石膏围岩隧道衬砌结构破坏模式及时变可靠度模型

石膏围岩具有很强的膨胀性和腐蚀性,在隧道全寿命周期内均会引起衬砌结构自身强度劣化及受力增加,严重影响隧道二次衬砌结构可靠性.针对石膏围岩膨胀特性和腐蚀性对隧道二次衬砌结构的影响分别建立了二次衬砌结构膨胀破坏模式和腐蚀破坏模式;考虑石膏围岩膨胀性和腐蚀性对隧道衬砌结构的综合影响,建立了石膏围岩隧道二次衬砌结构综合破坏模式;基于结构体功能函数,推导出能够初步考虑围岩膨胀性和腐蚀性的隧道衬砌结构可靠度指标计算公式;并分别建立了三种破坏模式下的时变可靠度分析模型.采用石膏围岩隧道衬砌结构综合破坏模式下的时变可靠度模型对礼让隧道进行了分析,得到其在使用寿命100 a内的可靠度指标变化规律.根据计算结果可以优化石膏围岩隧道衬砌结构的抗腐蚀、抗膨胀和支护结构设计参数,并对石膏围岩隧道使用寿命周期内的合理维护及维修提供依据.研究成果可推广应用于隧道衬砌结构的可靠度研究中.     

基于最大熵原理与最优化方法的隧道衬砌结构可靠度分析

针对隧道衬砌结构参数的随机性、分布的多样性与极限状态功能函数高度非线性的特征,运用最大熵原理对隧道衬砌结构参数进行估计,得到符合实际的参数估计值;然后,根据隧道衬砌结构稳定的极限状态方程,从结构可靠度指标的几何涵义出发,建立其可靠度指标计算的优化数学模型,并运用Microsoft Excel工作表中的规划求解功能得到其可靠度指标.结合工程实际,给出具体算例,且指出提高隧道衬砌结构可靠度的途径.研究结果表明:该方法用于计算工程结构可靠度指标无需将状态函数线性化,不受基本变量维数限制,收敛速度快,计算效率高,且与蒙特卡罗100万次直接抽样法计算结果相比,具有很高的精度,能广泛适用于隧道及地下工程领域的可靠度计算和分析.     

高速公路隧道衬砌裂纹扩展机理的试验分析

按照相似比制作隧道及衬砌模型,对不同围岩级别下大断面隧道衬砌裂纹扩展机理进行模型试验研究.通过收集试验相关数据得到高速公路隧道在不同荷载条件下,衬砌裂纹扩展的径向位移特征和二衬与初衬间接触应力特征.对隧道衬砌模型进行数值模拟计算,并将计算结果与模型试验结构进行对比分析,分析表明数值模拟计算结果与模型试验结果基本上保持一...     

基于流固耦合理论的浅埋隧道稳定性系数分析

基于流固耦合原理.在考虑渗流效应的作用下,对浅埋圆形隧道、双线铁路隧道、两车道公路隧道的围岩稳定性系数进行了计算.分析了围岩级别、隧道断面形式、是否渗流三个因素对围岩稳定系数和围岩塑性区分布范围的影响.结果表明:在断面形式和围岩级别一致的情况下,渗流效应对围岩塑性区的分布范围有重大影响;在影响围岩稳定系数的三个因素中,隧道断面形式和围岩级别对围岩稳定系数影响较大,而渗流影响相对较小.     

基于响应面和重要抽样法的隧道衬砌结构时变可靠度

由于隧道衬砌结构极限状态方程高度非线性,直接采用一般的可靠度计算方法得到的是几何可靠度,存在较大误差,需进行改进.结合响应面法和重要抽样两种方法,利用响应面法得到的验算点作为重要抽样法的抽样中心,进而求解结构的可靠度指标.在该理论的基础上,考虑结构抗力随时间衰减的因素,利用Matlab软件编制了隧道在服务寿命期限内的时变可靠度指标的计算程序,并通过回归分析,得到了时变可靠度指标随着时间呈指数递减的规律.通过耐久性系数与时变可靠度指标的对应关系,可得到衬砌结构任意时刻的耐久性系数,该系数则是衬砌结构耐久性设计的关键.该方法对功能函数高度非线性的工程较适用,并且为结构耐久性设计提供了基础.     

