北方山溪鲵与隆肛蛙视网膜显微结构的观察比较

为探讨北方山溪鲵和隆肛蛙视网膜结构与生活习性、捕食方式的关系，用光镜观察了这两种动物视网膜的结构，测量各层厚度、3个核层胞核的层数及胞核直径．结果表明，山溪鲵与隆肛蛙视网膜虽然各核层的层数相似，但隆肛蛙的胞核直径明显小于山溪鲵，致使两种动物在3个核层和2个网层的厚度上存在明显差异．从视网膜结构分析其机能，依赖于视觉捕食的隆肛蛙，视网膜具有较高的视敏度；捕食时以嗅觉为主、视觉为辅的山溪鲵，视网膜则具有较高的光敏度．显示了视网膜结构机能与各自的捕食方式的适应性．     

初生扬子鳄嗅球、嗅束的组织学结构研究

本文采用尼氏,Ｈ．Ｅ．及Ｈａｇｑｕｉｓｔ等染色方法对扬子鳄的嗅球,嗅束的显微结构进行了研究,横切面上,嗅球可分为清晰的８层,从外到内,分别是神经纤维层,小球层,外颗粒层,外网状层,僧帽细胞层,内网状层,内颗粒层和室慕支。嗅束的横切面上可见梨状皮质,海马及嗅前核等结构。     

NOS阳性神经元在小鼠嗅球的形态与分布

目的:观察小鼠嗅球各层一氧化氮合酶(Nitric Oxide Synthase,NOS)阳性神经元的形态与分布.方法:采用还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)法显示NOS阳性神经元在小鼠嗅球中的形态与分布.结果:NOS阳性细胞群主要位于嗅球边缘的嗅小球层和中央腔周围的颗粒层;强阳性神经元主要位于嗅球边缘的嗅小球层内;僧帽细胞层偶见深染的NOS阳性僧帽细胞和簇细胞;弱阳性神经元分布于内颗粒细胞层,浅染且形态较小.结论:小鼠嗅球内有NOS阳性神经元的表达,这种明显的分布可能与小鼠嗅觉灵敏有关,僧帽细胞层深染的NOS阳性僧帽细胞可能与小鼠对气味感知能力相关.     

刺猬嗅球一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的分布和形态

用依赖还原型辅酶Ⅱ的黄递酶（NADPH-d）组织化学方法显示NOS阳性神经元在刺猬嗅球的分布和形态,观察野生刺猬嗅球内一氧化氮合酶（NOS）阳性神经元的分布和形态．结果显示：NOS阳性神经元在刺猬嗅球内广泛分布。强阳性神经元主要位于刺猬嗅球边缘的突触小球层,小球周细胞也有NOS强阳性表达;偶见深染的NOS阳性僧帽细胞;内颗粒细胞层有大量浅染且较小的NOS阳性神经元．结论：刺猬是敏嗅动物．其嗅球中的NOS阳性神经元分布状态可能与嗅觉灵敏度相关。     

高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae Hodgson）的脑

本文对高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)脑的大体结构进行了详细描述,并同系统发育地位相隔较近的家兔和鼠类的脑进行了比较.高原鼠兔脑的基本特征是:前脑和小脑较发达,小脑尤为显著;四叠体较短;延髓前部和后部近直角弯曲;菱形窝完全被蚓部覆盖;和嗅觉有联系的结构,如嗅球,嗅叶,海马、纹状体和脑下垂体等发育好,大脑平滑无沟,属平脑型.高原鼠兔脑的形态结构,同家兔者极似,反映出高原鼠兔处于哺乳类中较低级的水平,同时揭示了脑的形态大小与动物的进化水平、生态环境和习性有密切关系.     

龙洞山溪鲵部分器官组织的扫描电镜观察

龙洞山溪鲵胃体、十二指肠及皮肤的扫描电镜观察结果表明:(1)胃粘膜表面分布有许多胃小凹;粘膜上皮细胞大小不等,呈圆形、椭圆形和梭形等形状;细胞表面具短小的微绒毛.(2)十二指肠粘膜上皮向腔端突起,呈半球状;细胞表面具微绒毛结构.(3)皮肤表层下陷,形成近似平行的“埂”和“槽”相间结构;皮肤表层有丰富的粘液腺孔,细胞表面具丰富的微绒毛.     

我国小鲵科几个属分类问题的探讨

对有尾两栖类小鲵科Hynobiidae山溪鲵属Batrachuperus、巴鲵属Liua、小鲵属Hynobius分类研究中的同物异名 ,以及属称的订正方面进行了探讨 ,认为我国山溪鲵属应为 6种 ,巴鲵属是一个有效属称 ,无唇褶山溪鲵Boulengercochranae应为北方山溪鲵BatrachuperusBtibetanus的同物异名 ;义乌小鲵Hynobiusyiwuensis应为中国小鲵H chinensis的同物异名 ,黄斑拟小鲵Pseudohynobiusflavomaculatus可以暂定为秦巴北鲵Ranodontsinoaensis的同物异名 ;黑爪异鲵Xenobiusmelanonychus是否一个新种有待确定     

大鲵脂肪体的观察研究——兼与山溪鲵和蝾螈比较

观察并比较了大鲵、山溪鲵和东方蝾螈储脂器官的大体形态、显微和超微结构.大鲵的脂肪体很小而脂肪小体和皮下脂肪组织发达。而且皮下脂肪的显微结构与其它动物不同;山溪鲵和东方蝾螈的脂肪体发达。而东方蝾螈的皮下脂肪退化.结合进化和行为等方面的资料,认为大鲵脂肪体属于较原始的有尾两栖动物类型;脂肪小体和无尾类尾杆骨末端的脂肪小体同源;东方蝾螈皮下脂肪的退化与其复杂的反捕行为相适应.     

嗅觉神经系统的电位发放

利用描述抑制结构的WLC模型,数值分析嗅觉神经系统各个神经元的电位发放,得到嗅觉神经系统中球周细胞层、嗅球、僧帽细胞层、颗粒细胞层、前嗅核和前梨状皮层内各个神经元的电位发放,模拟了Freeman嗅觉系统各K系列模型的电位发放模式,数值说明僧帽细胞具有丰富的发放形式,神经元之间的具有两种信号传递模式,数值结果和嗅觉实验现象相吻合.     

小鲵科Hynobiidae同物异名及有效种问题的研究

对有属两栖小鲵科Hynobiidae山溪鲵属,巴鲵属,小鲵属分类研究中的同物异名,以及属称和种数订正中的一些分类学问题进行了探讨,无唇褶山溪鲵B. cochranae不是北方山溪鲵Batrachuperus tibetanus的同物异名,巴鲵属是一个有效属称,义乌小鲵Hynobirs yiwuensis应为中国小鲵H.chinensis的同物异名,黄斑拟小鲵Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus可以暂定为秦巴北鲵Ranadon tsinoaensis的同物异名,黑爪异鲵Xenobius melanonychus是滞有效种有待确定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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