高温高压条件下角闪石榴辉石岩-橄榄岩反应:初步实验结果及其地质意义

利用角闪石榴辉石岩(捕虏体)以及尖晶石二辉橄榄岩作为初始物质,在千吨级立方多级压砧装置中进行了熔融反应实验研究,反应的温压条件为1500℃,3.5 GPa,反应时间为24 h.实验结果表明,角闪石榴辉石岩全熔;在橄榄岩一侧反应后产生了明显的三个带:纯橄岩带(D),方辉橄榄岩带(H)和二辉橄榄岩带(L).从D-H-L,尖晶石的Cr#值逐渐降低(68-59(D)-54-38(H)一35-12(L)),而Mg#值逐渐升高(46-55(D)一51-64(H)-66-76(L)),橄榄石的Mg#值逐渐升高(75-85(D)-89-90(H)-89-90(L));反应后熔体的SiO2含量总体增加;从纯橄岩带向熔体(原角闪石榴辉石岩)一侧,其Mg#值逐渐升高(35-41-53-62).熔体与地幔橄榄岩反应不仅导致了岩石圈地幔中低镁纯橄岩的形成--即使岩石圈地幔向亏损方向转化,同时也造成了反应后熔体中SiO2含量和Mg#值的升高.因此,熔体地幔橄榄岩反应可能是造成岩石圈地幔不均一性和埃达克质熔体高镁特征的主要原因之一.     

河北高寺台超镁铁岩体中锇矿物的锇同位素组成初步研究

报道了河北高寺台超基性岩体中的等轴锇铱矿和六方铱锇矿的Os同位素组成,两样品的187Os/188Os值分别为0.123 582±7和0.123 731±7.数据的解释有赖于年龄的和/或源区性质的制约.若已知矿物源区,可由同位素组成制约其形成时代.如上述矿物的锇来自于原始上地幔,其形成时代可能为500±10 Ma;若其源区为亏损的岩石圈地幔,其形成时代可能年轻到晚中生代;若源区为富集的地幔柱,其形成时代可能老到中元古代.反之,若能限定矿物形成时代,则可制约其源区性质.若上述锇矿物形成于印支期,则很可能源于亏损的岩石圈地幔.若它们形成于中元古代,则其源区很可能来源于富集的地幔柱性质的地幔.根据区域地质情况,我们倾向于这些Os来自富集地幔、高寺台岩体形成于中元古代的解释,但进一步解释有待于新的独立证据.尽管如此,这些数据对今后高寺台岩体的成因或年龄研究有参考价值.     

高温高压条件下角闪石榴辉石岩-橄榄岩反应：初步实验结果及其地质意义

利用角闪石榴辉石岩（捕虏体）以及尖晶石二辉橄榄岩作为初始物质,在千吨级立方多级压砧装置中进行了熔融反应实验研究,反应的温压条件为1500℃,3．5GPa,反应时间为24h．实验结果表明,角闪石榴辉石岩全熔;在橄榄岩-侧反应后产生了明显的三个带：纯橄岩带（D）,方辉橄榄岩带（H）和二辉橄揽岩带（L）．从D-H—L,尖晶石的Cr#值逐渐降低（68—59（D）-54—38（H）-35—12（L））,而Mg#值逐渐升高（46～55（D）51—64（H）-6676（L））,橄榄石的Mg#值逐渐升高（75—85（D）-8990（H）-89—90（L））;反应后熔体的SiO2含量总体增加;从纯橄岩带向熔体（原角闪石榴辉石岩）一侧,其Mg#值逐渐升高（35415362）．熔体与地幔橄榄岩反应不仅导致了岩石圈地幔中低镁纯橄岩的形成-即使岩石圈地幔向亏损方向转化,同时也造成了反应后熔体中SiO2含量和Mg#值的升高．因此,熔体地幔橄榄岩反应可能是造成岩石圈地幔不均一性和埃达克质熔体高镁特征的主要原因之一．     

橄榄岩-熔体反应过程中微量元素和同位素组成的转变

地幔橄榄岩-熔体反应不仅能使主量元素亏损的高镁橄榄岩转变为主量元素饱满的低镁橄榄岩,而且能够引起橄榄岩的微量元素和同位素组成的明显变化.由于参与反应的熔体的来源和性质的差异,反应所产生的结果亦截然不同.模拟计算表明,来自再循环的地壳物质部分熔融所产生的熔体能够造成橄榄岩微量元素和同位素组成的明显富集,而来自软流圈的玄武质熔体则可造成橄榄岩微量元素和同位素组成的相对亏损.橄榄岩-熔体反应过程能够合理地解释目前所发现的岩石圈地幔样品的主、微量元素和同位素组成的巨大变化,所以,存在于岩石圈地幔中的橄榄岩-熔体的相互反应可能是岩石圈演化的重要方式之一.     

