细长薄壁顶管顶进力分布特征——以拱北隧道为例

摘要：基于理论力学刚体平衡得到的顶管顶推力计算公式忽略了顶进过程中顶管自身变形对顶进力的影响,不适用于细长薄壁顶管顶进力的估算。细长薄壁钢管截面刚度小,顶管变形影响管-土接触范围的法向应力分布,进而影响顶管的侧摩阻力和顶进力。通过建立细长薄壁顶管顶进力估算的位移控制有限单元分析模型,得到考虑顶管形变、接触范围、接触面侧摩擦系数、接触面法向应力的顶进力拟合公式。并且得到不同条件下的顶进力与顶进距离的函数关系。基于位移控制有限单元分析模型的顶管顶进力估算精度高,在细长薄壁顶管顶进力估算过程中更有优势。     

竹叶青蛇腹鳞的超微结构及减阻机理

用原子力显微镜观察了竹叶青蛇腹鳞表面的超微结构;在微观多功能摩擦磨损实验机上,对腹鳞．不锈铜球摩擦副进行了摩擦试验;分析了腹鳞的减阻机理．试验结果表明：竹叶青蛇腹鳞的超微结构由三角形微凸体、微孔和凹坑周期排列而成;腹鳞表面的平均摩擦因数为0．183,且与载荷无关;腹鳞的摩擦阻力主要是粘着力和微凸体变形的滞后阻力．腹鳞的减阻机理是：微凸体减少了腹鳞的实际接触面积,从而降低了粘着力;微孔和凹坑分泌、存储的极性润滑液以及腹鳞表面的疏水性可以减小水的粘附力．     

沈阳砂土地层含翼缘钢顶管摩阻力计算方法

基于Staheli的圆形顶管拱顶竖向土压力计算方法,推导出含翼缘异形钢顶管的拱顶竖向土压力计算方法.通过室内改进的直剪试验,得到了钢顶管与沈阳砂土、砂浆混合液与存泥浆之间的摩擦系数.通过现场监测,得到了含翼缘异形钢顶管顶力、摩阻力随顶程的变化规律.综合以上拱顶竖向土压力的理论推导与管土摩擦系数的室内试验,提出了含翼缘异形钢顶管摩阻力理论计算方法,将该方法的计算结果和现场观测数据进行了对比,得到较好的一致性,验证了所提方法的可行性.     

基于分形理论的多片盘式湿式制动器摩擦模型

为了提高和改善多片盘式湿式制动器在工作时的性能,针对制动器在制动过程中的摩擦特性,分析摩擦副间微凸体的实际和名义接触面积、分形维数、轮廓幅值尺度因数对黏着摩擦系数和摩擦力的影响规律,计算摩擦副接触面微凸体间的分子切向力和其弹-塑性区域的法向载荷,确定弹性与塑性接触区域的临界接触斑点面积,提出基于分形理论的多片盘式湿式制动器摩擦模型.通过研究得到:考虑微凸体间微粒相互作用时摩擦系数和摩擦力的μA~A*t和F~A*t曲线;基于分形理论的摩擦模型用分形维数对摩擦副间微凸体的无标度性进行了定义,得到的摩擦力理论曲线与试验基本相符.     

端承桩与摩擦桩负摩阻力性状对比试验研究

通过对普通砂中桩竖向静载的模型试验,分析了在相同桩顶静载作用下桩的沉降稳定后,当地下水位下降时,端承桩与摩擦桩桩侧负摩阻力的变化规律。实验结果表明,在地下水位下降时,端承桩与摩擦桩桩侧负摩阻力的变化具有明显的差异。随着地下水位的下降,端承桩最先出现负摩阻力,负摩阻力引起的下拽力也随地下水位的下降而增大,中性点位置较低,桩顶沉降较小;摩擦桩而后出现负摩阻力,负摩阻力引起的下拽力随地下水位下降而减少,中性点的位置也随着地下水位的下降而上升,桩顶沉降较大。这对桩基负摩阻力性状的研究具有较大的意义。     

