人工湿地技术对水源地雨水径流污染阻控的应用研究

设置了不同基质(砾石、加气混凝土)及是否种植美人蕉的不同人工湿地结构,通过小试实验对比各个工况对雨水径流污染的阻控效果.研究发现,加气混凝土与种植美人蕉的人工湿地组合成本略高(4.20元/工况),较其余工况高出1.00～2.90元/工况,但在运行的两个周期(交替运行30 h,落干48 h)内,对NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、TN、PO₄^3-、TP和COD_Cr的平均去除率分别为73.3%、47.0%、85.4%、56.4%、76.0%和65.5%,平均高出其余工况10.9%～18.8%,效果最优,性价比最高,适于推广应用.     

一株氢氧化细菌的生长条件及其对不同氮源利用的研究

从污水处理厂活性污泥中成功地筛选出一株自养型氢氧化细菌(Hydrogen-oxidizing Bacterium, HOB), 命名为Rhodoblastus sp. TH20。以模拟氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)废水作为培养基, 该菌株能够以H₂为能源, CO₂为碳源, 其最适宜的生长条件为25℃、160 rpm和pH=7.0。当初始NH₄⁺-N浓度为100 mg/L时, 菌株在72小时内能有效地去除NH₄⁺-N (>99%)。其中, 77.8%的 NH₄⁺-N被同化为有机氮, 储存在细胞体内, 剩余的转化为气态氮。 结果表明: Rhodoblastus sp. TH20具有高效的氨同化能力, 可实现NH₄⁺-N向微生物蛋白的资源转化, 为含NH₄⁺-N污水的资源化处理提供一条新途径。     

采用生物净化滤柱同步降低CODMn并去除NH4+-N、Mn2+的启动过程研究

采用生物净化滤柱降低微污染水源水中的COD_Mn并去除NH₄⁺-N、Mn²⁺,考察净化启动过程中以及沿程的COD_Mn、ρ(NH₄⁺-N)、ρ(Mn²⁺)变化.结果表明,在71 d时,出水中的COD_Mn、ρ(NH₄⁺-N)、ρ(Mn²⁺)均低于《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006),并且COD_Mn最先达标,生物除锰效果受到NH₄⁺-N氧化过程中产生的NO₂^--N的影响.净化的沿程分析结果表明,随着净化启动的进行, COD_Mn的降低率和NH₄⁺-N的去除率逐渐提高,稳定阶段COD_Mn、NH₄⁺     

菌株Acinetobacter sp. Z1低温脱氮除磷性能及氮磷转化途径

从冬季污水处理厂活性污泥中筛选出一株在低温及好氧条件下具有脱氮除磷功能的菌株,经16Sr DNA序列分析鉴定为不动杆菌,命名为Acinetobactersp.Z1.在10℃条件下探究菌株Z1的脱氮除磷性能及氮磷转化途径.结果表明,菌株Z1能够利用NH₄⁺-N或NO₃^--N为唯一氮源,以及NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N为混合氮源进行脱氮除磷.菌株Z1在碳源为乙酸钠,m(COD)/m(N)≥20,m(P)/m(N)=0.2,中性或弱碱性溶液中,摇床转速n≥100r/min的条件下具有良好的氮磷去除效果,NH₄⁺-N和PO₄^3--P最大去除率可分别达96.0%和97.9%.菌株Z1的氮转化途径主要是同化,同时也能通过异养硝化-好氧反硝化作用脱氮.菌株Z1可以在好氧条件下除磷,在厌氧条件下不释放磷.实验结果表明菌株Z1在低温条件下具有良好...     

上海市亚微米颗粒物中水溶性含氮组分的分布特征

细颗粒态无机和有机含氮组分的形成、转化、传输和沉降在大气氮循环中发挥重要作用.为了解上海亚微米颗粒物(PM₁)中含氮物质的质量浓度、组成及季节变化特征,使用大流量采样器采集了2017—2018年66个PM₁样品,并应用离子色谱仪和紫外/可见光光度计分析了水溶性无机离子和水溶性有机氮(water-soluble organic nitrogen,WSON)的质量浓度.结果表明:上海PM₁中NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、WSON的年平均质量浓度分别为1.79、0.97、0.41μg/m³;NH₄⁺-N对水溶性总氮(water-soluble total nitrogen,WSTN)的贡献最高(56%),NO₃^--N次之(31%),WSON为13%.上海PM₁中含氮组分的质量浓度存在冬季最高、夏季最低的季节变化趋...     

