Nanomembrane folding origami: Geometry control and micro-machine applications

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructures have important applications in a wide range of engineering fields. A strategy of nanomembrane folding origami with microdroplet-guided intercalation and strain engineering to construct complex 3D microstructures for micro-machine applications is proposed in the present investigation. The results showed that nanomembranes were released by the microdroplet intercalation and subsequently fold up as creases, or remain flat as facets, depending on the strain design configurations. The 3D geometry can be controlled by the crease design and by an externally applied magnetic field. Moreover, this folding strategy is used to construct magnetic micro-mirror arrays, magnetic micro-robots, and a twin-jet motor platform, showing potential micro-machine applications in optical micro-devices and robotics. This strategy offers a simple, precise, and designable method of folding 3D microstructures for fundamental research and practical applications.     

二维码生成算法研究

二维码技术被广泛应用,但是生成技术繁多,不易选择.针对这个问题,本文主要研究了两种二维码生成方法,并通过具体代码实现.对于二维码一般性需求,可以直接使用jquery-qrcode,快捷方便,但是jquery-qrcode存在依赖于浏览器、暂不支持中文等问题.对于需要在二维码中添加Logo图片、彩色二维码等需求,可以使用Google公司提供的ZXing库来实现,该方法存在一定难度,需要编写的代码较多.     

二维圆形边界温度场声学测量的仿真研究

对二维圆形边界温度场声学测量方法进行深入研究,提出一种新的二维温度场区域划分方法,阐述了声学法二维圆形边界温度场重建思想.应用C + + 语言编制了最小二乘重建算法的程序,对单峰及双峰二维温度场进行了仿真,并对仿真结果进行分析.     

非简谐振动对二维系统相变和热容量的影响

本文采用二维Collins模型,以氙元素为例,在考虑4-原子和非简谐振动的情况下,计算了二维系统的热力学函数,讨论了粒子密度、4-原子、非简谐振动对相变点的影响,较定量的研究了非简谐振动对热容量影响的大小.结果与实际三维情形极为相似.     

旋流燃烧室内湍流流动的PIV实验研究

建立了微型燃气轮机旋流燃烧室实验台．采用二维粒子图像测速技术(PIV)测量了旋流燃烧室火焰筒内冷态速度场．旋流燃烧室主要由3个旋流器和1个侧壁开有测试视窗的圆筒段组成．在空气流量为0．114m^3／s的工况下，得到了燃烧室火焰筒内气体时均切向速度分布及旋流燃烧室火焰筒中心截面和不同轴向横截面位置的速度矢量分布图．实验结果及其分析为旋流燃烧室的数值模拟计算和进一步的实验研究提供了基础．     

Tunnelling between the edges of two lateral quantum Hall systems

The edge of a two-dimensional electron system in a magnetic field consists of one-dimensional channels that arise from the confining electric field at the edge of the system. The crossed electric and magnetic fields cause electrons to drift parallel to the sample boundary, creating a chiral current that travels along the edge in only one direction. In an ideal two-dimensional electron system in the quantum Hall regime, all the current flows along the edge. Quantization of the Hall resistance arises from occupation of N one-dimensional edge channels, each contributing a conductance of e2/h. Here we report differential conductance measurements, in the integer quantum Hall regime, of tunnelling between the edges of a pair of two-dimensional electron systems that are separated by an atomically precise, high-quality, tunnel barrier. The resultant interaction between the edge states leads to the formation of new energy gaps and an intriguing dispersion relation for electrons travelling along the barrier: for example, we see a persistent conductance peak at zero bias voltage and an absence of tunnelling features due to electron spin. These features are unexpected and are not consistent with a model of weakly interacting edge states. Remnant disorder along the barrier and charge screening may each play a role, although detailed numerical studies will be required to elucidate these effects.     

一类二维差分方程中的混沌现象

主要研究了一个二维差分方程——宿主-寄生物模型的混沌现象,通过分岔图、Lyapunov指数图、时间序列图和相图分析了该方程由周期运动到混沌运动的变化过程,发现该二维差分方程随参数变化表现出丰富的动力学行为,其混沌现象具有遍历性、非周期运动性、初值敏感性的特征。     

自旋S=1和S=1/2海森堡交错自旋系统磁性双结构性质研究

采用双时格林函数方法,通过对由S=1和S=1/2自旋组成的二维反铁磁量子自旋系统基态发散谱的计算,研究了因能隙激发和非能隙激发而引起的磁双结构.在计算结果中,我们得到了Haldane-gap型激发和长程反铁磁序共存.同时,还研究了该系统Haldane态和亚铁磁态之间的竞争.取得的理论结果和Schwinger-boson平均场方法的结果一致,并且和准一维Haldane化合物R2BaNiO5在实验上的发现一致.     

