对虾一种杆状病毒的分离纯化及超微结构

从市售的甲壳上带有白斑的冷冻斑节对虾(Penaeus monod on)中提取到一种杆状病毒,并用它感染了活体的中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis) 幼虾和日本对虾(Penaeus japonicus).这2种对虾均发病死亡.从死亡的对虾中再次提纯出此杆状病毒.此种杆状病毒的核酸为DNA,衣壳的主要结构多肽的相对分子质量为49 .8 kDa.通过对此杆状病毒悬液负染片的电镜观察,对其超微结构进行了研究并提出了一种对虾杆状病毒衣壳超微结构的模式图.     

白斑综合症杆状病毒对对虾和罗氏沼虾致病性的研究

对比研究白斑综合症杆状病毒对斑节对虾、日本对虾、南美白对虾和罗氏沼虾的致病性，其生产养殖结果表明：第一次在廉江龙营围虾场养殖的南美白对虾，在养殖了27天以后开始爆发白斑综合症病毒病，患病的南美白对虾、斑节对虾、日本对虾病症相同，其甲壳特别是头胸壳具有白色斑点。养殖的罗氏沼虾没有出现病症。人工感染实验结果表明：白斑综合症杆状病毒能引起南美白对虾90％左右的死亡率，引起罗氏沼虾大约50％的死亡率。电镜观察结果表明：这三种对虾感染的病毒都是白斑综合症杆状病毒。     

斑节对虾白斑综合症杆状病毒(WSBV)的形态和感染的组织病理研究

应用光镜和电镜研究斑节对虾白斑综合症杆状病毒（ ＷＳＢＶ） 的形态和感染的组织病理,结果证实ＷＳＢＶ 感染的细胞解体坏死．电镜观察对虾肝胰腺细胞未发现病毒粒子,而鳃上皮细胞和甲壳表皮细胞感染３ 种杆状病毒,分别称之为细胞质杆状病毒,细胞核Ⅰ型杆状病毒,细胞核Ⅱ型杆状病毒,病毒粒子大小分别为（１０２ ～１１２） ｎｍ ×（３０８ ～３２６）ｎｍ ,（９８ ～１０５） ｎｍ ×（２６５ ～２７５） ｎｍ ,（１０１ ～１１２） ｎｍ ×（３９１ ～４２０） ｎｍ ．病毒不形成包含体．负染后病毒粒子还可见细端有一乳头状结构,大小约４０ ～５０ ｎｍ ,后带有一宽约１８ ｎｍ 、长约３４０ ｎｍ 的尾．     

蝇蛆提高对虾抗杆状病毒感染能力的初步研究1

室内试验表明,投饲蝇蛆起始时间至少需在病毒侵袭前10 d,对对虾起始死亡时间和50%,90%死亡时间才有明显的延缓,分别较对照组延长1.76,3.04,4.1倍;蝇蛆可以显著提高对虾的抗杆状病毒感染能力,激活对虾的酚氧化酶系统.田间试验表明,投喂有蝇蛆的虾池,存活时间平均为64 d,不投喂蝇蛆的对虾,存活时间平均为33.5 d.1993年投喂蝇蛆的虾池平均每天死虾数小于存池量的0.023%,1994年平均每天死虾数占存池数的0.015% ,经PCR检测证实,1993,1994 年对虾中杆状病毒病变的个体仅占1.15%.     

万氏对虾感染白斑杆状病毒的试验

用取自发病虾塘的患白斑病斑节对虾为材料,对健康的万氏对虾(Penaeusran-namei)进行人工投喂和注射感染．结果显示白斑病的病原白斑杆状病毒可以通过投喂和注射感染健康的万氏对虾,在3～5d内使受试对虾发生大量死亡,虾体出现典型的甲壳白斑症状和白斑病特征性组织理变化,从病变细胞观察到白斑杆状病毒．     

亚致死温度热休克对凡纳滨对虾的保护作用

以亚致死温度(35 ℃)热休克凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei 2 h,再进行致死温度(40 ℃)热刺激,凡纳滨对虾的存活率为54.2%.以亚致死温度对凡纳滨对虾热休克2 h,正常水温(25±0.5)℃下分别恢复2、6、12和24 h,再对其进行白斑综合症病毒(white spot syndrome virus, WSSV)注射感染,得到凡纳滨对虾的平均存活时间分别为101.43、98.07、76.92和63.28 h,与未经35 ℃热休克的对照组的平均存活时间(46.89 h)相比,均存在极显著差异性(P<0.01).证明了适当的热休克应激,不仅能提高凡纳滨对虾对高温的热耐受性,还显著地增强了凡纳滨对虾对WSSV感染的抵抗性.     

