微地震震源地震波能量的计算方法

由工程爆破中普遍采用的质点峰值振动速度与炸药量和震源距关系的经验公式推导出质点峰值振动速度与震源能量和震源距关系的经验公式,并作为微震地震波能量衰减公式.在公式中引入地震波能量特征系数K1描述震源能量与震源峰值振动速度之间的比例关系,并认为K1主要与震源场地介质特征有关,而与爆破参数无关.通过校验炮数据的回归分析获取监测区域能量特征系数K1.采用能量衰减模型,以微震事件各测点的峰值振动速度、震源距及K1为已知量,以震源能量及衰减系数为回归参数进行回归计算,直接反演出震源能量.本文方法为震源能量计算提供了新的思路和方法.     

高速公路扩建工程中小净距隧道爆破震动观测与分析

基于泉厦高速公路扩建工程中的苏厝小净距隧道的爆破震动安全监测,首先介绍了测线与测点布置原则,并阐述了爆破震动观测及其结果,得出了相应的质点振动速度峰值衰减经验公式及υ-ρ关系曲线。结果表明,上下台阶和全断面爆破这两种不同隧道施工开挖方式所得出的不同的观测结果,质点振动速度峰值最大值通常出现在同一断面的腰部、径向方向和爆...     

露天矿深孔爆破震动安全参数计算的探讨

本文提出根据土壤质点振动速度计算爆破震动安全参数的观点。作者根据相似原理导出了计算露天深孔爆破质点振动速度的公式,并根据质点振动的极限速度,建立了计算爆破震动安全距离和极限装药量的公式。     

城市地下工程爆破对地面环境影响与保护

为了地铁隧道安全可靠地穿越市区繁华地段复杂建筑和地下管网,从工程的安全性和建筑物的可靠性出发,对爆破地震波强度和传播的衰减规律进行了分析。本次把爆破质点震动速度作为主要参数来研究爆破震动效应。通过现场测试,得到爆破震动速度、频率等相关爆破实时数据,采用萨道夫斯基公式作为爆破地震波传播衰减模型。在爆破工程施工现场布置爆破震动测试仪器,通过对现场监测数据进行回归分析,确定与岩土特征、装药结构、场地因素等相关的系数K、α值,得到爆破地震波传播规律的衰减公式,对爆破震动速度进行预测控制,从而优化爆破设计,降低爆破震动效应,起到保护构筑物的作用。     

岩质高边坡爆破质点振动效应分析

针对凹山铁矿采场边坡生产爆破工程,利用爆破测振仪对现场爆破作用下岩体质点振动速度进行监测,得到边坡质点振动速度的衰减规律。结果表明:边坡质点振动速度随距离的增加呈指数衰减趋势,在台阶局部由于高差的存在振动速度出现放大现象。根据高程放大效应对经验公式进行二元回归分析,得到更准确的爆破振动速度预测模型,为矿山生产爆破及时调整参数,保证边坡爆破的安全施工提供了有效依据。     

爆破振动对海底隧道覆盖岩石的损伤研究

海底隧道掘进爆破开挖岩石的过程中,爆破振动必然会对隧道覆盖岩石造成损伤和破坏,危及隧道施工安全.阐述了质点峰值振动速度临界值作为爆破围岩损伤的判别标准和作用于炮孔壁上爆炸脉冲荷载计算公式.以青岛胶州湾隧道为背景,采用Abaqus软件,对周边眼爆破振动的覆盖岩石动力响应进行数值模拟,并对计算结果按照最小二乘法进行拟合,得到覆盖岩石质点峰值振动速度衰减公式.按质点峰值振动速度判别标准计算出了周边眼爆破引起的覆盖岩石损伤范围仅为0 358 1 m.研究表明采用低爆速炸药、不耦合间隔装药光面爆破技术, 爆破对海底隧道覆盖岩石损伤范围较小.     

岩体爆破地震波衰减规律的现场试验与分析

通过6次现场岩体爆破试验,测量出与爆源不等距离处的36组地震波形。通过统计与频域分析发现：爆破地震波 在爆源近区的衰减比中、远区要大得多;用萨道夫 斯基经验公式估算出的爆源近区质点振速远大于实际值;爆破地震波的传播具有不可逆性,岩石质点振动主频率与药量、距离成反变关系;地震波作用时间与爆破药量成正变关系,而与距离成反变关系。     

超浅埋地铁站通道爆破暗挖地表振动传播特征

结合武汉市轨道交通2号线工程背景,采用现场监测和动力有限元数值模拟相结合的研究方法,对超浅埋通道下台阶爆破开挖地表振动传播规律进行研究。同时,为研究上台阶开挖空间对爆破地震波传播特征的影响,对通道全断面爆破开挖的地表振动传播规律进行数值模拟分析。研究结果表明:下台阶爆破开挖工况下,沿通道开挖导洞轴线方向,由于应力波的绕射,掌子面前方5 m处地表质点峰值振速达到最大值;垂直于通道开挖导洞轴线方向,掏槽孔孔底连心线中点正上方地表质点与爆源距离最小,但峰值振速并不是最大,且质点两侧2 m范围内,随着爆心距的增加,峰值振速不断增大。全断面爆破开挖工况下,沿通道开挖导洞轴线方向,掌子面前方2 m处地表质点峰值振速达到最大值;垂直于通道开挖导洞轴线方向,掏槽孔孔底连心线中点正上方地表质点峰值振速最大,且随着爆心距的增加,峰值振速不断减小。对比通道下台阶爆破开挖和全断面爆破开挖2种工况下地表质点振动特征,上台阶开挖空间的存在阻隔了应力波的传播,在一定空间范围内影响爆破地震波的传播特征,能够有效降低地表质点峰值振速。     

研山铁矿露天爆破振动监测及分析

研山铁矿东帮边坡局部围岩风化比较严重,存在顺层层理面和垂直裂隙,在生产爆破等不利因素作用下有明显滑坡失稳可能。为了确保边坡的安全,需要进行爆破振动监测并提出相应的控制措施。通过对监测数据进行分析回归,得到爆破质点峰值振动速度及振动主振频率公式。结合东帮岩体力学性质,采用应力波理论确定东帮边坡临界质点振动速度为17.2 cm/s,安全允许振动速度为5 cm/s;同时给出了安全允许距离与最大同段药量之间的关系,为矿山生产爆破设计提供参考。     

混凝土围堰拆除爆破对大坝的安全影响分析

以位于长江中游支流沅江干流的某水电站混凝土围堰拆除爆破为工程背景,需要爆破拆除的混凝土围堰与县城的直线距离不超过2 km,与最近的一条坝顶公路桥的最小距离为3 m,所以控制爆破振动势必对本工程有着重要的意义。通过对该工程现场爆破试验进行质点振动监测,测取离爆源不同位置下的质点振动速度的监测数据,同时采用回归分析法对数据进行分析,得出爆破地震波在钢筋混凝土大坝结构中的衰减规律,结果表明,使用分段微差爆破技术可有效控制拆除爆破对大坝的振动影响;依据《爆破安全规程》对钢筋混凝土结构质点安全振动速度的要求(v≤5 cm/s),证明试验爆破初步设计方案及爆破参数k,α较为合理,可为后期爆破方案确定和保证坝体安全稳定性提供依据,也可为类似工程提供工程经验。综合以上试验爆破参数和监测数据得出以下建议:最大单响药量控制在27 kg以下;需要采取一些外在减震措施;要注意地震波的主频率变化范围,防止共振现象的发生。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that