镧系超导体中条纹相(stripe phase)的研究评述

镧系超导体中,当掺杂空穴浓度等于1/8时出现的超导反常抑制现象一直是超导研究方面的一个焦点.J.M.Tranquada将La2-XSrXCuO4中出现的动态二唯无公度(incommensurate)自旋关联解释为电荷自旋相互分离的条纹相之后,人们对镧系超导体的电子-电子、电子-晶格、以及磁相互作用进行了系统的研究.但条纹相形成的驱动机制以及条纹相与超导电性的关系等基本问题仍没有得到充分的解释.     

时标上的变时滞二维动力系统的振动性

利用广义Riccati变换和不等式技巧,讨论一类时标上具有两个变时滞的二维动力系统的解的振动性质,得到的振动定理既适用于变时滞二维动力系统,也适用于变时滞二维微分系统和差分系统及某些二阶时滞动力系统。     

High-Q photonic nanocavity in a two-dimensional photonic crystal

Photonic cavities that strongly confine light are finding applications in many areas of physics and engineering, including coherent electron-photon interactions, ultra-small filters, low-threshold lasers, photonic chips, nonlinear optics and quantum information processing. Critical for these applications is the realization of a cavity with both high quality factor, Q, and small modal volume, V. The ratio Q/V determines the strength of the various cavity interactions, and an ultra-small cavity enables large-scale integration and single-mode operation for a broad range of wavelengths. However, a high-Q cavity of optical wavelength size is difficult to fabricate, as radiation loss increases in inverse proportion to cavity size. With the exception of a few recent theoretical studies, definitive theories and experiments for creating high-Q nanocavities have not been extensively investigated. Here we use a silicon-based two-dimensional photonic-crystal slab to fabricate a nanocavity with Q = 45,000 and V = 7.0 x 10(-14) cm3; the value of Q/V is 10-100 times larger than in previous studies. Underlying this development is the realization that light should be confined gently in order to be confined strongly. Integration with other photonic elements is straightforward, and a large free spectral range of 100 nm has been demonstrated.     

拟南芥全细胞蛋白质样品制备及其双向电泳条件的优化

对双向电泳方法进行了改进, 包括对样品的制备、 双向电泳参数的选择等关键步骤进行优化. 实验发现, 采用乙酸铵 甲醇沉淀拟南芥全细胞蛋白质, 同时结合高伏时、 长时间的等电聚焦可以获得高分辨率、 重复性好的蛋白质双向电泳图谱. 银染后, 经Phoretix 2D v2004软件分析可分辨出1 000以上蛋白点.     

生态系统的无害时滞和全局吸引性

本文研究具有有限个离散时滞的两种群捕食系统，我们的目的是证明对该系统一致持续生存时滞是无害的，并且我们得到系统存在一个全局吸引正周期解的条件。     

螺旋管蒸汽发生器热工流体力学二维模型

为了解螺旋管中流动工质的热工水力特性 ,分析螺旋流动中离心力的作用 ,在一维模型的基础上 ,添加了横向动量守恒方程 ,发展为二维数学模型。在守恒方程中直接计算离心力项 ,流型划分、传热和流动阻力结构关系式中不需采用 De数 (Re d/ D)进行修正 ,传热和流动阻力计算可直接选用直管的经验关系式。针对清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院建造的 HTR- 10中所采用的小螺旋管式蒸汽发生器编制程序 ,进行稳态计算 ,计算结果与实验结果误差在 10 %以内。二维数学模型可以从理论上分析离心力的作用及热工水力参数分布的非轴对称性     

基于改进的禁忌搜索算法求解带2维装箱约束的低碳车辆路径问题

同时考虑2维装箱和车辆路径2个NP难问题,以碳排放量为目标函数,对低碳环境下带2维装箱约束的车辆路径问题进行研究.求解思路是以禁忌搜索算法(Tabu Search,TS)为主要框架,然后基于贪心的思想采用4种启发式装箱策略生成初始解,并通过改进编码解码方式以及使用动态增长的禁忌长度对TS算法进行改进; 由给出算例的计算结果可知,改进的禁忌搜索算法对于求解该类问题具有一定的优越性.     

