转炉冶炼CaO-SiO2-FeO渣系中磷的行为

回归推导出渣系中磷酸盐容量对数与炉渣光学碱度和温度的关系表达式,通过回归公式绘制出CaO-SiO2-FeO(10%MgO)渣系的等磷酸盐容量图,分析了转炉终渣、终点成分及温度对钢中磷含量的影响情况.当熔渣磷酸盐容量一定时,随着转炉终点碳含量降低,渣/钢间磷分配比增加;相同终点碳含量时,随着熔渣磷酸盐容量增加,渣/钢间磷分配比增加;转炉终点碳质量分数控制在0.03%～0.04%,炉渣碱度大于3.5,渣中FeO质量分数低于18%,渣中P2O5质量分数低于2%,有利于获得终点磷质量分数在0.008%以内的钢水.     

低碱度脱磷渣在转炉少渣冶炼中的作用

以SGRS工艺为基础,研究了低碱度脱磷渣在转炉少渣冶炼中的作用.根据少渣冶炼物料平衡原理,脱磷阶段结束炉渣碱度控制越低,相当于转炉回收利用的Ca O量越多,能够实现的钢液去Si量也越多.同时实验结果表明,随着脱磷渣碱度的降低,炉渣的熔化性能逐渐改善,带来脱磷阶段结束转炉倒渣量不断增加以及脱磷渣金属铁含量不断降低的有益效果.当脱磷渣碱度在1.2~1.8范围时,脱磷渣半球点温度基本控制在1 380℃以内,脱磷渣中的游离Ca O质量分数控制在0.7%左右的较低水平,同时转炉脱磷阶段结束转炉倒渣量基本可控制在8 t(210 t转炉)或5 t(100 t转炉)以上.     

CaO-SiO_2 -Al_2 O_3 -MgO精炼渣氮行为

通过回归得到了氮容量CN与温度T和光学碱度Λ的关系公式,并解释了氮进入熔渣的两种机理.通过回归公式绘制了CaO-SiO2-Al2O3(wMgO=10%)渣系的等氮容量图.结果表明:相同氮容量渣系,随着钢液中[%Al]s增加,渣/钢间氮分配比LN增加;相同[%Al]s情况下,随着氮容量的增加,渣/钢间氮分配比显著增加.高氮容量渣在渣/钢界面上会有很高的脱氮能力,在冶炼超低氮钢(w[N]<3×10-5)时,熔渣是进行脱氮和防止增氮的重要环节.     

基于多功能转炉炼钢法的连续循环冶炼过程

为了研究脱碳渣在脱磷期的重新利用,基于多功能转炉炼钢法进行连续循环冶炼实验.实验发现：脱磷阶段渣中较低的FeO含量、吹炼5 min左右,[ C]≥2.8%的条件下,可实现转炉熔池内铁液[ P]≤0.025%的脱磷效果,并对低( FeO)含量炉渣的脱磷可行性进行热力学计算;随着循环的进行,石灰加入量逐渐降低,由65 kg·t-1降低至31 kg·t-1,转炉冶炼终点钢水[ P]量由0.018%降低至0.005%,2~4炉后达到平衡状态;在循环过程中,脱磷阶段结束倒出炉渣60~80 kg·t-1,整个循环结束一次性倒出剩余全部炉渣120~130 kg·t-1,平均渣量为83 kg·t-1左右,较普通工艺的120 kg·t-1渣量有大幅度减少.     

CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2炼钢渣系磷分配比的热力学模型

基于炉渣离子-分子共存理论(IMCT)建立了CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2渣系的磷分配比预报模型,即IMCT-LP模型.比较了该渣系在1823~1873 K时实测的磷分配比、IMCT-LP模型预报的磷分配比及其他6种磷分配比模型的计算结果.与实测值和其他磷分配比模型预报结果相比,由IMCT-LP模型预报的CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2渣系的磷分配比更精确.本文建立的IMCT-LP模型不仅可计算该渣系的磷分配比,而且可计算该渣系中碱性离子对(Ca2++O2-)、(Mg2++O2-)和(Fe2++O2-)各自的磷分配比.     

