀混凝土表现出不同宏观性能。     

掺铜渣水泥砂浆的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能

本试验通过改变铜渣比表面积和激发剂用量并以10%、20%、30%的掺量掺入硅酸盐水泥制成水泥胶砂试件,在硫酸盐溶液中侵蚀一定龄期,研究不同性状的铜渣水泥试件抗蚀性能的变化规律。同时利用XRD衍射试验对试件侵蚀产物进行分析。试验结果表明:铜渣活性被激发后,与水泥水化产物Ca(OH)2发生化学反应,生成的水化硅酸钙可提高水泥基材料的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能;而激发剂Na_2SO_4的引入,可直接增加水泥基内部的硫酸根离子的浓度,对水泥基的抗硫酸盐性能有不利影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-