基于粗集料形状特征的沥青混合料三维数字试件生成

为了准确地模拟沥青混合料相关试验,节省集料和试验设备等方面的成本,通过离散单元法模拟生成沥青混合料三维数字试件.采用中心球扩散方法构建出粗集料的扁平比与棱角性,通过调节不同粗集料模型的百分比来获得和实际相近的粗集料形状组合,并用一定质量的虚拟粗集料"clump"球体块取代同样质量的等效球体来表征粗集料级配特征,通过删除砂浆球体单元来模拟出空隙率特征,最终建立沥青混合料三维离散元模型.研究表明,沥青混合料三维数字试件可以很好地模拟粗集料的三维空间形状,准确表征粗集料的扁平比与棱角性特性,同时能够精确显示粗集料的级配特点与空隙分布,达到以虚拟试件代替真实试件进行试验的目的.     

沥青混合料单轴贯入抗剪试验的细观分析

单轴贯入试验可以有效地测试沥青混合料的剪切强度,通过建立沥青混合料单轴贯入试验的颗粒流模型,分析了沥青混合料的抗剪作用机理.基于颗粒流的细观机理,采用离散元技术对沥青混合料单轴贯入试验进行细观模拟,得到了沥青混合料单轴贯入时的应力应变曲线变化规律,并将模拟结果进行了验证,揭示了沥青混合料单轴贯入试验的细观机理.分析了贯入速率、压头直径及试件尺寸等对试验结果的影响规律,在此基础上提出了合适的试验技术参数,为贯入试验提供技术参考.结合单轴贯入试验和无侧限抗压强度试验,提出了基于离散单元法确定沥青混合料抗剪参数的方法,并为采用细观分析方法探究混合料性能提供了一种思路.     

沥青混合料同轴剪切试验方法研究

在国内外沥青混合料抗剪试验方法研究分析的基础上,提出了一种全新的即同轴剪切试验方法,同轴剪切试验方法不但比较简便,而且试件受力特点符合路面的实际状况.建立同轴剪切试验模型的三维有限元模型,着重对同轴剪切试验试件力学响应进行分析,然后对同轴剪切试验试件受力特点进行有限元分析;根据试件的受力特点提出沥青混合料抗剪强度的指标,采用三轴试验抗剪强度指标进行对比验证.     

基于离散元法的沥青混合料复合断裂行为研究

为了从细观角度深入分析沥青混合料复合断裂机理,基于沥青混合料细观结构特征,将材料分为粗集料、沥青砂浆和空隙3个组分,确定宏、细观接触模型参数的转换关系,构建具有细观特征的离散元模型;通过室内试验的结果验证了虚拟模型参数设置的合理性;基于数值模型进行不同预裂缝位置的三点弯曲梁试验,并对试件的裂缝扩展、应力水平和颗粒位移进行分析.结果表明:控制裂缝路径的主要因素是断裂模式,其次是集料与裂缝的相对位置,主裂缝扩展角较好地符合最大周向应力准则;随着Ⅱ型开裂比例的增加,沥青混合料断裂过程区的宽度变小,裂缝尖端主应力水平降低,软化特征逐渐减弱;裂缝两侧的位移随着预裂缝的偏移逐渐增大,试件趋于脆性破坏.     

沥青混合料三维仿真设计及虚拟剪切试验研究

使用凸包算法和Bubble Pack算法生成clump块体模拟粗集料颗粒,并基于PFC 5.0 3D平台实现虚拟粗集料颗粒的装配、虚拟砂浆及空隙的生成,完成沥青混合料虚拟试样的构建.最终,基于伺服控制原理进行虚拟三轴剪切试验,并对比分析室内试验及虚拟试验数据.结果表明:基于PFC5.0 3D平台在沥青混合料虚拟试样中采用clump块体直接表征粗集料颗粒,精度可控,表面结构更加拟真;构建的沥青混合料三维离散元数值模型能够有效描述沥青混合料的力学行为.     

