旅行商问题的近似求解算法

在最近邻法、k-变换策略和贪心算法的基础上,尝试设计效率较高的产生旅行商问题较优可行解的方法。将3变换邻域分成两种结构(称为3_1和3_2变换邻域)考虑,设计以下算法:利用最近邻法产生初始当前最优解;然后依次在当前最优解的3_2、3_1、2变换邻域中寻找更优的局部最优解成为当前最优解,直到结果没有改进。利用算法对一些经典的实例进行实验,依次将每个城市作为出发地,在多项式时间O(n4)得到的最优解与给定的最优解相对误差在1%内。     

基于自适应层次谱聚类与遗传优化的TSP算法

提出一种基于自适应层次谱聚类与遗传优化的算法求解大规模TSP,算法首先构建一种自适应相似矩阵,并应用到谱聚类算法中实现城市的初步聚类,当聚类城市规模超过设定阈值,用上述自适应谱聚类算法进行层次聚类,直到每类城市规模均小于阈值;其次,采用结合了最近邻与禁忌思想的改进遗传算法求解GTSP,得类间最短回路;最后,用改进遗传算法求解每类城市群的最优解,综合类间GTSP最短回路以及类内TSP最优解,即得大规模旅行商问题的最优解.实验结果表明,该算法能够取得相对较优解且求解效率显著提高.     

改进禁忌搜索算法在TSP问题中的应用

提出了一种基于改进最近邻点法的禁忌搜索算法（TSBIN）。该算法利用改进最近邻点法为禁忌搜索算法构造较优初始解,能更有效地搜索全局最优解。以旅行商问题（TSP）为倒,验证了该算法的寻优性。     

改进人工鱼群算法求解TSP问题

针对TSP问题的特点,在经典最近邻点法基础上对其运行方式加以改进,结合基本人工鱼群算法的优势,对基本人工鱼群算法加以改进。利用改进最近邻点法为基本人工鱼群算法构造多个较优初始解,进而改进基本人工鱼群法的觅食行为。改进后的人工鱼群算法能更有效地搜索全局最优解。选取典型的TSP问题实例进行实验仿真,验证该算法的有效性。实验表明,改进后的人工鱼群算法在求解旅行商问题时,比基本人工鱼群算法搜索效果更好,寻优性能更强。     

改善分支限界法求解旅行商问题效率的策略

叙述了NP完全问题的复杂性及分支限界法求解问题最优解的策略,分析了利用分支限界法求解旅行商问题过程中影响算法求解效率的主要原因。针对欧氏空间的旅行商问题求解,提出了通过化简初始边集的策略,改善算法的求解效率,通过实验说明了该策略的有效性。该策略可应用到求解旅行商问题的其他算法中。     

面向多旅行商问题的多目标模拟退火算法研究

多旅行商问题是经典旅行商问题的一种演化,考虑一些约束,可以转换为一些较现实的问题,具有较高的理论研究和应用价值.在多旅行商问题中,一个任务由多位旅行商共同完成,问题的求解难度较经典旅行商问题更大.现有的研究中指定旅行商个数,将问题转换为固定数量的多旅行商问题.本文构建了求解pareto解的多目标多旅行商问题模型,针对一定规模的城市数量和约束的问题,获得多旅行商问题中旅行商的合适数量.本文将旅行商的个数和多旅行商的最长访问路径作为优化目标,采用改进的多目标模拟退火(IMOSA)算法和传统的多目标遗传算法对问题进行了求解.采用30个城市的旅行商问题对两种算法进行了测试,发现改进的多目标模拟退火算法相较于多目标遗传算法计算复杂度低,且能发现较好的pareto解,算法性能更优.     

基于萤火虫算法的最大值最小化着色旅行商问题的求解

针对遗传算法在求解最大值最小化着色旅行商问题(min-max colored traveling salesman problem, MM-CTSP)中存在解质量欠佳、耗时多和收敛速度慢等问题,提出基于萤火虫算法的MM-CTSP求解方法,采用直接路径编码方式提高解码效率;采用翻转变异策略更新个体,提高算法的收敛速度.结果表明,该方法的解质量高,耗时少,收敛速度快,且城市规模越大其优势越明显.     

基于蜂群的改进混合算法求解旅行商问题

旅行商作为组合优化问题,在求解中存在收敛慢、易于陷入局部最优问题,模拟蜜蜂觅食行为并利用蜂群算法求旅行商问题的最优解,觅食过程中根据收益比因子动态转变角色,加速算法收敛。结合改进2-opt算法,有效改善蜂群算法在全局搜索中局部搜索能力较弱的缺陷,降低问题规模。对不同基准问题的测试结果进行了对比分析,分析结果表明:改进混合算法比标准蜂群算法能在短时间内求得最优解。     

一种求解旅行商问题的信息传播算法

针对旅行商问题求解精度较差、容易陷入局部最优等缺点,提出一种新的求解旅行商问题的信息传播算法.根据旅行商问题的特征,将线性方程嵌入信息传播算法方程中得到旅行商问题的势函数,进而将其转换为因子图,在因子图上利用信息传播算法的迭代方程进行迭代计算.在迭代过程中选择边际信念的最小值,从而得到旅行商问题的初始解,在算法达到设定...     

旅行商问题的较优可行解的搜索算法的设计

利用问题本身的特点和相关的已有结论,结合最近邻法和深度优先搜索算法设计了产生旅行商问题较优可行解的方法.首先,将与每个城市关联的城市由近到远排序,并将城市之间距离较远的边删除.然后选择一个城市作为出发地,按排序利用深度优先搜索算法在有限步内搜索可行解.若搜索到多个可行解,从中选择较优的作为以该城市为出发地的可行解;否则,重新选择出发地开始新的搜索.对经典的st70、a280问题依次将每个城市作为出发地进行实验,该方法产生的可行解的性能明显优于随机搜索算法,但仍不及最近邻法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of