城市轨道交通车站客流特征影响程度分析

城市轨道交通车站客流特征与其周边建成环境和社会经济因素密切相关，且不同影响因素对客流特征的影响也存在时间和空间异质性。以车站工作日日均客流量、工作日特殊时段(如早高峰进站、早高峰出站、晚高峰进站和晚高峰出站)客流量为因变量，从车站属性、连接性和建成环境3个方面选择23个自变量，采用多尺度地理加权回归(MGWR)模型构建客流特征分析模型，分析不同时间尺度下轨道交通车站客流量的影响因素及其相互作用，并以南京市轨道交通系统进行实例分析。结果表明：与普通最小二乘法(OLS)回归模型和地理加权回归(GWR)模型相比，MGWR模型更为可靠；忽略早晚高峰客流影响的全天客流量预测模型拥有的显著自变量最多，到市中心的距离对客流量有显著的负影响，证明距离市中心越近的车站的客流量集聚性越明显；周边居住、生活类设施占比较高的车站对早高峰进站和晚高峰出站客流有很强的吸引作用，而周边居住、生活类设施占比不高的车站对早高峰出站和晚高峰进站客流有很强的吸引作用。研究结果可以为城市规划部门促进城市轨道交通与城市建设的协同发展提供理论支撑。     

基于AnyLogic的人流增多地铁站系统再优化

随着城市地铁及城市规划的持续扩建,伴随出现了一些建设较早的地铁站人流增多而引起的大客流现象。针对这一现象,从地铁站内、外两方面系统地分析了客流增多的原因,应用工业工程方法提出了优化思维导图和地铁再优化原则。以西安地铁二号线运动公园站为例,运用Anylogic行人库仿真技术进行了全尺寸、全数据仿真建模研究,在对进站人流特性进行分析的基础上,以密度图拥堵点、进出站用时和服务用时及它的队长等为指标,体现了优化前后的效果。结果表明,两侧入口人流得到明显均衡、瓶颈处人流密度降低,A、D侧行人安检耗时缩短4.48min,进站时间缩短4.08min,整体人流出站时间缩短了0.62min。地铁再优化思路以及案例具体的优化意见能够为现今地铁站的再优化提供一定的解决思路。     

地铁车站客流疏导优化

为解决日常轨道交通站点拥堵问题,提高地铁车站客运效率,利用AnyLogic仿真软件对地铁站进行模拟仿真,得到地铁站行人密度图,分析地铁站拥堵瓶颈点,从行人流线和站内设施设备布局两个角度提出针对性优化措施。结果表明：地铁站站厅层安检区和站台层扶梯组通常为地铁站拥堵瓶颈区,改善安检区域与扶梯出口区域的拥堵是提升地铁站客运效率的关键。在安检口增设独立安检系统,适时安排工作人员引导拥堵区人流是既经济又高效的措施。采取措施后,拥堵区行人密度有所下降,验证了优化措施的有效性。该方法可为地铁站客流组织管理提供参考。     

城市轨道交通出站端潜在自行车接驳分担率转移模型

为了掌握城市轨道交通车站出站端自行车接驳特征,定量描述出站端潜在自行车接驳分担率转移规律,以日本东京都为例,选取570个车站进行调查,总结不同区域自行车接驳分担率变化规律,得出其与车站密度、设施配置的关系.在此基础上,筛选出30组车站-交通小区对调查其接驳距离、步行及公交接驳时间、费用等,探讨接驳距离、步行与公交接驳时间差、公交在车时间比对出站端潜在自行车接驳分担率转移的影响,通过多元非线性拟合,建立出站端潜在自行车接驳分担率转移模型并验证.     

中国最大地下火车站见雏形:25个足球场!

正对于繁华大城市来将,地上空间可谓寸土寸金,于是建设者便开始将交通设施搬入地下,从而最大限度节省地面空间。最常见的便是地下轨道交通。11月26日,广佛环城际铁路上的东平新城车站主体框架完成。这是目前国内最大的城际铁路地下车站,造价11个亿,建成后车站能够实现通往广州、佛山、江门、珠海四条轨道线路同台换乘。目前,相当于三个普通地下车站长度的东平新     

排队论在优化铁路既有线车站布点中的应用

运用排队论的基本原理分析铁路既有线车站布点,从而得出车站优化布点的数学模型,为实践中决策铁路既有线车站撤并,提供了有益的决策支持.     

不同类型的城市轨道交通车站客流时空分布特征

为明晰轨道交通车站功能类型，防范大客流风险和精细化城市管理，探究不同类型车站客流的时空分布特征，采用高斯混合模型(GMM)建立轨道交通车站类型识别方法，运用期望最大化(EM)算法进行求解，选择南京市轨道交通系统进行验证；从进出站时间分布和出行时间分布2个维度，探讨不同类型车站的客流时间分布规律；从车站间的客流起讫点(OD)分布，分析不同类型车站的客流空间分布规律。研究结果表明：南京市128个轨道交通车站可以划分为居住导向型、就业导向型、职住错位型、错位偏居住型、错位偏就业型和枢纽综合型6类；不同类型车站的客流进出站时间分布差异显著，居住导向型和就业导向型车站呈现出典型的单峰形态，进出站客流比介于[0.23,5.59],具有明显的“早进晚出”或“早出晚进”客流高峰；职住错位型车站呈现出典型的双峰形态，进出站客流比分别为1.19和1.07,早晚高峰时段的进出客流较为均衡；错位偏居住型和错位偏就业型车站也呈现出双峰形态，但2个峰值大小不同；枢纽综合型车站没有显著的进出站客流早晚高峰，客流波动没有明显的规律性；不同类型车站的进出站早晚高峰时段不一致，其中早高峰时段出站时间的高峰比进站时间晚15...     

铁路车站安全管理的思考

铁路枢纽历史悠久,且是批量运送的首选交通工具,随着社会的不断进步,公民对于铁路的依赖越发体现。对于在物资分配、货物运送及载客方面都至关重要的铁路车站,其实质是铁路枢纽的最基本组成部分,所以要使全国铁路枢纽能顺利地运行,就必须管理好铁路车站,保证铁路车站的安全。该文根据目前铁路情况,仔细思考其存在的安全管理问题,进而给出合理的治理方案。     

辅助改方中出站信号机列车信号的开放

大准铁路复线开通后,当区间轨道电路发生故障,需要列车反方向运行,办理好辅助改方手续后,机车司机就只能根据调度命令和车站发车人员的发车手信号发车,而无法依据出站信号机显示发车,这个问题既影响行车效率又极容易出错。针对这一问题结合改方电路的实际情况,笔者经过多次分析试验,最终提出将改方电路中的控制继电器的励磁电路进行修改,使出站信号机能随着空闲继电器的励磁而开放,从而解决了司机只能根据调度命令和车站发车人员的发车手信号发车的问题,提高了行车安全和行车效率。     

论如何加强非正常情况下铁路车站接发列车的安全管理

目前,随着经济水平的提高,人流与物流的交换越来越多越快,安全是其中重点关注的问题,而铁路在非正常情况下的行车安全问题一直是铁路运输实际工作中存在的薄弱环节,为此,对于非正常情况铁路车站接发列车情况一定要密切关注,并且采取安全而有效的控制措施,以防非正常情况下不良后果的发生。通过对非正常情况下接发列车发生问题的原因分析,并对确保非正常情况下接发列车安全提出了应对措施。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that