基于三维离散元法的沥青混合料断裂过程模拟

为了从材料细观结构角度研究沥青混凝土的断裂机理,运用离散元程序PFC3D内的"Fish"语言,采用多球相互重叠的方法描述粗集料颗粒的空间不规则形状,结合集料颗粒的随机投放算法和离散元的空隙处理方法,建立了沥青混凝土小梁试件的三维离散元模型;通过室内沥青砂浆单轴压缩试验和劈裂试验,并结合宏观性能与微观力学参数的转化关系,获得了用于离散元模拟的各类微观参数;采用三维离散元程序PFC3D,进行了-10℃和15℃条件下小梁中点弯曲断裂试验的离散元模拟,获得了弯曲断裂曲线;采用与混合料三维离散元结构相同沥青用量、空隙率和级配在室内成型了沥青混合料的小梁试件,并获得了室内实测断裂曲线.研究结果表明:所建立的离散元模型可以充分考虑集料颗粒的不规则形状、集料级配特征和空隙大小;三维离散元方法可以较好地模拟沥青混合料弯曲断裂过程中裂纹起始和扩展的现象,模拟结果与室内实测结果基本相当;三维离散元模拟可以作为研究沥青混合料断裂特征的辅助手段.     

沥青混合料三维离散元虚拟单轴蠕变试验

为了从沥青混合料不连续特征的角度研究其永久变形行为,采用离散元方法进行了沥青混合料三维离散元虚拟单轴蠕变试验,生成了包含粗集料、沥青砂浆及空隙的沥青混合料三维离散元虚拟试件,对虚拟试件微观组成成分之间的接触赋予了相应的微观接触模型,并采用基于时温等效原理的方法对粘弹性离散元模型的计算效率进行了优化,最后将三维虚拟试验结果与二维虚拟试验及室内试验结果进行了比较.研究表明:时温等效原理能够大大减少粘弹性离散元模型的计算时间;三维虚拟试验结果与室内试验结果相差无几,二维虚拟试验结果大于三维虚拟试验及室内试验结果,且随着荷载的增大差异也随之增大.     

基于三维随机细观模型的沥青混合料断裂行为研究

为了从细观层次研究沥青混合料内部损伤失效机理,采用三维激光扫描技术获取真实集料三维形态信息,根据其形态特征参数提出一种三维随机凹凸型集料建模方法,并构建三维虚拟集料库。使用Monte Carlo方法构建AC-13三维虚拟试件,利用多刚体动力学方法模拟试件压实过程。采用截面算法获取沥青混合料二维细观模型,在模型有效性和准确性得到验证的基础上利用该模型开展虚拟间接拉伸试验,运用内聚力模型和广义Maxwell模型表征沥青混合料断裂行为和黏弹特性,引入断裂损伤指标D_m量化其内部损伤,并利用虚拟试验探讨温度对沥青混合料断裂行为的影响。结果表明,在宏观层次,主裂纹不受温度影响,沿着粗集料的边界逐渐发展直至试件破坏;在细观层次,相较于沥青内部界面单元,沥青-集料界面单元更易出现损伤,更快达到损伤失效点,且受温度影响显著。     

沥青混合料抗剪性能研究综述

总结并评价了沥青混合料抗剪试验方法、抗剪机理及抗剪设计研究现状, 对9种剪切试验方法的分析和评价有助于设计、施工和科研人员正确选用这些试验方法。混合料剪切强度由沥青胶泥的性质、集料和沥青界面的剪切强度和集料之间的嵌挤情况共同决定,为提高混合料抗剪性能指出了方向。抗剪设计在应用于工程前尚需深入研究容许剪应力法中相关系数的确定、基于抗剪性能的车辙预估模型的标定等问题。     

压剪耦合条件下沥青-集料界面粘脱滑移特征行为研究

为探求沥青与集料界面间的压剪断裂失效机制,在研发测试加载系统及分析原材料基本物性参数的基础上,通过制作沥青-集料三明治试件,开展了不同影响因素(集料粗糙度、沥青老化、环境温度及加载速率等)下沥青-集料界面的粘脱滑移特征行为研究,定量感知了沥青-集料界面的应力传荷与粘脱滑移过程,构建了沥青-集料界面的粘脱滑移本构模型.结果表明:增大粗糙度和法向应力与加快荷载速率能够提升界面抗剪能力与剪切抑制能;沥青老化在一定程度上能够提高界面抗剪强度,但降低了界面剪切抑制能;所构建的粘脱滑移本构模型能够表征沥青-集料界面在压剪耦合状态下应力变化三阶段特征.研究成果可为沥青混合料复杂力学行为的细观分析提供理论支撑,并为混合料结构参数的优化设计提供科学依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has