具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

硬岩地层超深基坑桩锚支护体系受力与变形特性实测分析

为探究硬岩地层超深基坑桩锚支护体系随基坑开挖的受力与变形演化规律,依托于崂山区某基坑支护工程,对南侧支护完成区域基坑的预应力锚索轴力、基坑水平和竖向位移进行了实时监测,分析桩锚支护体系在该地质条件下的力学性能,探讨锚索轴力急速下降与基坑水平位移增大的影响因素。研究表明：预应力锚索轴力持续、急速的下降与基坑紧邻原状山体的土压力和北侧后挖区域的持续施工有关,工程中采取预应力锚索2次补偿张拉适用效果良好;基坑最大水平位移为19.98 mm,最大竖向位移为12.11 mm,南侧支护完成区域基坑支护体系的变形受后续施工区域的影响明显;桩锚支护体系在硬岩及土岩二元地层超深基坑中具有较好的适用性和可靠性。类似工程支护结构设计应重视周边地质环境、邻近区域持续施工等因素的影响。     

深基坑桩锚支护位移及内力数值模拟分析

利用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,按照实际施工工序模拟基坑开挖支护全过程,得到了桩锚支护结构以及基坑外土体沉降和基坑侧壁水平位移随基坑开挖的变形规律:随基坑开挖深度的增加,基坑外土体沉降逐渐增大,变化曲线呈"勺状"分布;基坑顶和基坑侧壁水平位移随开挖深度增加均逐渐增大且都在开挖至基坑底时位移最大;桩身弯矩最大值处基本出现在基坑开挖深度1.5 m以上的位置,最大负弯矩值为76.7;锚索轴力最大位置出现在锚索的端头处,且从端头位置向端尾位置逐渐减小,而第1排至第3排锚索最大值逐渐增大,说明支护结构中第2、3排锚索起主要作用,验证了深基坑桩锚支护的可行性。     

基坑开挖扰动变形特征及控制效果模拟分析

坑中坑的开挖对于基坑的稳定性有诸多方面的影响,内坑的开挖会造成土体回弹,引起基坑土体抗力的损失,降低基坑的整体稳定性。运用FLAC^3D对合肥恒大中心C地块坑中坑式基坑进行了开挖与支护模拟,计算采用摩尔-库伦本构模型,通过模拟计算得出了基坑应力、桩基应力、桩锚应力,验证了基坑中外坑和内坑最易失稳破坏区域,并对利用负泊松比(negative Poisson’s ratio, NPR)锚索对该类基坑进行加密支护的控制效果进行了评价。通过施加位移监测得到了不同开挖阶段基坑地表位移、坑中坑底部位移、以及坑中坑周围土体位移,确定了基坑极易发生破坏的区域以及滑动面位置,建立了坑中坑物理模型,并验证了数值模拟的正确性,研究结论可为类似工程条件基坑的开挖及加固提供理论支撑和实践基础。     

土钉墙与预应力锚杆在深基坑中的联合应用

土钉墙与锚杆在京东地区深基坑中的联合应用,此种方法能在很大程度上降低工程造价,节省成本,在本工程中运用此种方法完成了14m深的基坑支护工程。     

偏压条件下排桩加内支撑支护深基坑受力与变形分析

基坑开挖受周围环境制约较大,需根据具体条件采取不同的支护方式。尤其对于狭长基坑两侧存在偏压的情况,基坑变形以及支护结构受力会存在较大差异。本文以西安科技八路综合管廊深基坑支护工程为研究对象,采用数值模拟与现场监测相结合的方法,对偏压条件下基坑的变形以及支护结构受力变化规律进行了深入的研究分析。研究结果表明：随着基坑开挖,水平位移和竖向位移均呈逐渐增大趋势,锚杆和内支撑对水平位移控制效果明显。桩身内力在锚杆与内支撑位置突变明显,避免了桩身受力过大。由于受右侧已开挖基坑的影响,导致基坑两侧变形有所差异,但位移值相差不大。说明该深基坑支护方案设计合理,支护效果良好,满足偏压条件下对基坑变形控制的要求。研究结果可为类似基坑工程的支护与开挖提供一定的指导。     

基坑开挖对周边环境的影响分析

为探究基坑降水开挖过程中基坑及周边环境的响应,以西北某实际基坑工程为背景,通过Plaxis 3D软件建立模型,分析了基坑开挖过程中基坑及周边环境产生的变形和围护结构锚杆上力的变化.结果表明：基坑开挖产生的土体变形是一个三维问题,剖面土体的变形受基坑阴、阳角的影响,这种影响的强弱与剖面距基坑阴、阳角的距离有关;在基坑围护结构中,锚杆锚固效果比土钉好30%左右,桩锚支护效果比复合土钉墙好20%左右;下排锚杆比上排锚杆承担更多的主动土压力,其自由段轴力比上排锚杆大;位于复合土钉墙支护段附近的道路受基坑开挖影响,其倾斜方向由最开始的朝坑外倾斜转变为朝坑内倾斜;位于桩锚支护段附近的既有建筑变形均在相关规范允许范围内,周边既有建筑处于安全状态.     

土岩组合深基坑围护结构受力与变形特性分析——以青岛海天中心深基坑为例

为了研究土岩组合二元地层超基坑受力、变形和邻近建筑沉降随基坑开挖的演化规律,依托于青岛海天中心城市综合体桩锚支护结构体系超深基坑工程,对预应力锚索轴力、基坑水平和竖向位移以及周边建筑物沉降进行了实时监测。结果表明,基坑开挖期间内,预应力锚索轴力随时间的变化规律主要分快速下降、稳定变化和基本稳定3个阶段,锚索轴力平均损失率约为15.08%;基坑最大水平位移为12.30 mm,最大竖向位移为11.01 mm,基坑临近建筑物最大沉降量为1.2 mm,远小于设计和现行《建筑基坑工程监测技术标准》的容许变形值,说明桩锚支护结构体系可以有效控制基坑变形,确保毗邻建筑物安全;同时表明该基坑的支护设计方案有较大的优化空间,从而节约工程成本。研究成果对相似地质条件的超深基坑围护结构设计具有重要参考价值。     

非预应力喷锚网在深基坑支护工程中的设计与应用

根据某大厦深基坑非预应力喷锚网联合支护结构的设计计算方法、施工技术措施及监测结果,探讨了非预应力喷锚网联合支护技术在深基坑支护中经济合理的设计方案、安全高效的施工方法以及科学有效的监测管理手段,可为非预应力喷锚网联合支护技术的推广和应用提供工程参考.     

条桩综合护坡体系在基坑支护施工中的应用

我对北京嘉利来世贸中心工程的基坑支护，采用综合支护体系为条桩及锚索结合旋喷的基坑支护方案，并根据现场条件，将多种施工工艺结合起来，成功运用于基坑支护工程。     

预应力锚杆复合土钉支护模拟研究

通过工程实例,采用数值分析的方法,模拟研究基坑开挖过程中预应力锚杆与土钉墙复合支护结构的受力性状、工作性能和作用机理,并在数值分析中利用强度折减法分析基坑开挖后的稳定性。