Al2 O3和二元碱度对炼钢炉渣中磷酸盐富集机理的综合影响

以六元CaO-SiO2-FeO-P2 O5-Fe2 O3-Al2 O3炼钢渣系为研究对象,结合热力学计算和实验检测,分析( Al2 O3)和二元碱度B综合变化对该六元渣系中磷酸盐富集行为的影响.结果表明：炼钢炉渣中生成游离C2 S含量对磷酸盐富集相nC2 S-C3 P内的( P2 O5)至关重要.该渣系中增加SiO2会降低总的C2 S生成量,增加Al2 O3可促进钙铝黄长石C2 AS相生成,降低游离C2 S ( f-C2 S)的量,进而影响磷酸盐的富集.六元CaO-SiO2-FeO-P2 O5-Fe2 O3-Al2 O3炼钢炉渣获得较好磷酸盐富集程度,渣中二元碱度B和Al2O3含量需满足的耦合关系为：(%Al2O3)=-27.70+21.62B,(Al2O3)<20.0%,B>1.3.     

CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2熔体的电导率和离子扩散系数研究

利用光学碱度的概念,对CaO--Al2O3--SiO2体系的电导率进行了模拟,模型可以体现Al2O3的两性行为对熔体电导率的影响,以及在一定成分范围内Al2O3替代SiO2使得电导率下降的现象.通过对比分析不同离子的扩散系数,得出CaO--Al2O3--SiO2熔体中起电荷传导作用的离子主要为Ca2+;并根据模型计算的电导率以及Nernst-Einstein方程计算了Ca2+的自扩散系数.最后讨论了计算的扩散系数与通过示踪原子法测量的扩散系数之间存在差别的原因,并对"随温度的增加,偏差减少"的现象进行了理论解释.     

低碳含铝钢20Mn2精炼渣系CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaF2的优化

通过对低碳含铝钢20Mn2精炼过程的取样分析,得出精炼渣的熔化温度偏高,渣中存在大量固相CaO,并导致钢中含有CaO类夹杂物,精炼渣吸附夹杂物能力差. 利用FactSage热力学计算,从渣的低熔点区域控制和渣-钢反应这两个方面对渣系进行研究与优化. 结果表明,CaO/Al2 O3 质量比在1. 5左右添加质量分数为3% CaF2 可以有效降低渣的熔化温度,渣的熔化温度随着CaF2 含量的升高呈现先降低后升高的趋势,MgO的质量分数控制5%左右低熔点区域面积达到最大. 在SiO2 质量分数大于30%区域,钢中氧含量大体上随着CaO/Al2 O3 质量比的增加而降低,在SiO2 的质量分数低于30%区域随着CaO含量的升高而降低,钢中酸溶铝含量在SiO2 含量高的区域随着Al2 O3/SiO2 质量比的增加而升高,在SiO2 含量低的区域随着CaO/SiO2 质量比的增加而增加. 根据热力学分析结果得出合理的渣系范围:CaO 50% ~60%, Al2 O3 20% ~35%, SiO2 5% ~10%, MgO 5% ~8%, CaF2 0~5%. 优化渣系的实验结果表明,优化后渣系熔化温度降低,钢中夹杂物数量、面积和平均尺寸均有明显下降.     

CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5渣中磷的富集行为

通过考察不同温度下CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5熔渣中磷在2CaO·SiO2颗粒内部和表面以及熔渣本体中的浓度分布规律,对CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5熔渣中磷的富集行为进行了研究.结果表明:熔渣中存在的2CaO·SiO2固体颗粒为渣中磷富集提供了场所,磷向2CaO·SiO2颗粒富集并形成2CaO·SiO2...     

转炉冶炼船板钢渣洗工艺的开发研究

为了通过改进转炉渣洗精炼工艺而减缓LF炉的作业压力,本文对转炉渣洗工艺进行了系统的理论阐述及工业实验.在工业实验中,采用铁水脱硫—转炉冶炼—出钢渣洗—氩站处理—连铸机浇注的生产工艺,在转炉出钢过程中投掷脱氧剂进行渣料造渣,通过吹氩搅拌为出钢过程创造良好的反应动力学条件以脱氧和脱硫,将氧的质量分数控制在2×10-5以内,过程脱硫率达到了45%～65%.而且因该工艺处理时间短,与普通LF工艺相比其回磷量更低.另外,由于熔渣的保温作用,使得中间包温降达到与LF温降相当的程度.     