水平布置的先行顶管对后续顶管顶推力的影响分析

以北京新机场线顶管工程为依托,针对水平布置的先行顶管对后续顶管顶推力的影响开展了现场试验和数值模拟研究,并对先行顶管的位置和数量进行了参数影响分析.研究结果表明,先行顶管对后续顶管侧摩阻力存在放大效应,增大顶管间距将导致该放大效应非线性减小.先行顶管的位置和数量对后续顶管侧摩阻力存在重要影响.在顶管间距为1.1倍钢管直径的情况下,当先行顶管位于后续顶管一侧时,侧摩阻力最大增长率为28.5％;当先行顶管位于后续顶管两侧时,侧摩阻力最大增长率达到41.9％.基于此提出了水平顶管施工中的顶推力群管效应理论,为大体量顶管顶推力的设计提供依据.     

深埋曲线钢顶管接触压力现场监测试验分析

为了研究深埋条件下曲线钢顶管接触压力分布和变化规律,以拱北隧道曲线顶管管幕工程为背景,通过对曲线顶管施工现场监测的接触压力进行分析.结果表明:顶进力随顶进距离的增加基本呈线性增长,且中粗砂地层单位面积摩阻力大于砂质黏性土地层;接触压力顶进时发生波动并增大,顶进停止后逐渐趋于平稳,在浮力和顶进力侧向分力作用下,管道顶部和底部的接触压力数值较为接近,且顶部接触压力略大于底部压力,水平位置管道弯曲内侧接触压力小于弯曲外侧;附加接触压力随着掘进面与监测断面距离减小而增加,机头穿过监测断面后,已顶管道水平位置附加接触压力减小,而顶部接触压力由于土拱效应反而持续增长.     

基于摩擦滑动的低应力区岩石变形记忆性机理

采用砂岩试样进行岩石记忆性物理实验,描述岩石变形记忆性的基本特征.在物理实验及力学基本原理的基础上,提出在低于微裂纹初始应力以下应力区,变形记忆性的机理为微裂纹和颗粒接触面的摩擦滑动.基于此机理,构建包含Hook体和圣韦南体的基本单元模型,用来模拟单微裂纹或颗粒接触面上的摩擦滑动,对基本单元进行分析.将基本单元组合构建含多接触面的理论模型,对含大量微裂纹及颗粒的岩石进行模拟.研究结果表明:岩石变形记忆性存在于低应力区域;力学模型中的应变差曲线特性与实验曲线特性相吻合,可产生变形记忆性,南此证明微裂纹及颗粒接触面的摩擦滑动可以产生岩石变形记忆性.     

氯化胆碱作为润滑剂研究

研究了氯化胆碱在钢-钢摩擦副表面上不同速度不同载荷条件下的润滑特性.在利痕试验机和销盘式摩擦磨损试验机上测定不同速度不同载荷条件下的摩擦系数,分析其润滑特性;通过测试摩擦副表面粗糙度、润滑剂吸附力,研究其润滑机理;结果表明,用氯化胆碱作为润滑剂,钢-钢摩擦副之间能出现低的摩擦系数,但在摩擦一段时间之后,润滑剂会失去,摩...     

岩石地层中顶管顶力计算方法研究

顶管施工常见于市政地下管线建设工程,相应的顶力计算模型已经发展成熟并成功运用于实际工程,然而,目前国内外对岩石地层中的顶力计算研究较少,为此,针对福建平潭引水工程中某曲线顶管穿越硬质岩层,考虑掘进后隧洞的稳定性,分别从管岩接触与管浆接触这2种接触方式计算管侧摩阻力,同时采用Hertz与Persson这2种弹性接触理论推导施工状态下钢管与岩层之间的接触角度。此外,考虑管节中轴线以下与沉渣带发生局部接触,在顶进过程中沉渣带分布沿管线呈概率分布,提出一种适用于此类接触条件下的顶力计算模型。研究结果表明：在理想状态下,钢管在顶进过程中与周围岩层之间接触角度在0.57°～1.15°范围内,可认为管岩之间处于点或线接触状态;与沉渣带接触时,当沉渣带分布沿管线占比为0.5～1.0时,实测顶力曲线基本被包络在管渣接触曲线的上下限之间,证明所提出顶力计算模型是有效的,可为相关工程研究提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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