基于二维码技术的电子票务系统的研究

讨论如何从多种图片格式中筛选出所采用的二维码图片格式,以便快速实现将信息生成为二维码图片,使其在网络中快速处理,能更好的融入到电子票务中.通过B/S结构,结合多种Script语言(VBScript、JavaScript)和ActiveX技术,实现一种全新的软件系统构造技术.     

Experimental measurement of the photonic properties of icosahedral quasicrystals

Quasicrystalline structures may have optical bandgap properties-frequency ranges in which the propagation of light is forbidden-that make them well-suited to the scientific and technological applications for which photonic crystals are normally considered. Such quasicrystals can be constructed from two or more types of dielectric material arranged in a quasiperiodic pattern whose rotational symmetry is forbidden for periodic crystals (such as five-fold symmetry in the plane and icosahedral symmetry in three dimensions). Because quasicrystals have higher point group symmetry than ordinary crystals, their gap centre frequencies are closer and the gaps widths are more uniform-optimal conditions for forming a complete bandgap that is more closely spherically symmetric. Although previous studies have focused on one-dimensional and two-dimensional quasicrystals, where exact (one-dimensional) or approximate (two-dimensional) band structures can be calculated numerically, analogous calculations for the three-dimensional case are computationally challenging and have not yet been performed. Here we circumvent the computational problem by doing an experiment. Using stereolithography, we construct a photonic quasicrystal with centimetre-scale cells and perform microwave transmission measurements. We show that three-dimensional icosahedral quasicrystals exhibit sizeable stop gaps and, despite their quasiperiodicity, yield uncomplicated spectra that allow us to experimentally determine the faces of their effective Brillouin zones. Our studies confirm that they are excellent candidates for photonic bandgap materials.     

基于深度学习的二维航空大地电磁数据反演

航空大地电磁法以其机动灵活、效率高等优点,适用于在地势崎岖的偏远环境中开展快速普查作业.目前,针对二维航空大地电磁数据的反演研究大多采用对目标函数求解偏导数的方式进行,这会造成反演结果对初始模型依赖高,且极易陷入局部极小值.为解决上述问题,首先从麦克斯韦频率域方程组出发,推导倾子响应计算公式.其次,采用有限单元法计算异常体地电模型倾子响应,并结合地下电阻率值标签,构建深度学习样本数据集,采用卷积神经网络顺利实现了二维航空大地电磁数据反演.最后,针对不同埋深的二维异常体地电模型,分别采用传统电磁反演和深度学习反演方法进行反演研究,对比分析了不同反演方法反演结果.结果表明,相较于传统电磁反演方法,采用深度学习反演方法进行二维航空电磁数据反演,反演速度更快,准确度更高.     

聚苯乙烯薄膜三维培养肝细胞的实验研究

采用三维聚苯乙烯薄膜作为细胞培养支架,在体外进行大鼠肝细胞的三维培养,并与常规二维肝细胞培养进行比较.分析了细胞的生长状态及肝细胞功能,包括细胞存活率、白蛋白分泌功能、尿素合成功能及葡萄糖消耗功能.结果显示:三维细胞增殖活力均始终明显高于二维;在显微镜下观察,可看到三维支架表面黏附生长的肝细胞逐渐增多,有肝细胞黏附成团,且肝细胞保持着良好的形态学结构.研究表明,三维培养的肝细胞其增殖生长和代谢功能都优于同样条件下的二维培养,三维聚苯乙烯薄膜可以作为体外肝细胞培养支架,在生物人工肝培养体系中具有应用前景.     

格子Boltzmann方法中不同边界处理及不同体力项表达式的对比分析

简要介绍了格子Boltzm ann方法以及耦合温度的格子Boltzm ann方法,就LBM采用不同边界处理分别对二维方腔自然对流进行了模拟以及对比。同时,推导出LBM中更为完整的体力项的表达式,并采用简化的体力项与较完整体力项分别进行数值模拟,将结果进行了对比分析。模拟的结果与前人的结果吻合良好。