Ten cities cross-sectional questionnaire survey of children asthma and other allergies in China

Asthma,rhinitis and eczema(allergic or non-allergic)have increased throughout the world during the last decades,especially among children.Changes in the indoor environment are suspected to be important causes.China has experienced a dramatic change in indoor environmental exposures during the past two decades.However,such changes and their associations with children’s asthma and other health aspects have not been thoroughly studied.China,Children,Homes,Health(CCHH),Phase I,was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 48219 children 1–8 years old in 10 Chinese cities during 2010–2012.The questionnaire includes the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood(ISAAC)core health questions and additional questions regarding housing,life habits and outdoor environment.In health analyses,children aged 3–6 years old were included.The prevalences of doctor diagnosed asthma varied from 1.7%to 9.8%(mean 6.8%),a large increase from 0.91%in 1999 and 1.50%in2000.The prevalence of wheeze,rhinitis and atopic eczema(last 12 months)varied from 13.9%to 23.7%,24.0%to 50.8%and4.8%to 15.8%,respectively.Taiyuan had the lowest prevalences of all illnesses and Shanghai the highest,except for wheezewhere the highest value was for Urumqi.We found(1)no obvious association between disease prevalences and ambient PM10concentrations and(2)higher prevalences of disease in humid climates with hot summers and cold winters,but with no centrally heated buildings.Associations between the diseases and economic status as indexed by Gross Domestic Product(GDP)requires further study.     

Pet-keeping and its impact on asthma and allergies among preschool children in Shanghai, China

Whether early pet-keeping is a risk factor for children’s asthma and allergies remains controversial. To investigate associations between asthma, allergies and airway symptoms among children and the indoor environment, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 districts of Shanghai. A number of 13335 questionnaires (response rate: 85.3%) of 4-6 year old children were analyzed. Families in urban areas have more pets except for dogs than families in suburbs. Fish are the most common pets in urban districts. The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was 10.3%, wheeze (ever) 28.3%, rhinitis (ever) 54.1%, doctor-diagnosed hay fever 12.6% and eczema (ever) 22.9%. In logistic regression analyses, early furred pet-keeping was positively associated with most of the symptoms and significantly with rhinitis (ever, adjusted OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.14–1.76) and doctor-diagnosed hay fever (1.38, 1.02–1.88). Current furred pet-keeping was significantly negatively associated with doctor-diagnosed asthma (0.57, 0.39–0.83). Persistent furred pet-keeping was significantly positively associated with rhinitis on pet or pollen exposure. However, current pet-keeping is not randomly distributed in the population. Children in families with “allergy” or with “pet avoidance behavior” (due to allergies in the family) have more symptoms, but have avoided cats and dogs, leading to the conclusion that such animals are “protective”, namely the “Healthy Pet-Keeping” effect. Moreover, rodents and birds are risks for children’s health. Fish-keeping is also seemingly a risk. This study indicates that early pet-keeping is a risk factor for asthma and allergies in families with a history of allergies, and part of residents in Shanghai have pet-avoidance behavior.     

芜湖市高校武术协会现状的调查与分析

本文运用文献资料和问卷调查等研究方法,对安徽省芜湖市高校学生武术协会现状进行调查与研究。结果表明：芜湖市各高校武术协会的开展情况较好,在丰富校园文化,培养学生素质全面发展方面发挥了积极作用;但还存在着活动缺乏指导、自身管理水平低、主管部门重视不够等问题。     

吸入布地奈德对哮喘儿童肺功能的改善及安全性评价

目的探讨雾化吸入布地奈德对哮喘儿童肺功能的改善及安全性。方法选择95例6．48月的哮喘患儿持续（6月）吸入布地奈德,每日250μg,2次／d,治疗前及治疗6月后分别测定各项肺功能指标、血皮质醇及骨密度。结果治疗6月后,肺功能有明显改善,血皮质醇及骨密度无明显变化。结论吸入布地奈德能改善哮喘患儿肺功能,降低气道高反应性,对患儿肾上皮质功能及骨密度未见显著影响。     

Sick building syndrome among parents of preschool children in relation to home environment in Chongqing, China

