Alleviation of the toxicity of actinomycin D by uridine and thymidine on the morphogenesis of chick embryos cultivated in vitro

Zusammenfassung Untersuchung über die Wirkung von Actinomycin D auf Primitivstreifen- und Entwicklungsstadien der Kopfregion bei Hühnerembryonen in vitro: Anormale Entwicklung des Zentralnervensystems, der Somiten und des Herzens; diese Effekter konnten durch Thymidin oder Uridin zum Teil aufgehoben werden.

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One of us (S.M.K.) wishes to thank the UGC for financial assistance

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We thank Dr.P. N. Joshi of biochemistry and Mr.S. Biswas of statistics for their valuable help in the discussion.     

The effect of sulfhydryl reagents on cation binding by membrane fragments

Zusammenfassung Nachweis an Lebermikrosomen der Ratte, dass Sulfhydryl Reagenzienp-Chloromercuribenzoat (pCMB) undp-Chloromercuribenzol Sulfonat (pCMBS) die Bindung von Magnesium und Calcium ungefähr um 20% vermindern.

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I wish to thank Dr.George L. Ellman for several of the sulfhydryl reagents and for discussions relating to the present study. I also wish to thank Mr.Thian Vui Mark Lee for his capable assistance during the course of this investigation.     

Changes in dopamineβ-hydroxylase activity of monkey plasma with age

Summary Plasma dopamine -hydroxylase activity of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata fuscata) increased with age, and the developmental changes were similar to those of human beings. However, the adult level plasma DBH activity of various monkey species was much lower than that of human beings.We thank Dr.K. Nozawa, Dr.O. Takenaka and Mr.T. Shotake (Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University) for their help in collecting monkey blood samples.     

Diphasic action of the aliphatic amide,HOE 17879, on hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes in the mouse

Summary -Hydroxy--ethylbutyryl-diethylamide (HOE 17879) influences the hepatic microsomal drug hydroxylating enzyme system of mice in a two-phasic way: First it reduces the overall reaction of drug hydroxylation but not the single enzymes whilst in the second period it increases enzyme activities.Acknowledgments. The authors are indebted to their colleague, Dr.K. Schmitt, for making the substance HOE 17879 available. They wish to thank to Mr.Mayer, Mr.Paulusch Mrs.Fey, Mrs.Stein, and MissFehlings for their skilful assistance in the project.     

Penetration of phospholipases A2 and C into the squid (Loligo pealii) giant axon

Summary Following 1 h exposure, the level of phospholipase A₂ penetration into the axoplasm of the squid giant axon was 107 to 350% of that in the external media; corresponding values for phospholipase C were 18 to 31%. Phospholipases can therefore be used to study phospholipid function in axons since they can penetrate through connective tissue and Schwann cell to reach the axolemma.I thank Dr.Toshio Narahashi for allowing me to use his laboratory facilities at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. for the dissection of squid axons. Expert technical assistance in these studies were provided by Mr.Steven Trudel and Mr.Stuart Owen Rosenberg. This work was supported in part by a grant from the University of Connecticut Research Foundation.     

The effect of the venom of the digger wasp Philanthus on the fast and slow excitatory and the inhibitory system in the locust muscle

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass das Gift der Wespe Philanthus triangulum F. bei der Heuschrecke eine reversible Muskellähmung bewirkt, die auf einer Blockierung der Axon-Muskel-Synapse der «schnellen» Faser beruht. Die Synapse der langsamen und hemmenden Faser wird offenbar nicht beeinflusst.

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This work has been supported in part by the European Research Office, United States Army, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

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Acknowledgments: I am indebted to Prof. Dr. C.van der Meer for his constant help and criticism and to Dr. R. T.Simon Thomas for providing the wasps. I wish to thank Mr. E.Engels for all the technical work.     

Pantothenic acid distribution and protein synthesis in the particulate fractions of rat liver

Zusammenfassung Ratten wurden während 10 Wochen mit durch Pantothensäure angereicherte Nahrung oder mit Pantothensäure-Mangeldiät gefüttert. Im Anschluss daran wurden die durch Differentialzentrifugation gewonnenen Fraktionen von Leberhomogenat auf ihren Protein- und Panthothensäuregehalt untersucht. Die Resultate deuten darauf hin, dass Panthothensäure die Synthese von Leberproteinen, insbesondere in der Überstands-Fraktion, stimuliert.

