天然气水合物在喷雾装置中的制备

采用雾流强化实验装置对天然气水合物的合成进行实验研究,发现该方法能增加气-水接触面积、强化传热传质以及加速水合物生成.实验数据验证了反应压力与系统过冷度是水合物快速形成的重要影响因素.当反应温度一定时,初始压力越大,反应压降速率越大;过冷度越大,对应的压降速率越大.     

温度梯度对非饱和粗砂中甲烷水合物形成过程的影响

采用0.18,0.11,0.07,0.02,0和-0.02℃/cm这6种温度梯度进行水合物的形成实验。利用电阻率方法,研究温度梯度对水合物的成核和生长、粗砂中水合物饱和度以及水合物分布状况的影响。实验结果表明:温度梯度对粗砂中水合物的形成过程具有非常明显的影响。随着温度梯度的增大,成核时间缩短,反应所需过冷度先增大随后保持稳定,过冷度同时受粗砂含水量的影响。形成速率随温度梯度先增加后减小,在0.11℃/cm时,形成速率最大。在温度梯度为0.07℃/cm时,粗砂中水合物分布最均匀;当温度梯度高于或者低于0.07℃/cm时,粗砂中水合物将在不同的区域发生富集。粗砂中水合物的饱和度随温度梯度的增大逐渐增大,当温度梯度到0.11℃/cm时,甲烷水合物的饱和度达到最大。     

CO_2水合物生成的影响因素研究

在体积350 m L的恒容反应釜中研究了CO2水合物的生成过程,实验考察了搅拌速率、温度和压力等因素对CO2水合物生成过程的影响。实验结果表明,相对静止条件下机械搅拌可以通过促进传质传热,加速CO2水合物生成过程。随着搅拌速率的增大,CO2水合物的平均生长速率从0.283 mmol/min增大到1.132 mmol/min,且搅拌速率为800 rpm时实验条件下的水合物的诱导期最短;不同实验温度(273.65 K,274.15 K,275.15 K,276.15 K)下,CO2水合物生成过程中的溶解速率、诱导期及反应速率变化不大,即受温度影响不明显;CO2水合物的生长受压力影响明显,增压可显著缩短诱导期、加快反应速率。水合物生长过程主要受客体分子浓度的影响,是动力学控制过程。3 MPa时CO2水合物的平均生长速率高达1.1 mmol/min,是2 MPa时的5倍。     

CO2水合物喷雾合成的生长特性实验研究

利用自行设计的可视化喷雾强化水合物制备实验系统,分析和比较了不同初始温度和初始压力条件下,喷雾合成CO2水合物的耗气量和反应釜内温度的变化,研究其生长特性.实验结果表明,初始压力越高,或者初始温度越低,那么诱导时间越短,单位时间内CO2耗气量越多,水合物生成速率越快.同时,通过对水合物生长过程的摄像在线观察,发现CO2水合物在接触界面紧贴反应釜壁面的两相接触处最先诱导成核并迅速扩展,生成水合物后,随着反应进行,吉布斯自由能差增大,水合物颗粒由圆滑状向数枝状变化.     

天然气水合物间壁热采实验研究

利用温度震荡法合成高质量水合物,开展不同间壁换热温度的定容分解开采天然气水合物实验,研究热采过程中产气量和天然气水合物体系导入热量的变化规律,提出纯能量效率概念,同时结合传热学理论,实现了纯能量效率的计算。结果表明:天然气水合物间壁换热开采的纯能量效率介于10～40,间壁温度30℃时的纯能量效率最高,间壁温度增大,整个间壁热采过程的纯能量效率和单位时间的纯能量效率逐渐降低。在天然气水合物间壁热采时,应尽量控制热量的沿程热损失和外逸热损失,使用较低的间壁温度,能够取得较好的水合物开采效益。     

