OGO工艺处理城市污水脱氮效果及机理初探

采用改良而成的OGO工艺技术,以试验配水模拟城市生活污水,研究了OGO系统的脱氮效果,通过分析反应器各反应区的脱氮效果,并结合OGO系统脱氮效果观察系统中活性污泥絮体特性,研究分析了OGO系统的脱氮机理.试验结果表明,在进水总氮(TN)和氨氮(NH4 -N)分别为31.15～42.26 mg/L和27.53～38.58 mg/L的条件下,OGO系统对总氮和氨氮的平均去除率分别可达74.31%和83.75%.反应器外环脱氮方式为同时硝化反硝化(SND)脱氮,其脱氮量占反应器脱氮总量的80.48%,OGO工艺对氮素的生物去除绝大部分是通过同时硝化反硝化来实现的;同时硝化反硝化的宏观分区理论和微环境理论均适用于OGO系统.     

DO对膜生物反应器中同步硝化反硝化的影响

采用人工配制的生活污水作为原水,考察了在膜生物反应器(MBR)中不同溶解氧(DO)对于同步硝化反硝化效果的影响.结果表明,将试验条件控制在TN容积负荷为0.35 kgN/(m3*d)、HRT为6 h、SRT为30 d、pH为7～8、温度为25～28 ℃、C/N为9时:在反应器DO的质量浓度为0.6 mg/L条件下,可获得62.5%的NH+4 -N去除率、91.1%的反硝化率和58.3%的SND率;在反应器DO的质量浓度为1.0 mg/L条件下,可获得90.8%的NH+4-N去除率、90.4%的反硝化率和82.5%的SND率;在反应器DO的质量浓度为1.4 mg/L时,可获得93.3%的NH+4-N去除率、77.0%的反硝化率和72.1%的SND率.     

DO和HRT对连续流MBBR亚硝酸型SND影响

为探讨亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化SND过程中的生物脱氮特性,以实际生活污水为对象,通过连续运行移动床生物膜反应器MBBR系统,研究了溶解氧质量浓度DO和水力停留时间HRT对亚硝酸型SND的影响.试验结果表明,化学需氧量COD在200 mg/L左右,HRT为14 h,水温为15~27℃,pH值为6.24~6.98的相对稳定条件下,控制DO在2.9~5.0mg/L的过程中MBBR反应器均能实现亚硝酸型SND,平均亚硝酸盐氮NO2-—N积累率为75.96%;当DO为(4.5±0.3)mg/L时,平均总氮TN去除率达62.89%,取得了最好的TN去除效果,而该条件下NO2-—N的积累率达最小值51.23%,DO过高或过低都会影响系统亚硝酸型SND的进行;当COD在220 mg/L左右,pH值为6.14~7.47,水温为26~31℃,控制溶解氧在(4.5±0.3)mg/L,随HRT的延长,氨氮NH4+—N和TN的去除率明显增大,但NO2-—N的积累率减小,系统的亚硝酸型SND效果逐渐减弱.     

低温下MBBR处理低碳氮质量比生活污水的同步硝化反硝化特性

以缺氧/好氧生物膜系统处理碳氮质量比为3.45±0.77的生活污水,当内回流比(R)为250%~300%时,重点考察低温下好氧移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)内的同步硝化反硝化(SND)特性。研究结果表明:系统通过延长水力停留时间(HRT)(19.2 h→30.3 h),较好地适应了季节性降温(25.2℃→14.6℃),出水COD((51.1±6.3)mg/L)和NH4+-N((2.76±2.02)mg/L)质量浓度分别达一级B和一级A标准。SND脱氮率受低温影响较小,当水温为(23.0±1.6)℃(R=250%),(19.5±0.9)℃(R=300%),(17.1±0.6)℃(R=300%)和(15.1±0.4)℃(R=300%)时,可去除进水中39.4%~47.3%的总氮TN,出水TN质量浓度分别为(18.44±2.60),(13.92±3.16),(14.93±2.19),(14.11±2.14)mg/L。同步反硝化成为发生SND的关键,平均厚度为323~1 143μm的载体生物膜可形成缺氧"微环境",并在长HRT下有效利用原水中的缓慢降解碳源,发生内源反硝化。在DO质量浓度为(3.5±0.5)mg/L,碳氮质量比为2.5~3.3时,MBBR内的生物膜可实现速率为0.353 mg/(L·h)的同步脱氮。     

UASB反应器中高盐含氮废水脱氮过程研究

通过实验研究了在不同盐质量浓度、碳氮比和HRT条件下,高盐含氮废水的反硝化过程中碳源加入、TN、NO3-N和NO2-N的变化规律.分析结果表明:废水反硝化污泥在UASB反应器中经过驯化后可以适应氯离子质量浓度为0～20 g/L的盐质量浓度环境.脱氮性能随着HRT增加和进水C/N增加而提高;而NO2-N积累也随着HRT增加和进水C/N增加而降低.经过优化反应条件,较适宜的条件为进水C/N=3∶1,HRT=7.08 hr.     

