以组织工程技术构建活性双层人工皮肤

用冷冻干燥胶原凝胶方法制备胶原海绵,经戊二醛交联处理,作为活性双层人工皮肤的支架;以幼儿包皮为细胞来源获得真皮成纤维细胞和皮肤角质细胞,体外扩增后作为种子细胞;在胶原海绵上接种成纤维细胞和角质细胞,体外构建活性双层人工皮肤。研究结果表明,人工真皮内的成纤维细胞生长良好,并且有人纤粘连蛋白类生物活性物质存在,活性双层人工皮肤表皮层有类似干天然皮肤表皮层的组织结构。     

组织工程真皮替代物的构建及在创伤修复中的作用

以双层胶原-壳聚糖海绵为支架构建组织工程真皮替代物并研究其在大鼠创伤愈合中的作用.将双层胶原-壳聚糖海绵支架埋植于SD大鼠皮下以考察其组织相容性;将SD大鼠皮肤中分离的成纤维细胞种植在支架上体外构建人工真皮替代物,并将该替代物移植到SD大鼠皮肤缺损处以修复创面.皮下埋植实验显示支架植入早期有炎症反应,但一周后炎症反应逐渐减轻,而且有成纤维细胞和毛细血管的侵入.皮肤移植实验结果显示:术后第7天和第14天实验组创面表皮再生和肉芽组织增生比对照组更快更明显;第14天和第21天实验组创面面积明显小于对照组(p<0.05).因此以双层胶原-壳聚糖海绵为支架构建的组织工程真皮替代物具有良好的生物相容性,并能促进皮肤创面的愈合,可以作为人工真皮替代物用于皮肤缺损的修复.     

变色树蜥皮肤及皮肤感受器的形态学研究

用扫描电镜和半薄切片技术对变色树蜥（Calotes versicolor)的皮肤及皮肤感受器的表面结构和显微结构进行了观察，皮肤感受器是位于鳞片凹窝中的帽状突起，其有有粗长的感受毛，皮肤感受器皮肤与一般皮肤结构有明显区别，其表皮中β－角质层极薄，发生层由1层高柱状细胞构成，表皮下有特殊的真皮小体结构，一般表皮的角皮层和β－角质层形成网窝状结构，且β－角质层明显增厚，这与其具有防止机械摩擦损伤皮肤的功能相一致。     

皮肤组织工程发展概况

人们将组织工程技术和原理运用于皮肤再造已经成功的研制出了各种类型的皮肤替代物。组织工程化皮肤大致可分为:表皮替代物,真皮替代物,具有表皮真皮双层结构的复合皮肤替代物三种类型。本文就各种皮肤替代物的研制方法和应用,皮肤组织工程的发展和展望做了简要的论述。     

灌注速率对成纤维细胞在三维支架中生长和胶原合成的影响

为了降低工程化组织体外构建过程中的传质限制,采用自行研制的灌注生物反应器系统,以人皮肤成纤维细胞为模型细胞,以PET(Poly(ethylene terephthalate))为三维支架,构建工程化真皮组织,考察灌注速率对成纤维细胞生长和胞外基质合成的影响。将人皮肤成纤维细胞灌注接种于PET支架,分别以0.02、0.2、0.8 cm/min的灌注速率培养18 d。结果表明,灌注培养能促进细胞增殖,提高细胞在3D支架中均匀分布;与静态培养和0.02 cm/min的灌注速率相比,在0.2 cm/min和0.8 cm/min的灌注速率下进行培养,提高了细胞的葡萄糖比消耗速率,刺激细胞合成和分泌更多的胶原基质,但增加了流失到培养液中胶原的比例,灌注培养是体外构建工程化真皮组织的有效方法。     

荒漠沙蜥皮肤感受器的形态学研究

应用扫描电镜和半薄切片技术对荒漠沙蜥（Ｐｈｒｙｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｐｒｚｅｗａｌｓｋｉｉ）皮肤感受器的表面结构和显微结构进行了观察．皮肤感受器是位于鳞片凹窝中的帽状突起结构，中央具柱状感觉毛，其皮肤结构与一般皮肤有明显区别．皮肤感受器区域的表皮中无β－角质层，蜕皮期也不形成预定β－角质层，但是，感觉毛的中央由４个左右的β－角质层细胞形成．皮肤感受器区域的表皮中间层由１～２层高柱状和矮柱状细胞构成，基底层由单层矮柱状细胞构成，同时，中间层和基底层细胞的细胞质中都充满色素颗粒．此外，冰冻切片，用苏凡Ⅲ染色，显示中层属富含类脂的结构，可能对皮肤渗透屏障的建立起重要作用．在紧贴皮肤感受器表皮的下方，还观察到突向表皮的麦氏触觉小体样真皮结构．推测荒漠沙蜥的皮肤感受器具有感受机械刺激和感受辐射热的双重功能．     

新型双层皮肤组织工程支架的构建

模拟天然皮肤的真、表皮结构,以胶原和壳聚糖为主要原料构建皮肤组织工程双层支架.将固含量0.8%(mass)的胶原-壳聚糖溶液冻干后压膜,经戊二醛交联后再冻干形成双层支架的底层,然后注入固含量0.2%(mass)的胶原-壳聚糖溶液,经冻干、交联、再冻干即得结构较稳定的双层复合海绵支架.在双层支架上培养的小鼠成纤维细胞贴壁生长正常.本研究构建的胶原-壳聚糖双层支架具有良好的结构稳定性和细胞相容性.     

外阴硬化苔藓基底细胞核DNA含量分析

运用图像分析技术，通过Feulgen染色检测外阴硬化性苔藓组织及正常外阴皮肤组织角朊细胞基底细胞核积分光密度、DNA含量。结果显示，与外阴正常皮肤组织比较，硬化性苔藓组织的角朊细胞基底细胞核和分光密度、DNA含量明显降低，差异有显著性（P＜0．05），硬化性苔藓组织的角朊细胞基底细胞核增生能力较正常皮肤低下。     

银杏叶提取物对大鼠真皮FB增殖及胶原蛋白分泌的影响

原代培养大鼠真皮成纤维细胞（Fibroblast,FB）传代培养后,以不同浓度的银杏叶提取物（EGb761,20、50、100mg／L）对其生长进行干预,四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法检测药物干预后24、48、72h时FB细胞活力变化,碱水解法测定药物干预后3、6d时培养液中羟脯氨酸含量变化,以分别反映EGb761对大鼠真皮FB增殖及胶原蛋白分泌的影响。研究表明EGB761在一定范围内能促进大鼠真皮FB增殖及及胶原蛋白分泌,且呈一定的剂量、时间相关性。     

外阴硬化性苔藓基底细胞核DNA含量分析

运用图像分析技术,通过Feulgen染色检测外阴硬化性苔藓组织及正常外阴皮肤组织角朊细胞基底细胞核积分光密度、DNA含量.结果显示,与外阴正常皮肤组织比较,硬化性苔藓组织的角朊细胞基底细胞核积分光密度、DNA含量明显降低,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),硬化性苔藓组织的角朊细胞基底细胞核增生能力较正常皮肤低下.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.