凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951抑菌特性研究

以凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951为研究对象,通过牛津杯法和气质联用(GC-MS),研究了凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951发酵液抑菌特性。研究结果表明:凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951具有广谱抑菌特性,其对志贺氏菌具有最强的抑菌效果。抑菌物质在-20～100℃具有良好的稳定性,当pH5时抑菌活性良好。在胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶作用下,抑菌活性下降约50%。凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951发酵上清液中含丙酮酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸等有机酸。其中,富马酸最小抑菌质量浓度为0.25 mg/mL,抑菌效果最好;柠檬酸最小抑菌质量浓度为2 mg/mL,抑菌效果最弱。相对分子质量越小的有机酸其抑菌活性越强。     

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌3A3-15生防和促生机制

为揭示贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)3A3-15生防和促生作用相关机理,采用9对特异性引物对其抑菌基因和促生长基因进行PCR检测,并分别通过Sackowski法、Schwyn和Neiland法检测其分泌吲哚乙酸(IAA)和嗜铁素能力,通过高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS)分析其发酵液抑菌成分,采用平板对峙实验和孢子萌发抑制实验分析该菌株的抑菌机理.结果表明,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌3A3-15中的抑菌基因包括yndJ、srfAB、ituC、bamC和fenD,促生长基因包括ysnE和dhbC.该菌株分泌嗜铁素能力较强,A_s/A_r值达到0.238,鉴定其抑菌物质为C14～C15 surfactinA,且贝莱斯芽孢杆菌3A3-15的次生代谢物能导致病原菌(尖孢镰刀菌)菌丝扭曲、膨大、畸形,对其孢子萌发抑制作用较强,抑制率达93.2%.以上结果说明贝莱斯芽孢杆菌3A3-15具有较好的生防和促生潜力,是防治尖孢镰刀菌引起的大豆根腐病的潜在菌株.     

拮抗马铃薯干腐病病原菌活性菌株的筛选及鉴定

为寻找对马铃薯干腐病病原菌具有抑菌活性的菌株,本研究以4株马铃薯干腐病病原菌为靶标菌,采用平板对峙法分别测定了18株分离自青稞白酒糟醅菌株的抑菌活性。运用生理生化特征及分子生物学方法对活性菌株进行鉴定。结果表明:(1)筛选到活性菌株JZ1-4-10和JZ1-1-9,均对4株马铃薯干腐病病原菌有不同程度抑菌活性,且均对马铃薯干腐病病原菌青9A-2-6抑菌活性较高,抑制率分别为74. 12%和69. 22%。(2)经生理生化及分子生物学鉴定,确定菌株JZ1-4-10为暹罗芽孢杆菌(Bacillus siamensis),菌株JZ1-1-9为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)。本试验研究表明菌株JZ1-4-10和JZ1-1-9对马铃薯干腐病具有较好的抑菌活性,有望开发为马铃薯新型微生物抑菌剂。     

一株产细菌素物质芽孢杆菌的筛选和鉴定

从石油污染的土壤中筛选出一株能产生细菌素类物质的芽孢杆菌,命名为SLY—3。该菌株分泌的活性物质抑菌活性好,对细菌主要是革兰氏阳性菌、霉菌都有抑制作用。从表型、生理生化反应及16S rDNA序列比对方面进行分析,最终确定菌株SLY—3为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。培养基初始pH为7.0,28℃振荡培养24 h后,发酵产物抑菌活性最高。     

1株产细菌素乳杆菌的鉴定及其所产抑菌物质的特性

从分离自内蒙古传统乳制品的67株乳杆菌中筛选得到1株产细菌素的乳杆菌KLDS 1.0355。通过API 50生化反应实验和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,鉴定该菌株为短乳杆菌。应用琼脂扩散法研究了KLDS 1.0355无细胞发酵上清液的部分特性,KLDS 1.0355的无细胞发酵上清液对热（121℃,30min）和pH值（pH 2.0～10.0）稳定,可被多种蛋白酶如胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、α-糜蛋白酶和蛋白酶K失活,不能被过氧化氢酶失活,说明该抑菌物质为1种蛋白质。进一步证明了该抑菌物质的作用方式是杀菌,且抑菌谱广,可抑制多种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌。     

产类细菌素的乳酸菌的筛选及其抑菌特性研究

从青藏高原传统牦牛酸奶中筛选出一株乳酸菌,排除酸和过氧化氢的干扰后,对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureu)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)有明显的抑制作用.经形态学、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列同源性分析等手段鉴定该菌株为乳明串珠菌(Leuconostoc lactis).用蛋白酶处理该菌株的发酵上清液后, 抑菌活性丧失; 发酵上清液具有较好的热稳定性(经121 ℃处理20 min仍有较强抑菌活性)和pH稳定性 (在pH 3.0～10.0之间保持活性), 因此初步认为该菌株产生的抑菌物质属于类细菌素.研究发现该菌株在培养8 h后出现抑菌活性,在20 h时抑菌活性达到最大并一直到发酵结束.     

