利用高分辨率遥感图像阴影信息提取建筑物高度

利用全色高分辨率卫星影像数据中的阴影信息进行建筑物高度计算的原理和方法，并结合专家分类系统，研究了如何进行建筑物阴影、顶部和建筑物向阳面分类，并计算出建筑物的高度．从试验区得结果表明，高分辨率的遥感数据在城市信息获取方面有着巨大价值．     

多步骤分类法在土地利用/覆盖专题提取中的应用

利用遥感分类技术提取土地利用 覆盖专题信息一直是遥感应用研究的前沿 .采用多步骤分类法对龙海市土地利用 覆盖类型的专题信息进行提取 ,并对分类结果进行了验证 .该方法不仅提取的效果理想 ,实现过程实用 ,可操作性强 ,而且避免了一次划分多种类别方法在选择波段组合上的矛盾 .     

基于大数据的城市土地利用分类研究——以西宁市为例

以西宁市为例，基于宜出行和兴趣点（points of interest，POI）2类常用大数据以及最大似然、支持向量机和神经网络3种常用分类方法，开展了城市土地利用分类研究．通过对比不同数据与方法组合下的城市土地利用分类精度，确定了提取城市土地利用信息的最优数据组合方式和分类方法．并基于分类结果对西宁市的城市土地利用格局进行了分析．结果显示，基于POI和宜出行数据的神经网络分类方法获取的研究区城市土地利用信息精度最高，总体精度为71.25%，Kappa系数为0.62．主要原因在于综合POI和宜出行可以更加充分地反映不同土地利用类型的特征，而神经网络可以有效综合多源大数据的信息．因此，基于多源大数据和神经网络为快速有效地获取城市土地利用信息提供了有效途径，具有较大的应用潜力．      

基于RS与GIS技术的土地利用／覆盖调查——以佛山市禅城区为例

以佛山市禅城区为研究试验区，获取了研究区2005年的SPOT5卫星图像，并以此图像为基础，提取土地利用／覆盖现状信息．再利用GIS技术建立土地利用基础数据库。其结果表明，利用遥感和GIS技术能准确地反映了土地利用现状信息。并能快速更新土地利用现状数据库，是土地利用／覆盖调查的有效技术手段。     

基于机器学习的多源遥感影像融合土地利用分类研究

为了快速获取准确的城市土地利用信息,提高西南地区遥感影像城市土地利用分类信息提取的精度,探讨了当前快速发展的机器学习技术在该领域中的分类实验.选用昆明市主城区作为研究区域,以Landsat8与Sentinel-1A影像为原始数据,使用GS变换法对影像进行融合,使用卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)和BP神经网络(Back Propagation Network)2种分类算法对融合前后的遥感影像进行土地利用分类信息提取,对分类结果进行分析.研究结果表明:基于Landsat8和Sentinel-1A的融合影像数据的卷积神经网络分类算法具有最好的分类效果,其总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别为85.8091%,0.8124,认为基于多源遥感影像融合的卷积神经网络分类方法是获取准确的城市土地利用分类信息的一种可行的方法,可以为高原地区城市的土地利用分类提取研究参考.     

江南丘陵区土地利用/覆被分类

江南丘陵区土地利用/履被类型相对比较复杂，传统的基于光谱特征的计算机自动分类的精度难以达到实际应用的需求．为了提高分类精度，需要模仿目视解译过程，从遥感信息机理与地学规律的综合分析人手，综合其它辅助信息进行分类．在对绍兴试验区地学背景知识和遥感数据光谱特性充分分析的基础上，获取了试验区各类典型地物分类的知识，并以规则的形式表示这些知识，集成TM影像亮度值、亮度值关系和DEM、坡度和坡向地理辅助数据对试验区土地利用/履被进行分类．结果表明，该方法可以方便有效地综合多种辅助数据进行分类，得到令人满意的分类结果，本次试验的分类精度为86．66％。     

资源一号02C星数据在土地利用分类中的应用

以资源一号02C星的2.36mHRC和10mMUX影像为数据源,根据试验区特点进行数据预处理,得到同时具有多光谱和高分辨率特征的影像,采用面向对象的分类方法进行土地利用分类,总结资源一号02C星的数据特点及应用潜力。结果显示:Pansharp融合法能有效保持02C影像的空间和光谱信息;面向对象的分类方法能充分利用02C高分辨率融合影像具有的丰富光谱、形状、纹理等特征信息,总体分类精度达到93.04%,Kappa系数达到0.89,结果优于传统基于像元的分类法。表明资源一号02C影像能较好地应用于土地利用宏观监测。     

基于GIS的BP神经网络遥感影像分类研究

传统统计模式识别方法进行遥感影像分类时要求数据服从正态分布且难以加入地理辅助数据．通过分析BP网的分类原理与学习算法，采用了融合遥感影像光谱数据和GIS产生的地理辅助数据进行土地利用类型分类的方法．选择最能反映实验区土地利用信息的光谱数据，结合DEM数据和坡度数据，通过归一化处理后进行BP网的训练分类．将分类结果与采用最大似然法所得的结果综合比较，结果表明，该方法优于最大似然法．     

基于GIS的土地利用动态监测：以民勤试验区为例

以甘肃省民勤县城关镇毗邻的４个乡镇为典型试验区,利用遥感与ＧＩＳ相结合的技术方法,重点监测了近１０年来该地区土地利用的具体变化状况。并在地物光谱研究的基础上,提出了适合试验区实际情况的遥感波段组合（ＴＭ Ｒ１Ｂ４Ｇ６）和分类方法（贝叶斯方法）。对该实验区而言,这种波段组合效果最佳,贝叶斯分类的总精度也达到８８．５１％。对经制图综合而获得的土地利用专题信息,通过数据转换、软件接口与不同时期的土地利用     

土地利用的遥感信息变化提取研究

利用卫星遥感影像进行土地利用类型分类和动态变化监测是遥感应用中的一个重要课题。本文选择不同时相的ETM 和SPOT-5卫星遥感影像数据,对两期影像进行监督分类,快速提取不同时期的土地利用数据;然后进行动态变化监测,获得土地利用情况的变化特征和信息;最后对其分类精度进行评价分析。研究表明,两期影像中耕地、居民用地和未利用地这三个类别的变化面积较大;ETM 影像进行监督分类的精度为90.1692%,Kappa系数值为0.8268;SPOT-5影像进行监督分类的精度为95.1477%,Kappa系数值为0.9361。由于SPOT-5影像的分辨率较高,分类效果更优于ETM 影像,更能准确的反映土地类型的信息和特征。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-