中国东南部新生代岩石圈地幔研究

利用中国东南部新生代玄武岩中约２００个深源捕虏体,试图认识该区岩石圈地幔的成分特征,了解其经历的地幔作用过程,通过电子探针（ＥＭＰ）和激光探针（ＬＡＭ－ＩＣＰＭＳ）微束技术,对具代表性的深源捕虏体中的矿物进行了主量元素和微量元素地球化学分析,结合全岩主量元素地球化学特征,提出中国东南部元古代地壳之下主要为新的饱满型地幔,而这种新生代岩石圈地幔的形成与该区晚中生代以来软流圈上涌、岩石圈减薄和伸展作用密切相关。     

祁连古大洋地幔流体化学组成

为确定祁连古大洋地幔流体组成,采用分步加热质谱法测定了祁连造山带玉石沟蛇绿岩底部方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩中的流体化学组成．结果表明：地幔橄榄岩中不同赋存形式的流体组分在200-400,400-800,800-1200℃释放形成3个释气峰,主要释气峰温度（400-800℃）与中国东部地幔橄榄岩捕虏体相比较低．流体组成以CO2为主（平均303．87mm^3STP／g）,流体总量和S02质量浓度（平均分别为428．84,16．55mm^3／g）高．纯橄榄岩与方辉橄榄岩不同的流体组成揭示二者形成环境不同．根据岩石成因、流体赋存位置和释出温度范围区分出4类化学组成和来源不同的古大洋地幔流体：祁连古大洋软流圈地幔流体：以纯橄榄岩橄榄石800-1200℃释气峰流体为代表,化学组成以CO2,H2和CO等组分为主;古大洋岩石圈地幔初始流体：以方辉橄榄岩800-1200℃释气峰流体为代表,化学组成以CO2和SO2为主;地幔交代流体：以400-800℃释气峰流体为代表,化学组成以CO2为主,其次为SO2和H2;后期蚀变流体：以200-400℃释气峰流体为代表,化学组成以CO2为主,次要组分为N2和H2．     

大山火山锥幔源包体与寄主岩成因分析

认为大山火山锥由过碱性霞石岩组成，其中含尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体和捕虏晶；包体与寄主岩共存，但二者无成因联系；寄主岩是石榴石二辉橄榄岩部分熔融的产物，形成深度在７５ｋｍ以下；包体则是５０ｋｍ深处富化地幔岩石碎块及其解离的产物。这一结论对建立渤海裂谷区的上地幔剖面具重要意义。     

河北大麻坪超基性岩包体的岩石组构和地震波速各向异性

通过系统测定大麻坪尖晶石二辉橄榄岩、尖晶石方辉橄榄岩和含长二辉岩三类超基性岩包体中各主要矿物的晶格优选方位（LPO）,并用理论计算和实验测量得出地震波在岩石不同方向上的传播速度。结果表明：1）大麻坪包体中橄榄石与斜方辉石的LPO方位关系与通常所见的[100]ol//[001]opx,[010]ol//[100]opx,[001]ol//[010]opx不同;2）大麻坪地区幔源包体的波速各向异性显著,岩石的波速各向异性特征与其宏观构造和微观组构一致,说明岩石组构是赞成地震波速各向异性的决定因素;3）由地震波速推测的大麻坪地区的上地幔成分与包体出露的情况一致,即主体为二辉橄榄岩。     

塔里木板块坡十侵入体地化特征及岩石成因

坡十侵入体位于塔里木板块东北部坡北岩体内,是该岩体第三阶段岩浆活动形成的小侵入体之一.主要岩石类型有纯橄岩、二辉橄榄岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩和斜长橄榄二辉岩.岩石化学组成属拉斑玄武岩系列,普遍富集大离子亲石元素,岩石εNd(t)=+1.3～+8.5,显示亏损型地幔特征.岩石学和地球化学特征表明原生岩浆为苦橄质岩浆,岩浆演化过程发生了一定程度的同化混染作用,坡十侵入体与塔里木板块东北部的二叠纪幔源岩浆岩应该是塔里木大火成岩省的组成部分.     

大麻坪地幔包体的矿物学特征

本文通过电子探针分析对华北克拉通北缘的河北大麻坪地区广泛发育的新生代玄武岩中的地幔橄榄岩包体进行了矿物学研究,得到样品中橄榄石具有高Mg低Ca的特征,Fo平均值为90.10,表明大麻坪地幔包体为富集难熔型。单斜辉石中较高的Cr#值表明大麻坪地区的地幔包体橄榄岩经历了较高程度的熔融。包体中的尖晶石Mg#值变化范围为70.24～78.47,Cr#值变化范围为10.01～37.05,而尖晶石较低的Cr#值表明其熔融程度不高。根据化学成分的差异可将尖晶石分为低Al、Mg高Cr、Fe,和高Al、Mg低Cr、Fe两种,由此推测大麻坪地区可能存在着两种不同性质的岩石圈地幔。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.