羊毛纤维的形态弱节及特征

对羊毛纤维弱节的几何形态特征，采用SEM观察进行了分类定义和表征。实际观察发现羊毛的弱节有纤维细颈和形态结构缺陷二类，其中形态结构缺陷主要是天然生长和人为加工中的畸变点和损伤点。弱节的几何长度为纤维直径的2－4倍，且弱节越多，纤维直径离散越大。同时分析了羊毛形态弱节的主要成因。     

羊毛纤维的结构弱节及力学行为

纤维结构弱节决定纤维的力学性能。本文提出的断裂端特征的SEM观察及该纤维对应拉伸性质的组合分析方法，可获得羊毛纤维结构弱节及破坏的特征与证据。实验证明，依据拉伸曲线和断裂端形貌特征可知羊毛纤维的弱节结构主要表现为集中缺陷结构、细颈弱结构、机械损伤弱结构和散布缺陷结构，其与力学行为和形态弱节存在很好的相关。缺陷散布性弱节结构，应该引入曲线的抖动特征或临界断裂功判定依据。     

纤维弱节的力学特征与判定

纤维弱节是造成纤维力学性能退化和纤维品质下降的主要原因。这里采用单纤维拉伸和形态轮廓观察结合的方法，对羊电纤维弱节的力学行为进行表征。提出了用纤维细节处的平均断裂应力σ^-和断裂应变ε^-，作为纤维弱节的判断的依据。并对羊电的细节断裂、弱节断裂，非弱节(正常)断裂的概率作了实到和理论计算，其结果分别为印％、奶％和印％。这征明作者采用的单纤维性能分析仪(SIFAN)法和显微图像加单纤维强力仪(OM XQ)法的实用性与有效性。     

羊毛纤维细度弱节点与纤维断裂位置

用Ｓｉｒｏｌａｎ－Ｌａｓｅｒｓｃａｎ激光细度测试仪和ＡＴＬＡＳ长度与强度测试仪测试２３种澳大利亚西部美利奴羊套毛，分析毛纤维细度沿长度方向的分布及与长度、强度等指标的关系，结果显示毛纤维弱节点与纤维拉伸断裂位置存在明显的线性关系．     

EKS纤维与腈纶纤维的结构及性能对比研究

EKS纤维是一种具有显著吸湿发热性能的亚丙烯酸盐系纤维。对比了EKS纤维和腈纶纤维的表面形态，测试与分析了两种纤维的力学性能、摩擦性能、比电阻、卷曲性能、吸放湿性能及吸湿发热性能。结果表明，相比于腈纶纤维，EKS纤维横截面为圆形，纵向结构粗糙，具有断裂强度、摩擦系数、比电阻和卷曲率小，线密度、断裂伸长率和回潮率大等特点。EKS纤维的吸、放湿速率随时间呈指数形式衰减，纤维的初始吸、放湿速率分别为0.39%min^-1、8.94%min^-1,达到吸、放湿平衡所用时间比腈纶纤维长。EKS纤维具有较好的吸湿发热性，吸湿发热最高升温值为8.2℃,比腈纶纤维高4.7℃。     

纤维增强脆性基复合材料的力学性能和破裂过程研究

研究了弱界面长纤维增强脆性基复合材料在单轴拉伸荷载下的力学性能及其破裂机理和破坏过程。采用基于细观损伤力学基础上开发的针对材料破坏过程分析的MFPA2D数值模拟程序,考虑材料物理力学参数在细观尺度上的非均匀性,对复合材料的变形、损伤直至失稳破坏的全过程进行数值模拟。结果表明当脆性基体复合纤维后,复合材料的强度、刚度都随之提高,并随纤维的增加而增加;复合材料的韧性也大为增强,可观察到界面脱粘、裂纹偏折、纤维桥联和拔出等现象,并得到相应的声发射模拟结果。     

PCT纤维耐酸特性试验研究

针对酸溶液处理对聚对苯二甲酸1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯(PCT)纤维的影响，使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、单纤维强力机、同步热分析仪(STA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等对硫酸和硝酸处理前后PCT纤维的表面形貌、力学性能、老化反应活化能、红外光谱进行了测试和分析.结果表明：酸液浸泡处理会造成PCT纤维发生收缩，导致纤维表面腐蚀出现凹痕和裂纹；水分子进入纤维大分子间隙造成断裂强力和断裂伸长率同步下降；PCT纤维的断裂强力随酸质量分数的增加、处理时间的延长和处理温度的提高而降低；除非处于质量分数和温度较低的情况下，PCT纤维的耐硫酸能力好于硝酸；PCT纤维耐硫酸性能弱于聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纤维，好于聚酰亚胺(PI)、芳纶1313纤维；酸溶液处理造成PCT纤维老化反应活化能降低，分子稳定性下降.     

纤维混凝土的分类研究

纤维混凝土以其良好的特性而在工程界得到了广泛的应用，本文对纤维混凝土进行了分类叙述，介绍了各种纤维混凝土的增强性能、增强机理、特点和应用范围。     

永磁电机的弱磁性能与电机参数的关系

以电流圆模式的弱磁控制为基础,分析了影响永磁电机弱磁控制区最大输出功率的因素。同时对其中的两个主要因素凸极率ρ、弱磁率ξ做了详尽的分析、推导和仿真。结果表明ξ>1时,存在最大功率的弱磁(即理论转速可以无穷大),并且ρ越大,低速输出功率和转矩性能越好;ξ<1时,低速输出功率和转矩性能随着ρ的变化不大。     

玄武岩纤维加固震损三维混凝土框架节点抗震试验

通过5组三维混凝土框架节点试验,研究玄武岩纤维加固后节点的抗震性能.分别进行了模拟地震的预损伤试验、构件加固和加固后的低周反复试验,探讨不同损伤程度、不同裂缝处理方法对三维框架节点抗震性能的影响.通过对节点的滞回&骨架曲线、延性系数、承载力及刚度退化等参数分析可知:玄武岩纤维加固对提高节点承载力作用有限,但对提高抗震性能效果明显,节点的抗震性能恢复并超过了受损前,加固后节点由弱柱强梁转变成了强柱弱梁的破坏形式,说明该加固方法是合理而有效的.     