溶解氧对垃圾压缩站废水同时硝化反硝化脱氮的影响

溶解氧（DO）含量是实现同时硝化反硝化生物脱氮的关键因素之一.文中采用同时好氧厌氧生物反应器（SOA）,对反应器内不同DO含量下垃圾压缩站废水中氨氮（NH4＋-N）,CODcr和总氮（TN）含量随时间的变化情况进行了考察.发现DO含量对反应器内CODcr,NH4＋-N和TN的去除效率和效果均有较大的影响.在DO含量（质量浓度,下同）为1.0mg/L时,反应器内的氨氮去除可分为快速和慢速两个阶段.在DO含量为0.5 mg/L时反应器内出现好氧区和厌氧区平衡状态,同时硝化反硝化脱氮效果最佳.反应器内可能存在一定的厌氧氨氧化脱氮过程.     

侧沟式一体化氧化沟的生物脱氮

一体化氧化沟占地面积小、工艺流程简单,因此已成为环保领域的研究热点.文中采用侧沟式一体化氧化沟技术处理生活污水,进行生物脱氮研究.试验期间,一体化氧化沟进水CODCr为200.00-400.00 mg/L,NH4^＋-N进水从1.24 mg/L迅速提高到39.72mg/L;出水CODCr保持在15.00mg/L以下,氨氮去除效果保持稳定,出水氨氮质量浓度在多数情况下保持在2.00mg/L以下.文中还分析了碱度、CODCr/NH4＋-N质量比对生物硝化作用的影响,并就如何提高反硝化效率提出了建议.     

丝绸厂汰头废水脱氮试验研究

针对丝绸厂汰头废水高有机物浓度高氮的特点,对SBBR反应器高效脱氮技术进行了系统研究,考察了负荷、DO、温度及碳源投加对反应器脱氮效能的影响,获得了控制反应器高效同步硝化反硝化脱氮的关键工况参数.试验结果表明:SBBR反应器在挂膜密度为35%、DO为6.5mg/L、有机负荷为0.3kgBOD5/m3·d,氮负荷为0.6kgN/m3·d条件下,表现出显著的同时硝化反硝化能力,可使出水NH4 -N浓度降为1.09mg/L,TN降为16.76mg/L,去除率分别为98%和 88.5%.     

低温下分段进水多级A/O工艺脱氮规律分析

针对低温污水脱氮效率低的实际问题,研究了利用三级A/O工艺模拟处理低温城市污水的规律.反应器在A,O池容比为1:1、进水温度(10±0.5)℃、水力停留时间(HRT)8 h、污泥停留时间(S R T)40 d、进水流量分配比为5:4:4的条件下连续运行50 d.结果表明:系统对碳源进行了合理分配,促进了反硝化作用从而提高了缺氧段TN的去除效率,出水COD为18～35 mg/L,出水T N低于12 mg/L.污泥浓度呈梯度降低分布,利于富集世代时间不同的微生物.由OUR、镜检和SEM分析结果可见,微生物菌群活性较高且具有稳定性.微生物属水平中具有丰富的反硝化功能细菌.研究证明低温多级A/O系统污水脱氮效率主要受硝化过程限制,硝化作用耗时长、硝化菌活性低是H N4+-N去除不彻底的主要原因.     

包埋活性污泥和反硝化污泥短程硝化反硝化脱氮

以模拟废水为对象,在传统的流化床反应器内,将活性污泥和经驯化的反硝化污泥按适当比例混合后,用聚乙烯醇(PVA)加适当添加剂将其包埋,并对短程硝化反硝化脱氮进行了研究.结果表明,在进水NH4+-N平均为53.60mg/L,COD为281.19mg/L,HRT12h,调控温度、溶解氧、pH等,出水亚硝化率和TN去除率分别可达95%和85%以上,短程硝化反硝化脱氮较理想.当进水COD含量从150mg/L增加到750mg/L,TN去除率从73.66%提高到96.79%.适合包埋颗粒短程硝化反硝化脱氮的最佳溶解氧浓度约为4.0mg/L.当pH一直维持在8.0左右,温度从30℃降到25℃过程中,短程硝化反硝化并未遭破坏.当温度维持在25℃,pH从8.0降到7.5,连续运行约5个周期后,短程硝化反硝转变为全程的硝化反硝化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has