浐河流域地表水水化学特征

为探究西安地区主要流域地表水水化学特征及其成因,以浐河流域为研究对象,利用Piper三角图、Gibbs图、相关性对其水化学离子组分特征及来源进行分析,以期对浐河流域的水资源利用与管理提供科学依据.结果表明：浐河流域地表水主控阳离子为Ca²⁺,均值在86.63 mg·L^-1,主控阴离子为HCO₃^-,占总阴离子含量的70%左右.浐河流域水化学类型为Ca²⁺-HCO₃^-型,水化学组分的形成主要受岩石风化的影响.离子组分中,Na⁺与Cl^-不完全来源于盐岩溶解,还有其他来源输入;Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、HCO₃^-来源于碳酸盐的溶解.     

鱼粉加工废气中污染物成分分析与三甲胺含量测定

鱼粉加工过程产生难闻废气,污染环境。采用加热蒸馏法模拟鱼粉加工产生废气,通过气相色谱-质谱法分析其成分,检测出24种有机物,其中含氮、含硫等9种有机物含量较高;应用三甲胺标准气体建立了气相色谱法检测三甲胺工作曲线,3次检测结果为:鱼溶浆蒸馏废气中三甲胺含量范围为6 279.41～8 981.59 mg/m³,平均含量为7 588.22 mg/m³。     

上海市亚微米颗粒物中水溶性含氮组分的分布特征

细颗粒态无机和有机含氮组分的形成、转化、传输和沉降在大气氮循环中发挥重要作用.为了解上海亚微米颗粒物(PM₁)中含氮物质的质量浓度、组成及季节变化特征,使用大流量采样器采集了2017—2018年66个PM₁样品,并应用离子色谱仪和紫外/可见光光度计分析了水溶性无机离子和水溶性有机氮(water-soluble organic nitrogen,WSON)的质量浓度.结果表明:上海PM₁中NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、WSON的年平均质量浓度分别为1.79、0.97、0.41μg/m³;NH₄⁺-N对水溶性总氮(water-soluble total nitrogen,WSTN)的贡献最高(56%),NO₃^--N次之(31%),WSON为13%.上海PM₁中含氮组分的质量浓度存在冬季最高、夏季最低的季节变化趋...     

不同C/N对活性炭颗粒填料厌氧同步消化反硝化的影响

构建以粒径3~6 mm活性炭颗粒为填料的厌氧污水处理系统,厌氧消化菌和反硝化菌在活性炭颗粒表面附着成膜,考察不同C/N对厌氧同步消化反硝化的影响。以葡萄糖为有机碳源,进水中葡萄糖质量浓度分别为300 mg·L^-1和400 mg·L^-1时,较高C/N对NO^-₃-N去除有利,最高去除率为95.21 %;较低C/N对COD和NH⁺₄-N的去除有利,最高去除率分别达到96.00 %和42.43 %以上。研究表明,以活性炭颗粒为填料的厌氧高效处理废水技术是可行的,不同C/N对厌氧同步消化反硝化处理含氮和有机物废水具有较明显的影响。     

广州地区大气可吸入颗粒物的化学特征及来源解析

在广州市区及其附近地区设立了7个采样站点采集大气可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)样品,分析了17种元素（Na,Mg,Al,K,Ca,Ti,V,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se ,C d,Ba和Pb）,5种离子（SO_４^2-,NO_３^-,F^-,Cl^-和NH₄⁺）以 及元素碳（EC）和有机碳（OC ）的含量,讨论了PM₁₀的化学组分特征以及气象条件对主要污染物的影响,并在此基 础上应 用主因子分析法对PM_10的主要来源进行解析。研究期间广州地区大气PM_10平均 浓度为125.8μg/m³,各地PM₁₀最主要的化学组分为有机物、SO_４^2-和地壳元素组分,分别占PM_10质量浓度的24%～32%,17%～21%和10%～12%。通过 主因子分析法确定广州地区PMPM₁₀的主要污染源 是地面扬尘、燃油排放、冶金化工及电子加工排放、燃煤、二次转化和生物质燃烧,其方差 贡献率分别为20.7%,17.8%,16.3%,14.3%,10.4%和6.3%。     