The prevalence and risk factors of sick building syndrome(SBS)symptoms in domestic environments were studied by a questionnaire survey on the home environment.Parents of 5299 3–6 years old children from randomly selected kindergartens in Chongqing,China returned completed questionnaires between December 2010 and April 2011.The prevalence of parents’SBS symptoms(often(every week)compared with never)were:11.4%for general symptoms,7.1%for mucosal symptoms and 4.4%for skin symptoms.Multiple logistic regressions were applied controlling for gender and asthma/allergic rhinitis/eczema.Living near a main road or highway was a strong risk factor for general symptoms(adjusted odds ratio,aOR=2.16,P<0.001),skin symptoms(aOR=2.69,P<0.001),and mucosal symptoms(aOR=1.63,P<0.01).Redecoration was a risk factor for general symptoms(aOR=2.00,P<0.001),skin symptoms(aOR=1.66,P<0.01),and mucosal symptoms(aOR=1.66,P<0.05).New furniture was a risk factor for general symptoms(aOR=2.16,P<0.001)and skin symptoms(aOR=1.67,P<0.01).Dampness related problems(mould spot,damp stain,water damage and condensation)were all risk factors for SBS symptoms,as was the presence of cockroaches,rats,and mosquitoes/flies and use of incense.Protective factors include cleaning the child’s bedroom every day and frequently exposing bedding to sunshine.In conclusion,adults’SBS symptoms were related to factors of the home environment.     

郴州地区儿童哮喘患者血清过敏原检测分析

目的了解郴州地区儿童哮喘患者过敏原和总IgE分布情况及特点,为哮喘防治提供依据。方法采用体外过敏原检测系统计算过敏原阳性率sIgE和总IgE情况。结果136例儿童哮喘患者阳性率为72．06％,正常健康儿童阳性率为5．0％。最高的过敏原为户尘粉尘螨,占54．10％,其次为猫毛、狗毛、蟑螂、芒果、鸡蛋白、牛奶,牛肉羊肉。患儿血清总IgE水平明显高于正常健康儿童。结论郴州地区儿童哮喘患者过敏原以吸入为主,阳性率随年龄增长而升高,尘螨是重要的过敏原,检测并避免接触过敏原是防治的重要环节。     

WTO规则与重庆经济政策比较及调适

中国加入WTO以后,其体制、规则必然对我国经济体制、产权制度、产业发展、对外开放、对外贸易、引进外资等诸多方面提出新的要求,特别是政策规范方面会产生较大冲突,地区经济的发展和政策也将面临一系列的冲击。面对加入WTO所带来的影响,制定出相应的对策,是重庆当前需要认真研究的重大课题。     

重庆市产业结构变动与城镇化之关系初探

加快城镇化进程是我国社会经济发展的重大课题,文章以重庆市为研究对象,从产业结构调整与城镇化的相互关系入手,分析了90年代以来重庆市城镇化与产业结构的变动特征,指出重庆市城镇化与与产业结构存在的问题并提出改革的措施和建议。     

重庆经济结构调整浅析

重庆市经济结构矛盾十分突出 ,调整优化重庆市经济结构 ,应当立足西部开发 ,建设长江上游中心城市 ;深化国有企业改革 ,调整国有经济布局 ;加大科技投入 ,发展高新技术产业 .     

基于建筑类型学的中华门门西地区传统民居平面空间演变研究

通过对古都南京中华门门西历史街区的空间解析,阐明当今历史文化名城的空间特性;历史街区形态的构成原理,是取决于宅基地以及与其相对应的建筑类型的变化。本文通过对南京城南?西门地区的48栋传统民居平面类型及其变化型的分析, 阐明居住空间以及街区空间层面的变化机能,为历史街区的保护规划提供一手的基础依据。     

重庆市产业集群现状及其培育策略研究

产业集群是当今产业发展的重要特征之一,是提升产业竞争力的重要方式,是增强区域综合竞争能力的重要途径。本文根据产业集群理论,对重庆市产业集群发展现状及存在的问题进行了剖析,并认为重庆的产业集群发展尚处于形成阶段,且基本上属于低端道路型产业集群。据此,文章提出了进一步培育重庆市产业集群的四点策略。     

重庆市产业集群现状及其培育策略研究

产业集群是当今产业发展的重要特征之一,是提升产业竞争力的重要方式,是增强区域综合竞争能力的重要途径.本文根据产业集群理论,对重庆市产业集群发展现状及存在的问题进行了剖析,并认为重庆的产业集群发展尚处于形成阶段,且基本上属于低端道路型产业集群.据此,文章提出了进一步培育重庆市产业集群的四点策略.     

