预变形Cu本构关系的神经网络模型和Z-A模型

利用Split-Hopkinson bar装置上所得到的变形数据，研究了冲击预变形铜的神经网络本构关系模型以及Zerrrlli-Axmstrong本构关系模型，比较了两种模型对冲击预变形铜在不同热力学状态下流变应力的预测精度．研究表明：神经网络模型的总的拟合度为0．9％，而Zerrilli-Armstrong模型的拟合度为8％；Zerrilli-Armstrong模型相对于神经网络模型精度较低，是由于物理模型把材料内部某些动态变量作为常数处理，而神经网络模型建模训练时已经包含了这些动态变化的因素；通过增加神经网络输入节点数可以扩大神经网络模型的应用范围。     

多轴非比例加载下循环硬化的数值模拟

本文应用一整合的粘塑性本构模型数值模拟了高温多轴非比例循环应力作用下退火316型不锈钢的循环硬化.文章中具体描述说明了该本构模型方程及其材料参数的构成与物理意义.本构方程的所有材料参数均由简单单轴实验得出,圆形与方型单轴扭转循环应力路径下本构方程的数值模拟结果由实验结果证实了本构模型的可行性,最后该本构模型扩展的可能性亦得到分析与讨论.     

饱和粘土本构关系的神经网络模型

基于不同应力中径下饱和粘土的三轴试验和反问题理论，提出了用改进BP神经网络和径向基函数（RBF）神经网络这两种方法来建立粘土的本构模型。实例分析表明，两种模型对具体本构关系都能够很好逼近和预测，比较起来，径向基函数神经网络模型的稳定性好，且逼近速度快，而改进BP神经网络稳定性好，但逼近速度过慢。     

低碳钢热塑性成形过程本构模型

根据高温流动应力行为的主导软化机制不同,建立了低碳钢热塑性成形过程的动态回复和动态再结晶两阶段本构模型.采用单一内变量的位错密度演化模型描述加工硬化和动态回复对流动应力的影响;应用Avrami方程表达动态再结晶软化作用对流动应力的影响.采用Gleeble1500热模拟实验机对低碳钢进行热压缩实验,依据实验流动应力曲线确定本构模型中的参数,并分析了模型参数随变形条件的变化规律.应用建立的本构模型计算实验条件下的流变曲线,结果计算值与实验值吻合良好,表明所建立的本构模型可以用于低碳钢热压缩成形过程的数值模拟.     

金属材料循环加载本构关系有限元模型的二次开发

金属材料多轴循环本构关系与加载路径强烈相关,只有建立路径相关的金属弹塑性本构关系模型,才能对复杂的多轴循环载荷下的机械零部件进行准确的应力应变分析和疲劳寿命预测。基于增量理论,建立金属材料弹塑性本构关系的有限元模型,并利用Ansys有限元软件下的UPFs对Ansys单元本构关系进行了二次开发。最后对二次开发的单元本构关系模型与Ansys自身材料库模型进行了算例对比,开发的单元本构关系模型计算结果准确可靠,可以进行金属材料循环加载下的应力应变分析。     

混凝土三轴循环本构关系的神经网络模拟

利用BP神经网络的模拟能力代替传统的力学方法，对混凝土材料的循环本构关系进行了模拟研究．首先回顾了此类模型的研究进展和构造方法。然后直接从试验数据出发，建立了混凝土三轴受压循环比例加栽条件下的本构模型．试验结果和模拟结果的比较说明，该模型具有较高的精度和良好的泛化能力．本研究结果进一步说明神经网络模型适合于描述多影响因素的非线性复杂因果规律，为研究材料本构特性提供了一条新的途径．     

土的边界面应力应变本构关系

土的边界面应力应变本构关系徐日庆，杨林德，龚晓南用光滑封闭的蛋形函数作为屈服面和边界面，用强度发挥度建立了两者的内在联系，据以建立边界面本构模型．土的边界面应力应变本构关系@徐日庆，杨林德，龚晓南...     

考虑温度记忆效应的形状记忆合金本构模型

近年来在形状记忆合金（Shape Memory Alloy,SMA）中发现的由于不完全马氏体逆相变引起的温度记忆效应,在智能材料与结构等领域具有潜在的应用价值,建立克服现存SMA本构模型不能考虑SMA温度记忆效应这一局限性的SMA本构模型具有理论和工程实际意义．本文在前期研究的基础上,基于作者提出的形状记忆因子的概念,综合运用热力学、连续介质力学和马氏体相变学的相关理论,建立了描述SMA的形状记忆因子、应力、温度间关系的形状记忆方程和描述SMA的应变、应力、温度间关系的力学本构方程．由形状记忆方程和力学本构方程构成的SMA本构模型,克服了现存SMA本构模型不能考虑SMA温度记忆效应的局限性．数值结果表明,该SMA本构模型能有效描述经历不完全马氏体逆相变的SMA的热力学行为,可为SMA温度记忆效应的应用研究提供理论基础．     

沙体本构特性的神经网络模拟

采用人工神经网络（ＢＰ网络）进行了沙的本构关系模拟，建立了沙体三点式神经网络本构模型，并通过网络自适应学习，使本构模型不断改进，试验表明，网络本构模型与实验结果吻合良好。     

工程材料本构模型辨识及参数反演新方法

概述了采矿、岩土、土木等工程材料本构模型辨识及物理力学参数的反 分析等研究;针对具体工程材料最佳本构模型的选择（模型辨识）及基物理力学参数确定问题,视工程对象（岩土体）为一复杂系统,施工中实测获得的工程对象随时间的响应（如载荷、变形位移等宏观信息数据）隐式地蕴含着工程材料的本构信息,即工程对象的应力－应变本构关系和模型的物理力学参数。作为系统识别模拟的理想工具,神经网络能够学习模拟到工程材料的本构关系,这样即工程对象体的本构模型和参数识别为一“黑箱”,给定某一应变向量就可得到期望的输出应力向量,而无需写出显式参数的数学表达式,此即基于神经网络的隐式材料本构模型－智能本构模型。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.