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Acknowledgement. Authors thank Dr. (Mrs.)A. Venkataraman and Dr.N. K. Dutta, Director of this Institute, for their encouragement and interest, and they are also grateful to Dr.M. J. Modak for his kind help.     

Esterases in the hearts,lungs and livers of human foetuses before mid-term

Zusammenfassung Verschiedene Fraktionen von Esterasen in embryonalem Gewebe und enzymatische Reifungsprozesse während der Ontogenese werden beschrieben.

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I wish to thank ProfessorG. A. G. Mitchell, Dr. S. R. Choudhury andMr. A. M. Lundy for their help and advice.     

Acute toxicity of dimethylnitrosamine in the presence of inhibitors of DMN demethylase

Summary The LD₅₀ of DMN was determined in groups of mice in the presence of inhibitors of DMN demethylase. Piperonyl butoxide, dibutylnitrosamine and nitrososarcosine had no effect on the acute toxicity of DMN. Diethylnitrosamine and DMN were markedly synergistic. All mice treated with 100 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine and 10.7 mg/kg DMN died. These results suggest that DMN demethylase may not be involved in theaacute toxicity of DMN.We thank Dr.D. B. Couch, Mr.E. J. Greene and Dr.A. E. Munson for their technical assistance.     

Infrared spectrum of strontium hydroxyapatite

Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Methode berichtet, die es erlaubt, Apatide zu unterscheiden, in denen anstelle des Calciums Strontium eingetreten ist.

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This investigation was supported by Research Grant DE-02102-02 of the U.S. Public Health Service. I thank Prof.N. Fuson for his interest, encouragement and many helpful suggestions throughout apatite investigation. The IR-spectrum of the sample was run by Mr.K. E. Stine at Beckman Instruments Inc., Fullerton, California, and the X-ray diffraction pattern was done by Dr.R. L. Collin of the University of Rochester, Rochester, New York. The sample was prepared at the Infrared Spectroscopy Institute, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee, and the results and discussion parts were completed at Kentucky State College, Frankfort, Kentucky.     

A novel tetracyclic sesquiterpene from the oil of orejuela ofCymbopetalum penduliforum (Dunal)

Résumé De l'éther de pétrole extrait de l'huile de l'Orejula (Cymbopetalum penduliforum Dunal, Baill) fut examiné pour son contenu en terpènes. On a isolé les sesquiterpènes tétracycliques (ishwarone). L'évidence chimique et spectral appuie la constitution chimique et sa conversion à isoishwarone.

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The authors are grateful to Dr.F. Will, Mr.W. F. Kuhn and Mr.G. Vilcins for their valuable analytical data and to Dr.R. F. Dawson for the oil of orejuela and Dr.P. C. Parthasarathy for the authentic sample of isoishwarane. We wish to thank ProfessorsA. Burger andN. H. Cromwell for helpful discussions.     

1β-Hydroxylation ofd-norgestrel and norethisterone byBotryodiploadi malorum

Zusammenfassung Die mikrobiologische 1-Hydroxylierung vond-Norgestrel und Norethisteron durch den MikroorganismusBotryodiplodia malorum wird beschrieben. Ausserdem wurde 11-Hydroxynorethisteron isoliert und charakterisiert.

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Acknowledgement. The authors want to express their appreciation to Dr.H. Smith for advice and encouragement through the course of this work. We wish to thank Dr.T. Chang, Dr.C. Hetzel and Mr.C. Kuhlman for obtaining and interpreting the mass spectra and Mr.B. Hormann for NMR decoupling experiments and analytical services.     

Interspecific protoplast fusion and complementation inaspergilli

Summary Protoplast fusion and nutritional complementation between auxotrophic mutants ofAspergillus nidulans andAspergillus fumigatus has been achieved. It is concluded that the nutritional complementation may be due to interspecific aneuploidy.The authors thank Mr.L. Manczinger and Mr.Gy. Oravecz for producing and characterizing the required mutants; Dr.D. Goldstein for providing the strainA. nidulans R. 21; Dr.D. Kerridge for the wild-type strainA. fumigatus 5085; and Mr.L. Nagy, MissÉva Sziráki and MissMária Pölös for skilful technical assistance.     