一株具有广谱抑菌活性的兵马俑芽孢杆菌HS-15的筛选及其抑菌活性研究

采用高浓度土壤菌悬液涂平板法筛选出45株具有抑菌活性的菌株;以其中一株具有较强抑菌活性的菌株为研究对象,通过细胞形态特征、生理生化实验及16S rDNA序列分析等方法,将其鉴定为兵马俑芽孢杆菌,并命名为Bacillus bingmayongensis HS-15;分别用点植法和平板对峙法检测HS-15对细菌和真菌的抑菌活性,结果发现,该菌株对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌和真菌都有较强的抑制作用,是一株广谱微生物拮抗菌;发酵条件优化结果表明,28 ℃发酵20 h时,发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性最强;经透析袋处理,抑菌活性没有变化,而胰蛋白酶和蛋白酶K处理后,抑菌活性丧失,初步推测抑菌物质为蛋白质类.本研究丰富了产抑菌活性物质微生物菌种资源库,为天然防腐剂的开发提供理论基础.     

以食品级原料进行植物乳杆菌发酵及其抗真菌活性的研究

用食品级的大豆蛋白培养基代替MRS培养基进行植物乳杆菌发酵,并对其抗真菌活性进行研究,以期获得安全性较高的食品防腐剂.实验结果表明,植物乳杆菌IMAU10014发酵大豆蛋白培养基后的上清液对娄地青霉具有较高的抑菌活性.为了进一步提高植物乳杆菌IMAU10014发酵液抗真菌活性,对不同碳源、氮源、pH和温度进行单因素研究,并通过L9(34)正交实验优化得到最佳培养基组合及培养条件:葡萄糖20,g/L、大豆蛋白5,g/L、pH 6.5、温度37,℃植物乳杆菌IMAU10014发酵48,h时抑菌效果最佳.对抑菌物质的理化性质分析结果表明:植物乳杆菌IMAU10014发酵浓缩上清液的抑菌活性对温度的变化不敏感;抑菌活性随着pH的升高而降低,经过蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶处理后抑菌活性有所降低.     

抗木材变色高效菌株B26-10的诱变选育

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B26分离自白桦林地土壤,对多种变色菌具有抑制效果。经紫外诱变,筛选得到1株抑菌活性更强的突变菌株B26-10。与菌株B26相比,突变菌株B26-10显著提高了对引起木材变色的绿色木霉7258、甘薯长喙壳8430和交链孢5173的抑菌效果,提高幅度分别为60 ％、46 ％和25 ％。菌株B26-10经传代10次后,抑菌效果稳定。对突变菌株B26-10的上清液、发酵液及高温处理后的发酵液进行抑菌活性测定,结果表明,发酵液的抑菌活性略大于上清液抑菌活性,发酵液经高温处理后无抑菌活性。菌株B26-10的抑菌作用可能与其具有抑菌活性的代谢产物有关,代谢产物可能为蛋白类物质。在白桦木片被变色菌侵染之前,利用菌株B26-10对木片进行生防处理,可以有效地控制白桦变色。     

环境中抑菌微生物YZ-02的分离鉴定及抑菌机理研究

目的:研究抑菌微生物YZ-02的生长及其抑菌机理.方法:以实验室发现的一株对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用的菌株YZ-02为研究对象,对其形态特征、生长特性、耐药性、抑菌性等进行研究,利用16S rDNA对其进行测序,测定了其基因组框架图,并探究了其抑菌机制.结果:该菌隶属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等多种常见细菌,对抗生素的耐药性不强,基因组中存在多种芽孢杆菌特有的细菌素基因hag,ituA,tasA等,实时荧光定量RT-PCR分析表明这些细菌素基因在YZ-02菌株抗菌时的表达显著上调.结论:隶属于芽孢杆菌属的YZ-02菌株可抑制多种常见细菌生长,可能是hag基因和ituA基因等细菌素单个或联合作用的结果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to