无毒增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的合成

用固体氯化物催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯,柠檬酸三丁酯和乙酸酐反应合成乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯。研究了催化剂用量、原料配比、反应温度、反应时间对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件：（１）酯化反应：柠檬酸∶正丁醇为１∶３．５（ｍｏｌ）;反应温度为１３０℃;反应时间５ｈ,催化剂用量０．７％;（２）乙酰化反应：柠檬酸三丁酯∶乙酸酐为１∶１．６,反应温度为８５℃,反应时间为１ｈ,催化剂用量为０．０６％。酯化收率为９６．３％,乙酰化收率为９８．５％。     

固体超强酸TiO2/SO2-4催化合成丙酸苄酯

以固体超强酸ＴｉＯ２／ＳＯ＾２－４为催化剂,环己烷为带水剂,合成了丙酸苄酯、考察了催化剂制备,催化剂用量,原料配比,反应时间等因素对酯化率的影响,其最佳反应条件为：醇酸摩尔比１：３,催化剂用量１ｇ,反应时间１．５ｈ,反应温度９５－１１０℃,酯化率达到８８％。     

对合成N—氧化吡啶生产工艺的改进

在合成Ｎ－氧化吡啶过程中，以稀土杂多酸为催化剂省去了萃取过程。并对影响反应的因素如原料配比、反应时间和反应温度作了详细讨论，当吡啶：过氧化氢＝１ｍｏｌ：２．５ｍｏｌ，反应温度为８０℃，反应时间为４ｈ时，产品产率可达９３％左右。     

柠檬酸三丁酯的合成研究

介绍了对甲苯磺酸和硫酸氢钾混合催化剂合成柠檬酸三丁酯的研究。考察了催化剂配比、催化剂用量、原料配比、反应温度和反应时间等因素对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳反应条件:酸醇摩尔比为1:4.5,催化剂用量为3.0%,对甲苯磺酸和硫酸氢钾质量比为1:3,反应温度为140～150℃,反应时间为3h,柠檬酸三丁酯酯化率可达到96.9%。     

环氧丙烷废液制备丙二醇

利用环氧丙烷废液常压下制备丙二醇,对影响转化率的原料配比,反应温度和反应时间以及催化剂的用量进行了研究,得到最佳反应条件为:物料配比为3:1,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为6小时,催化剂的量是二氯丙烷物质量的0.05倍.在此条件下的最高收率能够达到77.46％.     

酸性树脂催化合成苹果酯的新工艺研究

以酸性树脂为催化剂，由乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇合成苹果酯，研究了催化剂用量、原料配比和反应时间对酯化反应的影响．结果表明：当原料配比为１∶１．２５，催化剂用量为３％，反应时间４ｈ时，产物收率可达９５．５％，催化剂经１０次重复使用后其性能仍保持稳定．     

异硫氰酸乙氧羰酯的合成

以氯甲酸乙酯和硫氰酸钠为原料,席夫碱为催化剂,采用相转移催化法合成异硫氰酸乙氧羰酯.研究了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间和原料配比等对产品收率的影响.结果表明:适当提高反应温度和延长反应时间有利于反应收率的提高;通过试验确定了该合成反应的适宜条件为:反应温度35℃,反应时间3h,硫氰酸钠、氯甲酸乙酯和席夫碱催化剂的摩尔...     

淀粉——苯乙烯接枝共聚物的研究（I）

本文以淀粉和苯乙烯为基本原料，经接枝共聚制备生物降解性ＰＳ母料，并讨论了原料配比、反应温度及反应时间等因素对产品性能的影响。结果表明：最佳原料配比为淀粉与苯乙烯之比为１：１，反应温度为６０℃，反应时间为８ｈ。     

相转移催化合成蔗糖酯：（Ⅲ）蔗糖棕榈酸酯的合成

在合成蔗糖棕榈酸酯中采用相转移催化的基本原理和方法．考察了反应时间、反应温度、原料的不同配比和催化剂用量对蔗糖棕榈酸酯重量产率的影响．得出反应时间为３ｈ，反应温度为８５～９０℃，原料棕榈酸甲酯和蔗糖的摩尔配比为１．０：２．５，催化剂用量为棕榈酸甲酯摩尔数的０．０８～０．１０时，其蔗糖棕榈酸酯产率是８８．３０％．产物经纯化后测定，所含蔗糖棕榈酸单酯与棕榈酸甲酯分子比为０．７７４０：１．００００。     

淀粉——苯乙烯接枝共聚物的研究(Ⅰ)

本文以淀粉和苯乙烯为基本原料，经接枝共聚制备生物降解性ＰＳ母料，并讨论了原料配比、反应温度及反应时间等因素对产品性能的影响。结果表明：最佳原料配比为淀粉与苯乙烯之比为１∶１，反应温度为６０℃，反应时间为８ｈ。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with