西安市秋季大气颗粒物散射特征及其影响因素

 为研究污染条件下西安市秋季大气颗粒物的散射特征及其影响因素, 于2012 年11 月监测大气颗粒物散射系数并采集PM_2.5样品。探讨了大气颗粒物的散射日变化特征, 通过实验分析PM_2.5中水溶性离子(Na⁺、NH₄⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、F^-、Cl^-、NO₃^-和SO₄^2-)和含碳物质(有机碳和元素碳)的污染水平, 并讨论它们的来源及对散射系数的影响。结果表明, 颗粒物的散射系数均值为(579±387)Mm^-1, 夜间高日间低。PM_2.5质量浓度与散射系数呈现出较强的线性关系(相关系数为0.85), 通过回归方程得到PM_2.5散射效率为3.09 m²·g^-1。在PM_2.5化学组分中, 有机物对消光系数的贡献最大, 占52.3%;其次是NH₄NO₃和(NH₄)₂SO₄, 贡献率分别为16.2%和13.7%。     

油页岩半焦基矿物/生物炭复合材料制备及其吸附性能研究

基于油页岩半焦中富含的矿物质和有机质,以KOH为活化剂,联用机械力化学和热解炭化窑街油页岩半焦制备油页岩半焦基矿物/生物炭复合材料,考察了矿物/生物炭复合材料对水溶液中Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附效果.结果表明,制得的复合材料对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺具有优异的吸附性能,最大吸附量分别为177.83和67.48mg^·g^-1,分别是原油页岩半焦的6.1倍和4.3倍.吸附动力学和热力学拟合数据显示,复合材料对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附属于化学吸附主导的单层吸附,主要吸附机理涉及官能团吸附、²⁺_Pb-π和Cd²⁺-π相互作用、静电吸附和矿物沉淀.该研究为从环境矿物材料角度探究油页岩半焦全组分综合利用提供了可行途径.     

胞外聚合物对Pb2+和Cd2+吸附行为研究

利用改良离心法从好氧颗粒污泥中提取胞外聚合物(EPS), 并研究其对重金属废水中Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附行为。结果表明, EPS对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺具有很强的吸附能力, 吸附行为符合Langmuir等温式, 拟合得到的最大吸附量分别可达534.76 和478.47 mg/g。Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺在EPS上存在竞争吸附, EPS对Pb²⁺的吸附选择性更强。Cd²⁺对EPS吸附Pb²⁺有一定的抑制作用, 但Pb²⁺的存在对EPS吸附Cd²⁺具有显著的抑制作用。傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和三维荧光光谱(EEM)测定表明, 实验提取的EPS含有大量疏水和亲水性基团, 因此可通过络合作用、离子交换、螯合等多种作用与重金属发生强结合。对重金属起主要吸附作用的是存在于EPS蛋白质组分中的?COOH, ?NH2, ?CH2?, ?OH及?C=O官能团。研究表明, EPS吸附Pb²⁺的主要机理为离子交换和络合作用, 而对Cd²⁺的吸附则主要通过络合作用完成。     

多价金属离子对有机硼胍胶压裂液的影响及对策

针对新疆油田环玛湖地区浅层地下水、稠油热采水、压裂返排液中存在多价金属离子（Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺）,影响其配制的胍胶压裂液性能。通过模拟不同种类和浓度多价金属离子水溶液,分析多价金属离子对有机硼胍胶压裂液溶胀、交联及耐温耐剪切性能的影响规律,研究了NSA、EDTA、CA,3种络合剂对多价金属离子的屏蔽效果。研究表明,多价金属离子对有机硼胍胶压裂液影响程度依次为Fe²⁺ > Fe³⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺;3种络合剂对Mg²⁺屏蔽能力为CA>NSA>EDTA,对Ca²⁺屏蔽能力为NSA > EDTA > CA,对Fe³⁺屏蔽能力为EDTA > NSA。为不同水质配制有机硼胍胶压裂液选择络合剂提供了依据。     

火山渣负载土著氮细菌净化氨氮污染地下水特性

基于氨氮（NH⁺₄-N）污染地下水内在生态恢复机制, 利用生态安全型天然矿物材料火山渣负载地下水中土著氮细菌进行NH⁺₄-N污染地下水净化特性研究. 结果表明：火山渣负载土著氮细菌生物量约为2.12×10⁷ 个/g; 负载材料在去除地下水中NH⁺₄-N时,可有效去除水化学因子,NH⁺₄-N去除率为83.39%~98.84%,水化学因子去除能力从大到小依次为Fe²⁺,HCO^-₃,Ca²⁺,Mn²⁺,CO^2-₃,SO^2-₄,S^2-,Mg²⁺,其中Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺,S^2-,SO^2-₄一定程度上促进NH⁺₄-N净化; CO^2-₃,HCO^-₃,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺抑制NH⁺₄-N净化; 负载材料的微观结构在净化后表面变平滑, 细小突起被覆盖. 研究结果为氮污染地下水内在生态调控修复技术研发提供了实验依据.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that