不同制备条件下枸杞枝生物炭的性质及对NH4+-N吸附的影响

为了合理有效地利用青海省废弃枸杞枝,本研究以枸杞枝为原材料,对不同热解温度(300、400、500℃)、停留时间(30、60、90 min)制备条件下枸杞枝生物炭产率、pH、电导率和NH₄⁺-N吸附量进行研究。结果表明：随着热解温度的升高和停留时间的延长,生物炭产率显著降低,pH显著升高,高热解温度下电导率显著高于低热解温度;热解温度对炭产率、pH、电导率的影响均大于停留时间。热解温度对NH₄⁺-N吸附量有显著影响,热解温度为400℃,停留时间为90 min时,生物炭的NH₄⁺-N吸附量最大,为1.955 mg/g;热解温度为400℃,停留时间为60 min时,1 t枸杞枝制炭后NH₄⁺-N总吸附量达到最大,为0.737 kg。本研究为枸杞枝生物炭吸附NH₄⁺-N的最优制备条件提供科学依据。     

组合人工湿地系统对养殖废水净化效果的研究

采用垂直流和水平潜流人工湿地构成复合型人工湿地系统,对水产养殖废水进行处理,研究该复合型人工湿地系统对污水中TP、TN、NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N的去除效果。结果表明:TP的去除率为82.45%至99.79%,平均去除率为92.75%;TN的去除率为74.09%至84.63%,平均去除率为79.33%;NH_4~+-N的去除率为35.27%至99.13%,平均去除率为67.84%;NO_2~--N的去除率为53.62%至75.98%,平均去除率为63.38%。该复合型人工湿地系统对TP去除率优于TN,并对重富营养化水体的净化效果优于异常营养化水体。     

陕西关中地区大气氮湿沉降特征分析

为了进一步了解陕西关中地区大气氮沉降的变化特征，采用降水采集法对宝鸡2018年大气氮湿沉降进行了观测，并对雨水中可溶性无机氮浓度及沉降通量的动态变化进行了分析.结果表明：(1)雨水中NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N月平均质量浓度为1.581 mg/L和1.369 mg/L，且降水量少的月份雨水中氮素浓度较高；(2)NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N在雨水中的季浓度均呈现冬季高、夏季低的趋势；(3)大气氮湿沉降通量为9.728 kg/(hm²·a)，其中NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N分别占53.6%和46.4%，且降水量多的季节氮沉降通量也相应较高；(4)大气氮总沉降通量达23.713 kg/(hm²·a)，约占当地农田氮肥施入的10%.     

分段进水生物接触氧化工艺净化河道水质的旁路示范工程研究

针对滇池流域污染最严重的大清河,采用分段进水生物接触氧化工艺(SBCOP) 开展河道水体的旁路处理示范工程研究。SBCOP示范工程的设计规模为1000m³d,水力停留时间(HRT)为4.75h。2007年11月至2008年3月冬旱季期间,根据气候和进水水质条件调节分段进水比和气水比,示范工程共计运行了3 种工况。研究结果表明：SBCOP示范工程对COD和NH⁺₄ - N 具有较好的去除效果,平均去除率为37.7%和32.9%,1∶1∶1的分段进水比利于去除COD 和NH⁺₄ - N,NH⁺₄ - N去除率随进水NH⁺₄ - N浓度升高而降低;受到低温、低碳源、高进水DO浓度和生物膜生长不佳等因素影响,TN 去除效果较差,平均去除率为10.5%;TP的平均去除率为13.7%,由于示范工程未设排泥设施,TP的去除主要依靠底泥吸附和水绵吸收来实现,及时清除底泥和死亡的水绵利于去除TP 。进水为滇池湖水时,气水比为2∶1可以维持一定的去除效果。     

玄武岩纤维-周丛生物膜-连续流反应器的污水深度净化性能研究

污水处理厂排水中氮、磷等营养盐浓度仍高于地表水,可能导致受纳水体富营养化,需要对其深度净化.周丛生物膜因其在脱氮除磷方面的优异性能而引起越来越多的关注.因此,设计了基于玄武岩纤维-周丛生物膜的连续流反应器(BFP-CFR),研究了不同水力停留时间(HRT)下BFP-CFR对污水深度净化的性能.研究结果显示,BFP-CFR的最佳HRT为48 h.该HRT下氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的去除率为79.88%、25.36%和94.83%.经过该反应器处理后,可显著降低污水氮磷污染物浓度.当HRT≥32 h时,氨氮出水浓度可达《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅳ类标准及以上,总磷浓度符合《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅱ类标准及以上.反应器出水水质和净化动力学分析表明,由于BFP反硝化能力弱,本反应器水质净化的限制性污染物为总氮,后续需要在促进反硝化功能以强化脱氮方面开展研究.这为今后将BFP运用于污水处理后排水的深度净化提供了数据支撑,指出了需要技术突破的方向.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that