论农村公路桥梁的养护与管理

桥梁是公路的重要组成部分,其养护质量的好坏直接关系到整条公路的使用功能和服务水平。文中针对目前农村公路桥梁现状,分析了在管养过程中存在的问题,并根据多年的桥梁管养经验,对如何进一步提高桥梁管养水平进行了探讨。     

高速公路管养体制探讨

本文以宁宿徐高速公路养护管理体制为模式,重点阐述管养结合体制中养护中心的人员和设备配置、管养里程、管养职责等,并就与社会化养护公司的合作进行了分析。     

新时期公路养护管理体制改革方向的探讨

阐述了现行公路养护管理体制的不足，并根此探讨了新时期公路养护管理体制的改革方向，包括实现政企分开及管养分开、组建养护机械化专业队伍、引入竞争机制、使用公路养护管理系统和专家决策系统、制定配套的政策与措施、为养护队伍人员分流建立社会保障体系等。     

浅谈特殊结构桥梁的管养

该文在总结借鉴国内和发达国家桥梁管养经验基础上,依据国家现行规范、标准,以及城市交通发展趋势,对目前桥梁管养存在的问题进行了分析,并提出对特殊结构桥梁管养相关建议,供从事桥梁建设、管理、养护的专业技术人员参考.     

对《水利工程维修养护定额标准》的应用实践

2004年7月29日,水利部、财政部联合发文颁布《水利工程维修养护定额标准》(以下简称"定额标准"),《定额标准》的出台一方面为水管体制改革和水利工程管养分离的顺利实施提供经费核定依据,保证了水利工程维修养护资金足额到位;另一方面为建立市场化、专业化和社会化的水利工程维修养护体系,提高养护水平,降低运行成本,培育维修养护市场主体,规范维修养护市场环境提供支持。     

市场经济条件化下公路养护管理对策谈

公路是国民经济建设的重要基础设施,公路养护管理的发展越来越重要。公路养护体制改革的进程,使公路养护这块蛋糕逐渐从行业保护翼下浮出市场。＂十一五＂期间我国公路养护总里程达到230万公里,在这巨大市场即将成型的阶段,必将有一番优胜劣汰的过程。如何在竞争中站稳脚跟,是几十万养护从业人员都面临的非常紧迫的问题,笔者根据近几年工作中的一些体会,分析了加强公路养护与管理的重要性,探讨一下传统公路养护部门的在市场化条件下生存发展的一些策略,供大家探讨。目前,公路的重要性已经被我国各级政府所认识,并且给予了足够的重视,公路建设正在全国各地如火如荼地开展,里程增加,技术等级提高,路面状况改善,公路建设呈现出良好的发展态势,但由于农村公路的使用极不规范以及县际和农村公路的养护项目分散,涉及面广,基层和一线技术力量、管理力量都比较薄弱,在养护中遇到的技术问题较多,资金投入也受到限制;再加上养护管理部门的设置还不完善,乡镇又没有较全面的养护机构,致使乡镇道路养护管理脱节,以至大量道路毁坏,严重影响道路的使用寿命和服务质量,阻碍农村交通事业的发展。因此,加快建立乡村道路养护管理机制,积极筹集乡村道路养护资金,加强对乡村道路养护管理的领导,对加快农村交通建设步伐,促进农村经济健康发展有着重要意义。     

对大通县农村公路管理与养护工作的思考

我县是全省农村公路管养体制改革的试点县。本文分析了大通县农村公路的现状，按照全省《农村公路管理与养护体制改革试点工作方案》的要求，启动了农村公路管养体制改革方案，从不同层面阐述了农村公路管理与养护工作的组织与实施，并得出了养护与管理工作的成功经验。     

浅谈公路养护的科学管理

公路是国民经济建设中的重要基础设施,公路养护的管理在公路建设中显得越发重要.本文分析了公路养护科学管理的重要性,指出了我国在现阶段中公路养护管理工作的不足之处,并提出相应的对策来解决这些问题,把公路养护的管理做的更加出色.     

城市沥青路面养护维修措施探讨

随着城市建设的飞速发展,作为城市组成并占有重要位置的市政基础设施城市道路来讲,其功能性、使用性能每时每刻对城市的社会发展、经济发展、人民生活都有着不可分割的依存关系。对这些路面如何进行科学的、系统的养护与施工管理,是道路养护管理系统最基本的组成部分。文章对沥青路面常见的病害作了分析,并提出针对性的养护措施。     

考虑不确定性的既有桥梁网络管养对策优化

为了实现辖区桥梁整体的优化管理,提出一种考虑不确定性的既有桥梁网络整体管养策略优化分析方法。采用可靠度指标评价桥梁构件、个体与网络的多级性能层次;构建了网级桥梁管养策略的优化框架;并分别建立了寿命期内桥梁性能演变的概率模型,以及养护策略效应和网络养护成本的数学模型;基于Visio网络图形建模方法,发展了一种桥梁网络拓扑结构的自动识别技术;提出一种基于失效分枝矩阵的网络性能概率评价方法,并以运营荷载和环境作用状况下的网络路径连通性能为例进行优化及分析。研究结果表明:该方法强化了对大节点数复杂网络的分析能力;该技术与多目标优化算法结合,实现了考虑不确定性的网级管养策略优化的全程计算机化;网级优化的Pareto前缘给出的都是全局最优解,网级管养优化策略明显提高了桥梁网络的整体性能,有效避免了传统决策引起的木桶短板效应,实现了资金的全局最优分配。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that