Robertsonian fusion between homologous chromosomes in a natural population of the least cotton rat,Sigmodon minimus (Rodentia,Cricetidae)

Zusammenfassung Die diploide Chromosomenzahl vonSigmodon minimus, einem Nager der Familie der Cricetiden ist 30. Im Karyotyp befindet sich kein grosses metazentrisches Chromosom. Bei Tieren aus einer Population von Silver City, New Mexico, wurden 29 Chromosomen gefunden. Eines davon war relativ gross und metazentrisch. Beim Paaren der Chromosomen in Meiose ist es evident, dass das metazentrische Chromosom das Fusionsprodukt von 2 homologen Chromosomen ist.

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The author wishes to thank Dr. J.Wright, Dr. J. S.Findley and Mr. J. T.Mascarello for their assistance in procuring the live specimens.     

In vitro metabolism of progesterone by the adrenals of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Zusammenfassung Der Einbau des¹⁴C-Progesterons in Corticosteroide bei Nebennierensegmenten von Wistar-Ratten mit spontaner Hypertonie unterscheidet sich in nichts vom Einbau bei Nebennieren der Kontrollratten, was im Gegensatz zu Befunden mit regenerierten Nebennieren steht. Eine kausale Beziehung zwischen Nebennierenrindenfunktion und spontanem Hochdruck scheint ausgeschlossen zu sein.

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Dr. M. K.Birmingham is a Medical Research Associate of the Medical Research Council of Canada. This work was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council of Canada and the 33rd Degree Scottish Rite Committee for Research in Dementia Praecox. The authors thank Dr. R. A.Cleghorn for his interest in this project.     

Transplantation of an entire muscle in mice

Zusammenfassung Bei Mäusegeschwistern führte homoplastische Transplantation kleiner Muskeln in toto zur Wiedererlangung ihrer vollen Funktion unter nervöser Kontrolle.

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We thank ProfessorM. Otsuka, Dr.H. Ishikawa and Dr.E. Ozawa for their helpful suggestions and discussions and ProfessorM. Kuno for his review on this paper. We are also indebted to the Central Institute for Experimental Animals (Tokyo) for providing the mice.     

Occurence of diploid drones in a neotropical bumblebee

Zusammenfassung Mutter-Sohn-Kreuzung bei der südamerikanischen HummelBombus atratus Franklin ergab diploide Männchen mit normalen Arbeiterinnen im Verhältnis von 3 zu 1. Tur Interpretation des genetischen Mechanismus wurden 2 geschlechtsgebundene Loci angenommen, als bisher angenommen wurde, was für einen älteren Mechanismus bei Apiden spricht.

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This study was made possible by a grant of the State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).

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Acknowledgment. I would like to thank Dr.W. E. Kerr, Dr.R. Zucchi and Dr.S. F. Sakagami for their excellent assistance during the course of this investigation as well during the translation. I also would like to thank Dr.R. H. Crozier for his suggestions and comments and I extend my thankfulness to professorsJ. Chaud Netto andZ. Silveira.     

Preparation of specific antiserum againstRana esculenta pre-α lens crystallin

Summary Specific antiserum againstRana esculenta lens pre- crystallin was prepared in a rabbit by injecting antigen-antibody precipitate of this crystallin obtained from immunoelectrophoresis ofesculenta total soluble lens proteins against homologous antiserum.Acknowledgments. We thank Mr.A. Wachter for the excellent technical help, Mr.Th. Hulskes and Mr.A. M. v. Egeraat for the illustrations and finally Dr.W. E. Hawkins for valuable discussion.     

Electron microscopic observation of the balloon-formation of isolated spinach chloroplasts

Zusammenfassung Die Ballonbildung isolierter Spinatchloroplasten wurde elektronenoptisch untersucht.

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The authors wish to thank Dr. Y.Kishida for his helpful advice in electron microscopy.     

High-frequency fusion of fungal protoplasts

Zusammenfassung Es gelang, die intraspezifische Protoplastfusion vonAspergillus flavus, A. nidulans, A. niger, Penicillium frequentans undP. ramigena mit grosser H?ufigkeit zu verwirklichen. Die Fusionsh?ufigkeit wurde durch Komplementation von Mangelmutanten festgestellt.

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The authors thank Dr.M. Czakó, Dr.M. Pesti and Mr.L. Manczinger for producing and characterizing some of the required mutants, andéva Sziráki andMagdolna Romvári for skilful technical assistance.