Slag formation path during dephosphorization process in a converter

The slag formation path is important for efficient dephosphorization in steelmaking processes. The phosphorus capacity and the melting properties of the slag are critical parameters for optimizing the slag formation path. Regarding these two factors, the phosphorus par-tition ratio was calculated using the regular solution model (RSM), whereas the liquidus diagrams of the slag systems were estimated using the FactSage thermodynamic package. A slag formation path that satisfies the different requirements of dephosphorization at different stages of dephosphorization in a converter was thus established through a combination of these two aspects. The composition of the initial slag was considered to be approximately 15wt%CaO–44wt%SiO2–41wt%FeO. During the dephosphorization process, a slag formation path that fol-lows a high-iron route would facilitate efficient dephosphorization. The composition of the final dephosphorization slag should be approxi-mately 53wt%CaO–25.5wt%SiO2–21.5wt%FeO. The composition of the final solid slag after dephosphorization is approximately 63.6wt%CaO–30.3wt%SiO2–6.1wt%FeO.     

Phosphorus partitioning and recovery of low-phosphorus iron-rich compounds through physical separation of Linz-Donawitz slag

The Linz-Donawitz (LD) steelmaking process produces LD slag at a rate of about 125 kg/t. After metallic scrap recovery, the non-metallic LD slag is rejected because its physical/chemical properties are unsuitable for recycling. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have indicated that non-metallic LD slag contains a substantial quantity of mineral phases such as di- and tricalcium silicates. The availability of these mineral phases indicates that LD slag can be recycled by iron (Fe)-ore sintering. However, the presence of 1.2wt% phosphorus (P) in the slag renders the material unsuitable for sintering operations. Electron probe microscopic analysis (EPMA) studies indicated concentration of phosphorus in dicalcium silicate phase as calcium phosphate. The Fe-bearing phases (i.e., wustite and dicalcium ferrite) showed comparatively lower concentrations of P compared with other phases in the slag. Attempts were made to lower the P content of LD slag by adopting various beneficiation techniques. Dry high-intensity magnetic separation and jigging were performed on as-received samples with particle sizes of 6 and 3 mm. Spiral separation was conducted using samples ground to sizes of less than 1 and 0.5 mm. Among these studies, grinding to 0.5 mm followed by spiral concentration demonstrated the best results, yielding a concentrate with about 0.75wt% P and 45wt% Fe.     

低温低碱度脱磷渣中磷的富集行为

At low basicity and low temperature, the dephosphorization behavior and phosphorus distribution ratio (L_P) between slag and molten steel in the double slag and remaining slag process were studied with a 180 t basic oxygen furnace industrial experiment. The dephosphorization slags with different basicities were quantitatively analyzed. At the lower basicity range of 0.9–2.59, both L_P and dephosphorization ratio were increased as the basicity of dephosphorization slag increased. Dephosphorization slag consisted of dark gray P-rich, light gray liquid slag, and white Fe-rich phases. With increasing basicity, not only did the morphologies of different phases in the dephosphorization slag change greatly, but the area fractions and P₂O₅ content of the P-rich phase also increased. The transfer route of P during dephosphorization can be deduced as hot metal → liquid slag phase + Fe-rich phase → P-rich phase.     

基于FactSage的脱磷渣中MgO饱和溶解度计算

利用Factsage热力学软件对高磷铁水(w[P]=0.5%)的脱磷平衡过程进行模拟计算,并根据渣系相图对计算结果进行理论分析。结果表明,温度一定的条件下,渣中MgO饱和溶解度(w(MgO)_(SS))受到Fe_tO质量百分比和碱度等因素的综合影响:当碱度R1.5时,w(MgO)_(SS)随着Fe_tO质量百分比的增加而减小;当1.5≤R4.0时,w(MgO)_(SS)先随着Fe_tO质量百分比的增加先增大后减小,且当w(Fe_tO)为40%左右时,w(MgO)_(SS)达到最大值;当R≥4.0时,w(MgO)_(SS)随着Fe_tO质量百分比的增加而增加。另外,温度升高会促进渣对MgO的溶解,渣中w(MgO)_(SS)有所增加。     

FeO含量对SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO(-FeO)酸性渣熔化温度的影响

基于熔渣离子理论,利用导电法在高纯氩气保护下测定SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO(-FeO)酸性渣(二元碱度R=0.6)的熔化温度,考察FeO含量对酸性渣熔化温度的影响。结果表明,FeO的加入可以降低酸性母渣SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO的熔化温度,且渣中FeO含量越大,渣样熔化温度越低;当渣中FeO含量低于20%时,随着FeO含量的增加,渣样熔化温度降低幅度较大;当渣中FeO含量高于20%时,随着FeO含量的增加,酸性渣熔化温度降低趋势变缓。