考虑碳排放权交易的供应链三方企业价格决策

考虑碳排放权交易,研究由碳排放权供应商、制造商和零售商组成的供应链系统三方企业价格决策问题,根据制造商和零售商所组成的供应链分散决策和集中决策情形,分别建立三方企业价格决策模型,并比较分析两种决策情形的优化结果.理论分析表明:供应链集中决策情形下碳排放权供应商的碳权转移价格、碳排放权供应商利润、制造商与零售商组成的供应链利润均高于分散决策.最后通过算例对模型进行验证,并分析单位碳排放权成本、单位产品碳排放成本、单位产品碳排放量和政府分配的碳排放配额对碳排放权供应商利润、制造商利润和零售商利润的影响.     

考虑碳减排研发技术溢出的两级供应链决策与协调机制

考虑包含一个制造商和两个供应商的两级供应链系统中,两供应商之间在碳减排研发水平上进行纳什博弈,而制造商与两供应商进行斯坦伯格博弈.构建了考虑碳减排研发技术水平溢出的博弈模型,并通过逆序求解法得到两个供应商的中间产品价格、碳减排研发水平和制造商产量,比较分析了不同竞合模式下供应链的决策及利润,并设计了一种收益共享供应链协调机制.研究表明：1)制造商与两供应商协同合作不仅可以使供应链整体利润最优,而且还能形成共赢的局面;2) 技术外溢系数与制造商产量、碳减排研发水平和供应链各方及整体利润成正相关关系,与供应商中间产品价格成负相关关系;3)技术外溢系数越大,制造商利润留成比例可行范围越大.最后通过算例分析,验证了模型的正确性以及协调机制的有效性,并提出针对性的方法和建议.     

碳限额政策下考虑制造商资金约束的供应链决策研究

文章在碳限额政策下,考虑制造商减排资金受到约束,通过分别建立银行融资和供应商融资的供应链决策模型,研究供应链的减排、生产和融资决策问题,分别从供应链成员和供应链系统利润最大化的角度,探讨制造商融资方式的选择。研究发现：2种融资策略下供应商和制造商的最优决策受碳排放上限的影响;与银行融资相比,供应商融资时,降低了产品的批发价格,从而激励了制造商增加减排投资。从制造商和供应链系统利润最大化出发,无论何种碳限额政策,供应商融资更占优势;从供应商利润最大化出发,供应商只有在高碳排放条件下才会贷款给制造商。     

供应链协同的创新投资决策

从知识创新对供应链生存和发展的重要性出发,研究了供应链协同知识创新的含义,指出协同知识创新是其特点.根据制造商参与的不同程度,建立了制造商协同供应商知识创新的4个层次.在此基础上,指出协同知识创新的第4层次,制造商投资供应商进行创新有着积极意义.基于制造商和供应商一对一的供应链模型,设定市场需求不变,分别构造制造商与供应商的获利函数,通过对获利函数的求解,得出制造商投资供应商创新的经济决策条件.最后,以实例说明模型的应用,并指出进一步的研究方向.     

基于Agent供应链成员协商机制研究

供应链成员之间的协商是供应链管理的基础部分,供应链成员只有通过协商才能进行有效的合作。在分析制造商与供应商协商系统结构的基础上,给出制造商与供应商具体的协商策略,分别阐述了制造商与供应商的协商决策机制。并且将Agent技术运用到制造商与供应商协商系统中,具体分析了Agent系统框架及应用实例。     

两种博弈模式的绿色供应链减量化效率比较

绿色供应链是供应链概念的拓展和延伸,它以循环经济作为其哲学理念,供应链伙伴成员共同努力以减少自然资源和能源消耗,以此保护生态环境.为了研究不同市场结构下的绿色供应链效率,应用博弈论,分析了单一制造商和单一供应商组成的绿色供应链减量化生产效率问题,分别得到了纳什博弈和合作博弈的均衡解,并比较了两种博弈情况下的供应商、制造商的努力水平和供应链总利润的优劣.     

一类两级供应链统一批量价格和保修期决策

针对由单个供应商和两个相互竞争制造商组成的两级供应链,其中供应商是领导者,制造商是跟随者,生产两种替代性产品,讨论供应商统一批量价格策略和制造商保修期策略.采用逆序归纳法研究该供应链成员之间的博弈行为.首先,讨论两个制造商之间的博弈行为,得到了保修期最优反应函数和唯一的Nash均衡.然后,讨论供应商的批量价格策略,得到了具体的解析表达式.并采用数值算例,针对两制造商的区别只是市场规模不同的特例,刻画了供应商和制造商的策略和单位时间利润的变化规律.     

供应商与制造商的完全信息静态博弈分析

笔者认为在一个供应链中,一个供应商给制造商提供一种或多种原材料,此时这个供应商与制造商,构成了一种供应支链的供需关系;而制造商再与多个分销商构成新的多条供应支链的供需关系。供应链主题更多的是供应商与制造商、制造商与分销商、分销商至零售商等各个供需关系的链接,供应链还不能实现所有企业联盟,只是供应链的每阶段供需的协调合作。在供需合作关系之时,供应商与制造商为实现自身利益的最大化,进行着为争夺利益的博弈,本文就是供需双方在完全信息下,静态博弈模型对供应链中的供应需求关系进行分析。     

基于收益共享合同机制的零部件-制造质量双驱动供应链决策模型

考虑一个由供应商和制造商组成的二级供应链,研究供应商和制造商在零部件-制造质量双驱动下的博弈和协调问题。在供应商和制造商质量决策的基础上,根据供应链不同结构,分别建立了中心化和分散化情形下的零部件-制造质量双驱动需求模型。分析了零部件-制造质量双驱动供应链下供应商和制造商的均衡决策、收益以及效率损失和绩效改进空间。通过设计总成本分摊与收益分享合同最终实现了质量双驱动决策模型下的供应链协调,制造商和供应商均实现Pareto绩效改进,该合同表现出较好的稳健性。通过总成本分摊与收益分享合同,供应商和制造商能实现成本分摊和收益共享的正相关,有利于促进双方质量水平的提高。数值算例结果验证了该模型的有效性。     

考虑供应中断的多产品供应链鲁棒模型

考虑供应中断的情况,分析了由制造商、主供应商和备用供应商所组成的多产品供应链,采用基于区间分析的Bertsimas鲁棒优化方法来描述销售价格的不确定性,建立了供应链鲁棒模型,并进行优化求解.设计的鲁棒模型能够满足供应链三个主体———制造商、主供应商和备用供应商利润最优的目标,同时可以抵抗一定的不确定性.数值算例结果表明,当销售价格在一定范围波动时,所建立的模型具有鲁棒性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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