低温稀酸预处理玉米秸秆的研究

本文采用低温稀酸法预处理玉米秸秆,利用正交实验方法考察了反应时间、反应温度、硫酸浓度三个因素对预处理效果的影响,以水解液中木糖浓度和葡萄糖浓度比值和预处理后的物料酶解液中葡萄糖的浓度作为评价指标。实验结果表明：在固液质量比1:5时,硫酸浓度2 ％,温度90 ℃,反应时间12 h为最佳处理条件,此时水解液中木糖浓度和葡萄糖比值为4.43,酶解液中葡萄糖的浓度为2.76%。     

邻硝基苯甲醛的"槽内式"电合成研究

采用V5+/V4+作氧化媒质,以邻硝基甲苯为原料,苯做溶剂,在浓硫酸存在下,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为相转移催化剂,用"槽内式"[1]电合成邻硝基苯甲醛.通过正交实验考察了硫酸浓度、反应温度、电流密度、反应时间4个因素对电流效率的影响.并对硫酸浓度,反应温度进行单因素优化,确定最佳反应条件为硫酸浓度8mol·L-1,反应温度60℃,在电流密度为3.5mA/cm3条件下反应6h,最大电流效率达145.12%.     

水钴矿浸出试验研究

随着我国钴冶炼工业的发展,水钴矿已成为我国进口的重要钴资源之一.采用硫酸法,通过正交试验法,研究了反应温度、反应时间、还原剂用量和反应终点pH值对水钴矿浸出率的影响.试验结果表明：其中反应时间影响最大,pH值影响最小.当温度为40 ℃、反应时间为3 h、还原剂用量为50 g、反应终点pH为0.5时,钴的浸出率最佳.     

乙醇还原法制备消毒剂二氧化氯的研究

探讨了以乙醇、氯酸钠、硫酸为原料制备二氧化氯,通过正交实验研究了影响二氧化氯产率和纯度的因素,即物料的配比、酸度和温度,得出了最佳工艺条件:在投料比(物质的量比)n氯酸钠:n乙醇为4:1.5,硫酸的浓度为6 mol/L,反应温度为55℃,反应时间为35 min的条件下,二氧化氯的产率可达93％,纯度达94％.本文在一定程度上拓展了二氧化氯制备的思路.     

氧化剂对低浓度硫酸溶解钛铁矿的影响

采用加入氧化剂和降低硫酸浓度等方法对传统的钛白粉生产工艺进行改进,探讨了氧化剂加入量、硫酸浓度、搅拌速度、反应时间等条件对钛铁矿酸解率的影响.通过正交实验获得了氧化剂对低浓度硫酸溶解钛铁矿的最佳工艺条件:KMnO4的加入量为钛铁矿质量的0.5％,硫酸浓度为60％,在600 r/min的搅拌速度下,控制温度为150℃后连续反应60 min.按这些工艺条件,钛铁矿酸解率可达到96％.     

纳米微晶纤维素的制备与表征

本文用硫酸水解微晶纤维素来制备纳米纤维素(nanocrystalline cellulose,以下简称为NCC).通过正交试验方法确定了硫酸水解法制备纳米纤维素的最佳反应条件,并通过粒径分析、XRD(X-ray diffraction)衍射、红外光谱(infrared spectroscopy,简称为IR)分析和扫描电镜分析对所制备的纳米纤维素进行了表征.对纳米纤维素粒径大小的影响因素中最主要的是硫酸浓度,其次是水解时间,最后是反应温度,最佳反应条件为硫酸浓度60%,反应时间2.5 h,反应温度45℃;纳米纤维素的平均粒径为187 nm,粒径分布系数PDI为0.394;通过XRD衍射和红外光谱分析,可以看出纤维素的特征和晶体结构未发生明显变化.     

用羽毛提取混合氨基酸

采用硫酸水解家禽羽毛提取混合氨基酸,研究了硫酸浓度,用量,反应温度,反应时间,催化剂等因素对羽毛水解反应的影响,确定了提取氨基酸的最佳工艺条件,硫酸浓度为30％,用量300mL,反应温度为105℃,催化剂为10g,反应时间为4h,羽毛水解氨基酸的产率可达90％。     

汽油清净分散剂聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺的合成工艺条件

研究了聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺作为汽油清净分散剂的合成工艺条件，通过正交试验考察了反应温度、反应时间和配料比的影响。结果表明，对聚异丁烯与马来酸酐热加合反应的影响程度从大到小排列为：反应温度，反应时间，配料比。最佳反应条件如下：反应温度为230～240℃、反应时间为14h，聚异丁烯与马来酸酐配料比为1：2。对合成的单聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺(TETA)、双聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺(TETA)、单聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺(TEPA)、双聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺(TEPA)4种产物做了滤纸分散和金属表面氧化结焦实验，对其性能进行了初步评价。结果表明，单聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺具有较好的清净分散效果，其中单聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺(TETA)的增溶率达到9．2％；4种产物在铜板上的氧化结焦率都比较小，在钢板上的氧化结焦率都比较大。此外，还考察了不同浓度的单聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺(TETA)和单聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺(TEPA)对增溶率的影响，结果显示，当浓度为3mg／g时增溶效果最好。     

蛇纹石尾矿制备高纯氧化镁工艺条件的研究

文章研究了以蛇纹石尾矿为原料制备高纯氧化镁的新工艺,并考察了粗硫酸镁溶液净化终点pH值的变化对样品纯度的影响;同时,在精制硫酸镁溶液浓度、煅烧温度和煅烧时间确定的前提下,通过正交实验确定沉淀反应的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度40℃,硫酸镁与碳酸钠摩尔计量比为1:1.4,反应时间30 min,陈化时间30 min;在此条件下,所得样品中wMgO≥99.16%,wCaO≤0.08%.     

苎麻纤维化学接枝改性的研究

以高锰酸钾（KMnO4）为引发剂、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为单体，苎麻纤维进行接枝共聚反应。讨论了接枝率与高锰酸钾溶液浓度、预处理温度、预处理时间、硫酸浓度、甲基丙烯酸甲酯浓度、接枝反应温度以及接枝反应时间的关系。结果表明，苎麻纤维的接枝率可达142．4％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the