沙滤对白斑综合症病毒和细菌的过滤效果

研究了沙滤对游离白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)和细菌的过滤效果.以凡纳对虾、Litopenaeus vannamei作为感染对象,用游离病毒2.4×105拷贝/mL浸泡感染对虾(感染初期投喂人工配合饲料),17 d内死亡率100%,第1尾对虾死亡时间为36.5 h,最后1尾死亡时间为402 h,平均死亡时间124 h;相同浓度的游离病毒经沙滤后人工浸泡感染对虾,16 d内死亡率100%,第1尾受感染对虾60h死亡,最后1尾死亡时间为374 h,平均死亡时间168.6 h;病毒沙滤后平均死亡时间延长26.8%.1.2×104拷贝/mL游离病毒浸泡感染对虾,18 d内受感染对虾死亡率100%,第1尾死亡时间为111 h,最后1尾死亡时间为415 h,平均死亡时间274.7h;相同浓度游离病毒经沙滤后浸泡感染组养殖18 d,仅1尾死亡,时间为448 h.1.2×103拷贝/mL病毒组和1.2×102拷贝/mL病毒组直接感染和沙滤后感染养殖20 d,均未出现死亡.对细菌沙滤效果研究结果表明,从2003年8月11日-12月28日连续27次检测,细菌过滤率最低为30%,最高为98.14%,平均为63.33%;其中弧菌最低为5.26%,最高为97.2%,平均为66.46%.研究结果认为沙滤对游离病毒和细菌过滤有一定的作用.为防止对虾从海区海水污染感染病毒病和细菌病,建议对虾养殖过程中,外海水采用沙滤加蓄水池中间沉淀消毒以保证养殖用水的安全.     

破译对虾病毒遗传密码

国家海洋局第三海洋研究所海洋生物工程重点实验室在中国工程院院士徐洵教授的领导下,经过几年的不懈努力和刻苦攻关,终于成功地测定了造成多年来虾病爆发与流行的"罪魁祸首"--对虾白斑杆状病毒(WSBV)基因组的全部序列,从而在世界上率先破译了虾病病毒的遗传密码,而国际同行仅完成了对虾病毒1%的测序工作.这不仅标志着我国基因组研究从人到动物、到农作物之后,又向海洋生物延伸,而且为防治虾病和发展对虾养殖业奠定了分子生物学基础.     

白斑综合症病毒对斑节对虾亲虾的感染及垂直传播的初步研究

白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)对斑节对虾(Penaeus monodan)亲虾的致病力强,其致病性特征与对未成熟个体的致病性特征相同;经WSSV感染的斑节对虾亲虾的死亡率为100％．感染了WSSV的亲虾的PCR检测结果均呈阳性,组织切片观察可见到明显的组织病变,电镜观察发现病变组织(包括卵巢)的细胞内有大量病毒粒子;原位杂交结果证明,患白斑综合症的斑节对虾亲虾的卵巢中不仅卵母细胞感染上病毒,卵细胞也感染上了病毒．这些结果表明,WSSV在斑节对虾中具备垂直传播的条件．     

对虾白斑综合症病毒P9蛋白转录水平的微阵列分析及其免疫荧光标记

从构建的对虾白斑综合症病毒cDNA文库中,我们筛选到一个拷贝数最高,编码82个氨基酸的基因(命名为p9,wsv230).该基因被克隆到pGEX-2T载体中进行GST融合蛋白的原核表达,纯化的融合蛋白GST-P9用于制备特异的多克隆抗体.利用微阵列技术和免疫荧光标记技术,对该蛋白的转录水平及其在感染细胞内的分布进行了初步研究,表明该基因为高丰度表达,推测是对虾白斑综合症病毒的一个重要基因.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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