Biological correlates of psychological states among young children: a cross-sectional examination of roles of aspartate transaminase/alanine aminotransferase,insulin, and cytokines

Compared to data on adolescents and adults, limited research has been conducted on biological corre- lates among young children with possible psychological difficulties, especially in Asian countries. By focusing on various peripheral biochemical indicators, we investigated potential biological correlates of psychological states in a community sample of Taiwanese school children aged 6-10 years. In total, 307 students （159 obese children and 148 normal-weight children） were selected from first- and fourth-grade school children in eight elementary schools in the Taipei metropolitan area in 2009. These children underwent a comprehensive health examination, including a physical examination, blood sample analysis, and questionnaire administration in a hospital. Differences in anthropometric and serum biochemical readings were compared between children with average and worse levels on each of the five psychological domains. We found that interleukin （IL）-1β [β = 1.29, 95 % confidence interval （CI） 0.50-2.09], IL-10 （β = 1.61, 95 % CI 〈0.01-3.24）, fasting blood glucose （β = 0.08, 95 % CI 0.01-0.15）, homocysteine （β = 0.63, 95 % CI 0.09-1.18）, and aspar- tate transaminase （AST） （β = 0.15, 95 % CI 〈0.01-0.31） were significantly positively associated with anxiety. In addition, IL-113, insulin, AST, and alanine aminotransam- inase （ALT） were significantly positively associated with depression. Anger and disruptive behaviors were also related to specific biological correlates. Specific biological correlates, including AST/ALT, cardiovascular disease- related variables, and specific cytokines, were linked to particular psychological states among young children in this Asian population. These might provide a route for better understanding the biological aspects of children＇s mental health and might contribute to research on diag- nostic or predictive biomarkers for psychiatric diseases in young children.     

Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis in chicken growth hormone gene and its associations with growth and carcass traits

In this experiment, F2 chicken derived from Broilers crossing to Silky are used to study the effect of growth hormone gene on growth and carcass traits. The partial gene is amplified by two pairs of primers, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) is detected by the technique of PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), and then confirmed by DNA sequencing. The mutations are found in intron 3 and intron 4 respectively, and can be clarified by digestion with EcoRVand Msp I. The results of least square analysis indicate that the gene has significant association with some carcass traits, such as breast muscle weight, breast muscle rate, abdominal fat rate, and has no association with other growth and carcass traits, such as live weight, carcass weight, eviscerated yield with giblet, eviscerated yield, leg muscle weight, heart weight, liver weight, abdominal fat weight, chest angle width, head and neck weight,shank and claw weight, wing weight, muscular stomach weight, glandular stomach weight, ovary or testicular weight, shank girth, small intestine length, 1-week body weight, 6-week body weight, 12-week body weight, etc. These results demonstrate that GH gene could be a genetic locus or linked to a major gene significantly affecting the growth and carcass traits in chicken.     

基于个人—工作契合度对员工敬业度的研究

员工敬业度作为考核企业管理效率的重要指标,越来越受到学术界、企业界的重视。目前国内外现有研究大多将影响员工敬业度的各个因素分别测量和研究,忽略了各个因素之间的相互作用,实际上员工的敬业度是个人和工作环境相互作用的结果。提出了基于个人-工作契合度及其子概念来探讨其对敬业度的影响,并从个人-工作契合度的角度详细研究了工作敬业度的主要驱动影响因素。     

小学数学新课程在重庆地区的适应性调查研究

笔者对小学数学新课程在重庆地区的适应性调查中发现：学生两极分化现象严重,新教材还需进一步完善,数学课程资源缺乏,应试教育的评价机制制约着小学数学新课程改革前进的步伐.对此,本文提出相应的对策与建议,包括加快课程资源的开发,强化教师角色的转变,加强对教师的指导与培训,关注教师职业健康安全,推进教育评价与考试制度的改革以及积极组织在校师范生参与新课改工作等.     

中日两国残疾儿童教育模式的比较研究

本文就日本特殊教育的发展模式与我国特殊教育发展过程进行了对比分析,阐述了日本隔离式教育向统合式教育转变的原因及我国现行双轨制多形态特殊教育模式存在的理由和必要性,并分析了要实现"人人受教育"这个个性化教育目标的道路.     

中日两国残疾儿童教育模式的比较研究

本文就日本特殊教育的发展模式与我国特殊教育发展过程进行了对比分析,阐述了日本隔离式教育向统合式教育转变的原因及我国现行双轨制多形态特殊教育模式存在的理由和必要性,并分析了要实现“人人受教育”这个个性化教育目标的道路。