导电纤维的回顾与展望

本文综述了导电纤维的发展过程,并就导电纤维的发展方向进行了展望。早在五十年代,就开始了对合成纤维抗静电处理方法的研究,当时产品的性能尚不甚完善。七十年代发展的导电成份复合型导电纤维,是将含导电微粒的高聚物与成纤聚合物一起复合纺丝。所得纤维的性能良好。在进一步研究的基础上,导电成份覆盖型导电纤维也被开发。本文介绍了国内外研究较为深入的三种制备导电成份覆盖型导电纤维的方法。其一是在纤维表面形成聚毗咯层;其二为在纤维表面镀复金属层;其三在纤维表面发生化学反应,形成金属化合物覆盖层。实践中发现上述三种方法制备的导电纤维各有千秋。最后本文对导电纤维的发展方向作了展望,指出结构型的导电聚合物是导电纤维的发展方向。     

Effect of Testing Conditions on Fibre-Bundle Tensile Properties Part Ⅰ: Sample Preparation, Bundle Mass and Fibre Alignment of Wool Bundles

Due to the effects of samples and testing conditions on fibre-bundle tensile behaviour, it is necessary to investigate the relationships between experimental factors and tensile properties for the fibre-bumdle tensile tester (TENSOR). The effects of bundle sample preparation, fibre bundle mass and fibre alignment have been tested. The experimental results indicated that (1) the low damage in combing and no free-end fibres in the cut bundle are most important for the sample preparation; (2) the reasonable bundle mass is 400- 700tex, but the tensile properties measured should bemodified with the bundle mass because a small amount of bundle mass causes the scatter results, while the larger is the bundle mass, the more difficult to comb fibres parallel and to clamp fibre evenly; and (3) the fibre irregular arrangement forms a slack bundle resulting in interaction between fibres, which will affect the reproducibility and accuracy of the tensile testing.     

Effect of Testing Conditions on Fibre-Bundle Tensile Properties Part Ⅰ: Sample Preparation, Bundle Mass and Fibre Alignment of Wool Bundles

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SMA路面中各种纤维应用现状及发展趋势

制造SMA一般都采用纤维作为稳定剂,使用的纤维主要有木质素纤维、矿物纤维、聚合物化学纤维3大类．纤维具有加筋、分散、吸附沥青、稳定、增粘等作用,对防止SMA沥青析漏的功效较好．从施工性能、使用性能、成本等方面阐述了以上3种纤维的应用现状及发展趋势．     

木聚糖酶漂白机理的形态研究

用扫描电镜观察经木聚糖酶处理过的纸浆纤维样品,发现木聚糖酶可使纤维的表面和内部超微结构发生变化。结果表明,产自于黑曲霉的１＃木聚糖酶和产自于里氏木霉的２＃木聚糖酶由于含纤维素酶活较高,故经处理后的纤维结构遭受严重损伤,因此也降低了纤维强度;而产自于荧光假单孢菌的３＃木聚糖酶由于含纤维素酶活较低,故经预处理后可使纤维表面和横断面上产生比较均匀的孔洞和裂隙,既可增加后续漂剂的渗透性,又不影响纤维的强度,是马尾松ＫＰ浆进行生物预处理的较为理想的木聚糖酶。     

Low-loss hollow-core silica/air photonic bandgap fibre

Photonic bandgap structures use the principle of interference to reflect radiation. Reflection from photonic bandgap structures has been demonstrated in one, two and three dimensions and various applications have been proposed. Early work in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibre technology used a hexagonal structure surrounding the air core; this fibre was the first demonstration of light guided inside an air core of a photonic bandgap fibre. The potential benefits of guiding light in air derive from lower Rayleigh scattering, lower nonlinearity and lower transmission loss compared to conventional waveguides. In addition, these fibres offer a new platform for studying nonlinear optics in gases. Owing largely to challenges in fabrication, the early air-core fibres were only available in short lengths, and so systematic studies of loss were not possible. More recently, longer lengths of fibre have become available with reported losses of 1,000 dB km(-1). We report here the fabrication and characterization of long lengths of low attenuation photonic bandgap fibre. Attenuation of less than 30 dB km(-1) over a wide transmission window is observed with minimum loss of 13 dB km(-1) at 1,500 nm, measured on 100 m of fibre. Coupling between surface and core modes of the structure is identified as an important contributor to transmission loss in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibres.     

Why animals have different muscle fibre types

Animals have different muscle fibre types: slow fibres with a low maximum velocity of shortening (Vmax) and fast fibres with a high Vmax. An advantage conferred by the use of different fibre types during locomotion has been proposed solely on the basis of their in vitro properties. Isolated muscle experiments show that force generation, mechanical power production and efficiency are all functions of V/Vmax, where V is the velocity of muscle shortening. But it is not known whether animals actually use the different fibres at shortening velocities that are optimal for mechanical power production and efficiency. Here we compare the V of muscle fibres during locomotion with their Vmax. This comparison shows that during slow locomotion, the slow fibres shorten at a velocity that gives peak mechanical power and efficiency and the fast fibres shorten at their optimal velocity when powering maximal movements. Our results also show that maximal movements are impossible without fast fibres because the slow ones cannot shorten rapidly enough.