塔里木盆地顺北地区中下奥陶统流体改造与油气充注耦合关系

为明确顺北地区中下奥陶统流体改造与油气充注耦合关系,通过对方解石充填物进行阴极发光、流体包裹体显微镜下观察和油包裹体及其伴生盐水包裹体均一温度测试分析,结合方解石微区原位U-Pb同位素定年开展顺北地区中下奥陶统流体改造期次及序列、油气充注期次和时期及流体改造与油气充注耦合关系研究。结果表明：一间房组和鹰山组上段均经历多期流体改造,形成了具有不同阴极发光特征的多期方解石充填物,两者区别在于鹰山组地层未经历大气水改造;油包裹体荧光显示呈现蓝绿色-蓝白色,指示原油成熟度较高,且一间房组与油包裹体共生的盐水包裹体均一温度分布范围84℃～98℃,平均均一温度92.49℃和113℃～130℃,平均均一温度119.91℃、鹰山组上段均一温度分布范围91.2℃～104℃,平均均一温度96.1℃和112.7℃～128.1℃,平均均一温度119.97℃,表明存在加里东晚期和海西晚期-印支期两期油气充注,主成藏期为海西晚期-印支期。烃类包裹体宿主矿物方解石微区原位U-Pb测试表明,其主要形成于加里东中晚期（466.8±8Ma ～ 470.6±4.5Ma）,揭示油气充注发生在加里东晚期混源流体改造形成的具备红色-橙红色阴极发光特征方解石之后。     

不同驱动力下瓦斯气体水合物的诱导时间分布

为探寻不同驱动力条件影响瓦斯水合物形成诱导时间的分布规律,利用全透明高压反应釜开展多组分瓦斯混合气(CH_4-CO_2-C_3H_8-N_2-O_2)水合成核动力学实验。基于四种不同驱动力下诱导时间实验结果,结合二次多项式,建立不同组分气体诱导时间和驱动力经验关系。研究发现,同一实验体系中瓦斯水合物形成诱导时间随驱动力增大而缩短;不同浓度瓦斯水合物形成诱导时间分布差异较大。基于偏摩尔吉布斯自由能随驱动力变化规律,初步探讨驱动力对多组分瓦斯水合物成核过程影响机理。分析认为:在一定范围内驱动力对瓦斯水合物成核过程具有促进作用.而驱动力过高将抑制水合物晶核的形成。     

单向冻结条件下根河黏土水热特征试验研究

为研究内蒙古东北根河地区地基土体的水热特征,对根河饱和黏土在-5℃、-10℃和-15℃三种环境负温下开展了单向冻结试验,得到试样在不同深度处的温度分布规律和变化过程及冻结前后试样中的水分变化规律.结果表明:单向冻结过程中土体的平均降温速率随深度的增加线性减小,且环境温度越高降温速率越慢;冻结过程中过冷现象的出现与降温速...     

升温和降温过程中混凝土梁内温度场的试验研究

为研究升温和降温过程中混凝土梁不同位置处的升温、降温速率及温度场的分布规律,通过8根混凝土梁在高温炉中的加热和冷却试验,测定了4种温度工况（400、600、700、800℃）下混凝土梁内不同位置处温度随时间的变化规律。通过试验数据的分析,得到了加热和冷却过程中混凝土梁内不同位置处升温、降温速率的特点及温度场的变化规律,为混凝土高温或火灾试验中确定合理的加热时间提供了参考依据。     

热处理对橄榄石型磷酸铁锂电化学性能的影响

以FeSO4.7H2O和NH4H2PO4为原料,H2O2为氧化剂,通过液相沉淀法制备前驱体FePO4,然后通过碳热还原法合成LiFePO4;研究降温速度对产物晶型结构、形貌以及电化学性能的影响。从LiFePO4的扫描照片可以看出,随着降温速度的变慢,样品的粒径逐渐增大。电化学性能研究表明:降温速度不宜过大或过小,最适宜的降温速度为2℃/min。该条件下合成的材料以0.1C倍率充放电时其首次放电容量为153 mA.h/g,以1C倍率充放电时其首次放电容量达136 mA.h/g,且循环性能好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has