浅埋隧道空间结构体系可靠度研究

岩体结构是受力岩体变形、破坏的内在依据.而Vanmarcke随机场理论未能考虑围岩空间结构的变异性.为此提出围岩物性参数空间等效方差增大函数这一概念,用来反映岩体结构对衬砌综合作用的随机变异性.同时运用Weibull- 脆性破坏统计理论.求得二次衬砌混凝土不同体积时的等效抗压强度,进而将隧道衬砌空间结构体系可靠度计算化为平面问题.研究发现.隧道结构体系可靠度随其长度的增加而逐渐减小,并将趋于一个稳定值.     

可考虑任意围岩压力分布形式的隧道衬砌计算分析

以大型通用软件ANSYS为平台,采用静力等效原则,把压力转化为相应的节点荷载,解决了隧道围岩压力与节点位置相关又不与衬砌结构垂直的输入问题.利用ANSYS的参数化高级设计语言,编制了适合任意三心圆拱衬砌断面和不同围岩压力分布形式的隧道衬砌内力和偏心距的通用计算程序.这为隧道设计提供了很大的方便.以武广客运专线双线浅埋隧道为例进行了计算分析.结果表明:对于埋深较浅的隧道,如果拱顶围岩压力按均布进行计算,结果会产生较大误差.围岩压力仅按均布设计的隧道,拱腰易出现开裂;围岩压力仅按马鞍型设计的隧道,拱顶易出现开裂;最好采用多种围岩分布形式进行隧道设计与验算.     

矿山法地铁隧道二衬结构安全系数及可靠度计算方法研究

以北京地铁四号线某大断面矿山法隧道为背景,分别应用初期支护与二次衬砌共同承受全部荷载的计算模式与不考虑初期支护承载而由二次衬砌单独承受全部荷载的计算模式进行隧道截面安全系数和可靠度指标的计算,结果表明:两种承载模式得到的结构最不利截面安全系数均能满足要求,但二衬结构单独承载模式得到的最不利截面结构可靠度指标偏低.为确保根据不同承载模式得到的计算结果基本相同,在应用响应面法分析隧道衬砌结构荷载效应的基础上,采用了等效地层弹性抗力系数来表征初期支护对结构承载的贡献,为解决地铁隧道结构设计中由于结构承载模式不同而造成的计算结果差异提供了一个途径.     

单拱大断面偏压隧道衬砌模型试验分析

模型试验方法分析大断面隧道衬砌结构的受力特性是一种比较实用的方法.以单拱四车道隧道为依托,按弹性阶段相似原则进行偏压条件下单孔大断面隧道衬砌破坏的室内模型试验,研究不同围岩条件下,隧道衬砌的破坏机制.试验通过千斤项加载的方式,模拟偏压条件下,不同围岩级别条件下的隧道衬砌的破坏行为,得到隧道模型的围岩及衬砌之间的接触压力...     

围岩空洞分布对隧道衬砌结构力学性能影响研究

既有调研表明相当比例隧道存在超挖且回填不密实、空洞缺陷等质量问题.隧道围岩空洞易引起衬砌结构出现变形开裂等损伤,需要深入研究围岩空洞病害对隧道结构的影响机制.采用有限元数值模拟,分析隧道围岩空洞位置变化对隧道结构力学状态影响,进而评价存在围岩空洞的隧道结构安全性,得到结果:无围岩空洞情形的衬砌结构均处于受压状态,存在围岩空洞情形衬砌结构的空洞处截面出现拉应力,致使衬砌结构出现损伤;围岩空洞位于左右拱肩情形对隧道结构破坏作用大于空洞位于拱顶及拱肩情形,且两种情形衬砌出现最大拉应力位置均存在空洞,表明围岩空洞对隧道衬砌结构力学性能存在较大影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with